How is feedback perceived by Brazilian students and faculty from a nursing school?

AIM: This study aims to explore the perceptions of feedback among undergraduate students and faculty members at a Brazilian private nursing school. BACKGROUND: Feedback plays a crucial role in the socioemotional development of learners, with its interpretation varying across different sociocultural contexts. Student evaluations frequently express dissatisfaction regarding both the quality and quantity of feedback received. Conversely, delivering feedback poses a challenge for faculty, requiring the establishment of an empathetic connection that fosters trust and credibility. Brazil, being a developing country characterized by social disparities and economic challenges, presents a unique backdrop for examining feedback dynamics. DESIGN: Qualitative research, employing Inductive Content Analysis, was used to understand feedback perceptions in Brazilian nursing education. Symbolic interactionism was adopted as methodological framework and guided data interpretation. METHODS: We carried out five virtual focus groups composed of a group of teachers (n=5) and four of students (n=34). Semi-structured interviews guided data collection. The recorded sessions were subsequently analyzed to identify key themes and codes. Symbolic interactionism was employed as a framework to derive meaning from qualitative data. RESULTS: Content analysis generated two categories that reveal the perception of teachers and students in the feedback process. The first, called "Feedback in Education: Sociocultural Influences for Students and Teachers", expresses the beliefs and interpretations of students and teachers within the shared feedback environment. The second called "Challenging resonance, transformative construction: Navigating the dualities of feedback for teachers and students", which elucidated how relational dynamics shape behaviors and attitudes, promoting the development of social skills and learning. Faculty's previous feedback experiences significantly influence their self-perception and behavior with students. As a result of the resonance of these past interactions, we recognize that the teaching self also plays a crucial role in the quality and perception of feedback. Furthermore, students construct social reality with similar beliefs and values, they believe in the learning potential generated by feedback. Our findings also corroborate that perceptions of feedback are deeply influenced by the sociocultural context and the narratives corroborate previous findings indicating that, in Brazil, honest feedback can be implicitly perceived as criticism rather than an opportunity for growth. CONCLUSIONS: Faculty members often draw on their past experiences when providing feedback, highlighting the adaptive nature of feedback interactions. Additionally, the feedback process is consistently influenced by the commitment to maintaining positive relationships with students. Students recognize the constructive dimension of feedback as a valuable tool for learning and personal growth.

HLA dependency and possible clinical relevance of intrathecally synthesized anti-IgLON5 IgG4 in anti-IgLON5 disease.

Background: Anti-IgLON5 disease is a rare chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by IgLON5 autoantibodies predominantly of the IgG4 subclass. Distinct pathogenic effects were described for anti-IgLON5 IgG1 and IgG4, however, with uncertain clinical relevance. Methods: IgLON5-specific IgG1-4 levels were measured in 46 sera and 20 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 13 HLA-subtyped anti-IgLON5 disease patients (six females, seven males) using flow cytometry. Intervals between two consecutive serum or CSF samplings (31 and 10 intervals, respectively) were categorized with regard to the immunomodulatory treatment active at the end of the interval, changes of anti-IgLON5 IgG1 and IgG4 levels, and disease severity. Intrathecal anti-IgLON5 IgG4 synthesis (IS) was assessed using a quantitative method. Results: The median age at onset was 66 years (range: 54-75), disease duration 10 years (range: 15-156 months), and follow-up 25 months (range: 0-83). IgLON5-specific IgG4 predominance was observed in 38 of 46 (83%) serum and 11 of 20 (55%) CSF samples. Anti-IgLON5 IgG4 levels prior clinical improvement in CSF but not serum were significantly lower than in those prior stable/progressive disease. Compared to IgLON5 IgG4 levels in serum, CSF levels in HLA-DRB1*10:01 carriers were significantly higher than in non-carriers. Indeed, IgLON5-specific IgG4 IS was demonstrated not only in four of five HLA-DRB1*10:01 carriers but also in one non-carrier. Immunotherapy was associated with decreased anti-IgGLON5 IgG serum levels. In CSF, lower anti-IgLON5 IgG was associated with immunosuppressive treatments used in combination, that is, corticosteroids and/or azathioprine plus intravenous immunoglobulins or rituximab. Conclusion: Our findings might indicate that CSF IgLON5-specific IgG4 is frequently produced intrathecally, especially in HLA-DRB1*10:01 carriers. Intrathecally produced IgG4 may be clinically relevant. While many immunotherapies reduce serum IgLON5 IgG levels, more intense immunotherapies induce clinical improvement and may be able to target intrathecally produced anti-IgLON5 IgG. Further studies need to confirm whether anti-IgLON5 IgG4 IS is a suitable prognostic and predictive biomarker in anti-IgLON5 disease.

Cerebrovascular disease in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a transcranial Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging study.

Objective: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and brain MRI may be useful in evaluating patients with APS, helping to stratify the risk of cerebrovascular ischaemic events in this population. This study aimed to assess the frequency of brain MRI abnormalities in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome, secondary antiphospholipid syndrome and SLE and correlate to TCD findings. Methods: The study, conducted over four years at two autoimmune disease referral centres, included 22 primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients, 24 secondary antiphospholipid syndrome patients, 27 SLE patients without APS and 21 healthy controls. All participants underwent TCD to assess cerebral haemodynamics, detect microembolic signals and evaluate right-to-left shunts, followed by brain MRI and magnetic resonance angiography. MRI scans were reviewed for acute microembolism, localized cortical infarctions, border infarctions, lacunar infarctions, ischaemic lesions, white matter hyperintensity, micro and macro haemorrhages and arterial stenosis ≥50% of the cervical carotid artery, by two neuroradiologists blinded to the clinical data. Results: Brain MRI findings were similar between the groups, except for lacunar infarction, more frequent in patients with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (P = 0.022). Patients with intracranial stenosis detected by TCD had a higher frequency of territorial infarction (40% vs 7.5%, P = 0.02), lacunar (40% vs 11.3%, P = 0.075) and border zone infarcts (20% vs 1.9%, P = 0.034). Conclusions: Patients with intracranial stenosis presented a higher frequency of territorial, lacunar and border zone infarcts, suggesting that evaluating the intracranial vasculature should not be neglected in patients with APS and stroke.

Encephalitis associated with anti-mGluR5 antibodies.

A 30-year-old woman had 5 days of visual hallucinations, nystagmus, memory impairment and mutism. On examination, she was disorientated with reduced attention span, gaze-evoked nystagmus, paratonia and abnormal frontal reflexes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed 80 cells, protein 0.41 g/L and glucose 3.2 mmol/L (plasma glucose 5.0 mmol/L). MR scan of the brain showed involvement of limbic and extra-limbic regions and brainstem. Commercial cell-based assays were negative, but tissue-based assays showed neuropil staining, and cell-based assays for anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antibodies were positive in serum and CSF. Six months later, she was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. This case emphasises the broader clinical spectrum of anti-mGluR5 encephalitis, challenging its initial characterisation as Ophelia syndrome. It underscores the significance of interpreting commercial cell-based assays and advocates for tissue-based assay testing followed by cell-based assay testing in serum and CSF for diagnosing rare autoimmune encephalitis.

Brazilian autoimmune encephalitis network (BrAIN): antibody profile and clinical characteristics from a multicenter study.

Background: The frequency of antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) may vary in different populations, however, data from developing countries are lacking. To describe the clinical profile of AIE in Brazil, and to evaluate seasonality and predictors of AIE in adult and pediatric patients. Methods: We evaluated patients with possible AIE from 17 centers of the Brazilian Autoimmune Encephalitis Network (BrAIN) between 2018 and 2022. CSF and serum were tested with TBAs and CBAs. Data on clinical presentation, complementary investigation, and treatment were compiled. Seasonality and predictors of AIE in adult and pediatric populations were analyzed. Results: Of the 564 patients, 145 (25.7%) were confirmed as seropositive, 69 (12.23%) were seronegative according to Graus, and 58% received immunotherapy. The median delay to diagnosis confirmation was 5.97 ± 10.3 months. No seasonality variation was observed after 55 months of enrolment. The following antibodies were found: anti-NMDAR (n=79, 54%), anti-MOG (n=14, 9%), anti-LGI1(n=12, 8%), anti-GAD (n=11, 7%), anti-GlyR (n=7, 4%), anti-Caspr2 (n=6, 4%), anti-AMPAR (n=4, 2%), anti-GABA-BR (n=4, 2%), anti-GABA-AR (n=2, 1%), anti-IgLON5 (n=1, 1%), and others (n=5, 3%). Predictors of seropositive AIE in the pediatric population (n=42) were decreased level of consciousness (p=0.04), and chorea (p=0.002). Among adults (n=103), predictors of seropositive AIE were movement disorders (p=0.0001), seizures (p=0.0001), autonomic instability (p=0.026), and memory impairment (p=0.001). Conclusion: Most common antibodies in Brazilian patients are anti-NMDAR, followed by anti-MOG and anti-LGI1. Only 26% of the possible AIE patients harbor antibodies, and 12% were seronegative AIE. Patients had a 6-month delay in diagnosis and no seasonality was found. Findings highlight the barriers to treating AIE in developing countries and indicate an opportunity for cost-effect analysis. In this scenario, some clinical manifestations help predict seropositive AIE such as decreased level of consciousness, chorea, and dystonia among children, and movement disorders and memory impairment among adults.

Quality of podcasts recorded by nursing lecturers as pre-class learning material for students: An observational study.

AIM: To evaluate the quality of podcasts produced by lecturers as pre-class learning material; to verify lecturers' buy-in, after a specific workshop, regarding the practice of producing and using podcasts. BACKGROUND: The teaching-learning process has undergone significant changes in recent years with the proposal of the flipped classroom strategy, which places the student at the center of the learning process and uses technology that requires adaptation of lecturers, both inside and outside the classroom. Pre-class learning material is one of the features of the flipped classroom model. It provides basic concepts for problem solving in small group discussion in classroom. Podcasts for this educational purpose are a recent technology and their innovative characteristics require deeper understanding in terms of their influence and usability. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive and quantitative study. SETTING AND POPULATION: A workshop on the production of educational podcasts was offered to 23 lecturers on the Nursing course. METHODS: Data were collected in the second semester of 2021 and the quality analysis was based on criteria available in the literature. RESULTS: Eighteen professors (78 %) participated in the study and 46 podcasts were produced. Most professors being nurses (61 %), followed by biologists (28 %). Most have a doctorate degree (72 %). These podcasts were available for a mean of five days before the classes and their mean access rate by students was 58 %. There was no correlation between the access rate and the period of availability before the relative class. Most podcasts were informative (100 %) and monologues (98 %). The average duration was 6.2 min, which is within the ideal duration recommended in the literature. All of the podcasts included a description of the learning objectives at the beginning and most of them also included a closing message at the end. CONCLUSION: The nursing lecturers were able to produce their podcasts, which met quality criteria and reached the standards suggested by experts in the field.

Personal protective equipment simulation training is associated with lower COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the personal protective equipment training strategies during the beginning of the pandemic and to investigate the association between training and COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted between March and May 2020 included 7,142 healthcare professionals who were eligible for both online and face-to-face simulation-based training on personal protective equipment use. Simulation training attendance was assessed by reviewing the attendance list, and the COVID-19 sick leave records recovered from the institutional RT-PCR database used to grant sick leave. The association between personal protective equipment training and COVID-19 was investigated using logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and occupational characteristics. RESULTS: The mean age was 36.9 years (± 8.3), and 72.6% of participants were female. A total of 5,502 (77.0%) professionals were trained: 3,012 (54.7%) through online training, 691 (12.6%) through face-to-face training, and 1,799 (32.7%) through both strategies. During the study period, 584 (8.2%) COVID-19 cases were diagnosed among these professionals. The number of positive RT-PCR tests was 180 (11.0%) for untrained professionals, 245 (8.1%) for those trained only online, 35 (5.1%) for those trained face-to-face, and 124 (6.9%) for those trained with both strategies (p<0.001). Participants who received face-to-face training had a 0.43 lower risk of contracting COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Personal protective equipment training decreased the odds of COVID-19 among healthcare professionals, with face-to-face simulation-based training being most effective.

Neurobrucellosis Mimicking Primary CNS Vasculitis-Should We Perform CSF Metagenomics Before Brain Biopsy?: A Case Report.

Objective: To report a patient with neurobrucellosis mimicking primary CNS vasculitis (PCNSV) diagnosed by CSF metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Methods: A 32-year-old male patient with a prior stroke developed headache, dizziness, fever, and memory complaints in the past 30 days. Physical examination was unremarkable except for slight apathy. He was investigated with brain MRI, cerebral digital angiography, CSF analysis with mNGS, and brain biopsy. Results: An examination of the brain MRI showed a left nucleocapsular gliosis compatible with prior stroke; MR angiogram showed circular enhancement of distal branches of the middle cerebral arteries. Digital angiogram revealed stenosis of intracranial carotid arteries and the left middle cerebral artery. The CSF disclosed 42 cells/mm3, 46 mg/dL of glucose, and 82 mg/dL of protein. Brain biopsy showed a chronic leptomeningeal inflammatory process, not fulfilling criteria for PCNSV. mNGS revealed the presence of Brucella sp. genetic material. He was treated with antibiotics with full remission of systemic and neurologic symptoms. Discussion: Brucellosis is an endemic disease in developing countries and may mimic PCNSV. Our patient fulfilled the criteria for possible PCNSV; however, brain biopsy was inconsistent with PCNSV, and CSF mNGS disclosed neurobrucellosis. This case illustrates the importance of CSF mNGS in the differential diagnosis of CNS vasculitis.

1H NMR-based metabolic profile and chemometric analysis for the discrimination of Passiflora species genotypic variations.

The species of the genus Passiflora (Passifloraceae family) have been used as food, cosmetic and traditional herbal. As a result, the Passiflora species are widely cultivated and has an economic, medicinal and ornamental importance. The popular designation as "passion fruit" and chemical profile of several Passiflora species remains unknown. The lack of chemical information contributes to the erroneous classification and adulteration. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the bioactivity and phytochemical profiles of several Passiflora species extracts. In this research, 1H NMR-based metabolic profiling coupled with chemometric tools was used to characterize and distinguish extracts obtained from different wild Passiflora species (P. alata, P. cincinnata, and P. setacea) and genetic varieties (P. alata var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado, P. cincinnata var. BRS Sertão Forte, and P. setacea var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado). Fourteen metabolites were identified by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, highlighting the presence of fatty acids, carbohydrates, saponins, alkaloids, and mainly C-glycosidic flavones. Principal components analysis (PCA) allowed discrimination of Passiflora extracts, which the quadranguloside, oleanolic acid-3-sophoroside, α-glucose, ß-glucose, and vitexin-2-O"-rhamnoside were relevant in the differentiation of P. alata and P. alata var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado, while the flavones isovitexin and isovitexin-2-O"-xyloside were dominant in the grouping of P. setacea and P. setacea var. BRS Pérola do Cerrado, and finally P. cincinnata and P. cincinnata var. BRS Sertão Forte grouped by the influence of the fatty acids, sucrose, flavones (isoorientin and vitexin-2-O"-xyloside), and trigonelline. The varieties of P. setacea, and P. cincinnata are chemically equivalent to the original Passiflora species. However, the PCA analysis showed that the genetic variety of P. alata occupied a different position in the scores plot provoked mainly by the presence of oleanolic acid-3-sophoroside. The 1H NMR metabolic profile can be efficient for quality control evaluation, and can contribute to the investigation of new alternatives for official Passiflora herbal medicines.

New ent-kaurene-type nor-diterpene and other compounds isolated from Annona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae).

A new nor-ent-kaurene diterpene and ten other compounds were isolated from Annona vepretorum stems, including four kaurene diterpenes, three alkamides, one sesquiterpene and two steroids. Their chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods, including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HRESIMS. The absolute configuration of compounds 1, 5, 8, 9 and 10 was confirmed by CD experiments. Compounds 1-5 and 8-10 were evaluated for cytotoxic activity using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MTT method, against three human carcinoma cell lines: human colon (HCT-116), glioblastoma (SF295) and prostate (PC3). However, all isolated compounds exhibited low cytotoxic activity.

A novel eudesmol derivative from the leaf essential oil of Guatteria friesiana (Annonaceae) and evaluation of the antinociceptive activity.

In the present study, it was evaluated the chemical composition and the antinociceptive activity of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Guatteria friesiana. Seven compounds corresponding to 96.2% of the crude essential oil were identified. The main components identified were the mixture of ß-eudesmol and α-eudesmol (58.1%), and γ-eudesmol (16.8%). A new α-eudesmol derivative, named 5-hydroxy-α-eudesmol, was isolated together with the known compounds ß-eudesmol and a mixture of α-eudesmol, ß-eudesmol and γ-eudesmol of the essential oil. The chemical structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, and MS experiments. Essential oil has significant antinociceptive properties, which are related probably with the involvement of the opioid receptors and K+-ATP channels.

Hypolipidemic potential and safety profile of the ethanolic extract and flour of the peel of Passiflora Cincinnata Mast. (Passifloraceae) in mice.

Passiflora cincinnata Mast. is described as a native Caatinga species, used by nutritional and medicinal purposes, although there are still few studies and pharmacological data related to this species. This paper aims to evaluate the safety profile and hypolipidemic potential of the fruit peel of this species in mice. It was analyzed the chemical composition of ethanolic extract (EtOH-Pc) by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, and the organic and inorganic composition of flour (MF-Pc). Also were evaluated the acute toxicity, the lipid-lowering potential of these samples, through of a pretreatment (oral: 100 and 200 mg/kg), and a single treatment with the same doses, after hyperlipidemic induction with triton WR-1339, using as animal model Swiss Mus musculus mice, besides histopathological analysis. The presence of flavonoids in the extract was confirmed, mainly C-glycosides, and antioxidant minerals and pectin, in flour. No clinical signs of toxicity or death were reported in the study. In the hyperlipidemia study model used, the analyzed substances, at all doses, notably decreased the lipid levels of TC, TG, LDL-c and VLDL-c and increase the HDL-c levels in the induced hyperlipidemic mice (p < 0.05). The results of the histopathological analysis showed that in the group only induced was identified the discrete presence of hepatic steatosis, in 2 animals at the analysis of 24 h, not being visualized in the groups treated with the substances evaluated. The results obtained in the present study suggest a hypolipidemic potential of the extract and flour, obtained from the fruit peel of Passiflora cincinnata Mast.

1H HR-MAS NMR chemical profile and chemometric analysis as a tool for quality control of different cultivars of green tea (Camellia sinensis).

Green tea is a product obtained from the processing of fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze species. In this study, the influence of climatic parameters on the chemical composition of green tea cultivars ('Yabukita' and 'Yutakamidori') over the harvest was evaluated using HR-MAS NMR. 'Yabukita' showed higher concentrations of epicatechin while higher amounts of theanine and caffeine were found in 'Yutakamidori'. The decline of theanine was associated with high average maximum temperature and solar radiation index, this latter also seemed to be responsible for relevant changes in epicatechin concentrations. It was not possible to associate any trend between climatic parameters and caffeine concentration. Fluctuations in linolenic acid concentration were monitored during the harvest period and were associated with the plant's defense mechanism. Monitoring of green tea over seasons and correlating the fluctuations of compounds to climatic parameters might become an efficient strategy for establishing quality standards for green teas.

Hydroalcoholic Extract of Encholirium spectabile Mart. (Bromeliaceae) in O/W Emulsions as an Additive against the UVB Radiation.

The use of sunscreen is one of the photoprotection measures most used by the population, so these products must offer broad-spectrum protection against UVA and UVB radiation. Encholirium spectabile, popularly known as "macambira-de-flecha," is a species characterized by its rocky outcrops and found in the Caatinga. This biome is known for extreme droughts and dry periods, and for this reason, its vegetation needed to develop resistance mechanisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of E. spectabile incorporated in O/W emulsion as a potential photoprotective agent and their antioxidant activity. Four chemical constituents (ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and apigenin) were identified by HPLC-DAD analysis, and emulsions containing different concentrations (1%, 2.5% and 5%) of the extract without and with the addition of chemical filters (octyl methoxycinnamate and benzophenone-3) were prepared and submitted to the test of preliminary stability. The Q formulation demonstrated little variation in the preliminary stability test and was selected for estimated your protection against UVB and determination of in vitro protection factor UVA. The formulations remained stable during the freeze-thaw cycle; the extract despite maintaining the UVA-PF and decreasing the wavelength showed an increase in FPS from 14.4 (control) to 18.8 (control+ Es-HA80).

Personal protective equipment simulation training is associated with lower COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the personal protective equipment training strategies during the beginning of the pandemic and to investigate the association between training and COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers. Methods This cross-sectional study conducted between March and May 2020 included 7,142 healthcare professionals who were eligible for both online and face-to-face simulation-based training on personal protective equipment use. Simulation training attendance was assessed by reviewing the attendance list, and the COVID-19 sick leave records recovered from the institutional RT-PCR database used to grant sick leave. The association between personal protective equipment training and COVID-19 was investigated using logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and occupational characteristics. Results The mean age was 36.9 years (± 8.3), and 72.6% of participants were female. A total of 5,502 (77.0%) professionals were trained: 3,012 (54.7%) through online training, 691 (12.6%) through face-to-face training, and 1,799 (32.7%) through both strategies. During the study period, 584 (8.2%) COVID-19 cases were diagnosed among these professionals. The number of positive RT-PCR tests was 180 (11.0%) for untrained professionals, 245 (8.1%) for those trained only online, 35 (5.1%) for those trained face-to-face, and 124 (6.9%) for those trained with both strategies (p<0.001). Participants who received face-to-face training had a 0.43 lower risk of contracting COVID-19. Conclusion Personal protective equipment training decreased the odds of COVID-19 among healthcare professionals, with face-to-face simulation-based training being most effective.

NMR spectroscopy spotlighting immunogenicity induced by COVID-19 vaccination to mitigate future health concerns.

In this review, the disease and immunogenicity affected by COVID-19 vaccination at the metabolic level are described considering the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the analysis of different biological samples. Consistently, we explain how different biomarkers can be examined in the saliva, blood plasma/serum, bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid (BALF), semen, feces, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and breast milk. For example, the proposed approach for the given samples can allow one to detect molecular biomarkers that can be relevant to disease and/or vaccine interference in a system metabolome. The analysis of the given biomaterials by NMR often produces complex chemical data which can be elucidated by multivariate statistical tools, such as PCA and PLS-DA/OPLS-DA methods. Moreover, this approach may aid to improve strategies that can be helpful in disease control and treatment management in the future.

Genomic characterization of BKC-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain belonging to high-risk clone sequence type 11 isolated from a river in Brazil.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of healthcare-related infections, and it is widespread in hospitals and diverse environments with potentially serious public health implications. Herein, we have reported the isolation and characterization of an environmental Brazilian Klebsiella carbapenemase (BKC-1)-producing K. pneumoniae strain (IEC1205) isolated in 2018 from a river in the Amazon region, Brazil. Antimicrobial susceptibility of this strain was evaluated by broth microdilution and demonstrated resistance to several antibiotics including ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and polymyxins. It has an extensively drug-resistant phenotype. Genomic analysis revealed that IEC1205 belonged to sequence type 11, clonal complex 258 and the presence of blaBKC-1 and two other ß-lactamase-encoding genes (blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV-11). The predicted virulence was associated with biofilm formation-related genes, a type VI secretion system, siderophore production, and type I and II fimbriae formation. We have identified an IncQ1 plasmid, named pIEC1205, harboring blaBKC-1 with high similarity to previously described plasmids carrying blaBKC-1 and blaBKC-2 genes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an environmental BKC-1-producing K. pneumoniae strain.

Temporal and Spatiotemporal Arboviruses Forecasting by Machine Learning: A Systematic Review.

Arboviruses are a group of diseases that are transmitted by an arthropod vector. Since they are part of the Neglected Tropical Diseases that pose several public health challenges for countries around the world. The arboviruses' dynamics are governed by a combination of climatic, environmental, and human mobility factors. Arboviruses prediction models can be a support tool for decision-making by public health agents. In this study, we propose a systematic literature review to identify arboviruses prediction models, as well as models for their transmitter vector dynamics. To carry out this review, we searched reputable scientific bases such as IEE Xplore, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Scopus. We search for studies published between the years 2015 and 2020, using a search string. A total of 429 articles were returned, however, after filtering by exclusion and inclusion criteria, 139 were included. Through this systematic review, it was possible to identify the challenges present in the construction of arboviruses prediction models, as well as the existing gap in the construction of spatiotemporal models.