[Open injuries of the brain from the anatomo-clinical aspect]. / Otkrytye travmaticheskie povrezhdeniia golovnogo mozga v anatomo-klinicheskom aspekte.

A combined clinico-pathological and experimental investigation of the open traumatic brain lesions was performed. Clinical investigation of 266 patients is presented along with pathological findings in 9 autopsied brains of victims of craniocerebral trauma which died at different terms after the injury. Experimentally investigated were 25 cats with brain lesioned at various sites. The comparative characterization of the brain efferent systems' nervous fibers degeneration was presented and the topography of their distribution in the brainstem nuclear loci clarified. The data suggest that the state of brain conduction pathways is an important determinant of the pathogenesis of brainstem-related symptoms of acute brain hemisphere trauma.

[Anatomo-clinical aspects of traumatic spinal cord lesions]. / Anatomo-klinicheskie aspekty travmaticheskikh povrezhdenii spinnogo mozga.

A comprehensive clinical (150 patients), pathological (6 autopsied spinal cords) and experimental (17 animals) investigation of the spinal cord posttraumatic affections was conducted. The afferent and efferent spinal nerve fibers degeneration was compared and its spatial distribution assessed. Transsynaptic and immediate connections between spinal structures and cranial nerve nuclei are shown to be the major determinants of the intercentral integration and CNS plasticity.

[Descending pathways of the cerebral cortex to nuclear structures of the extrapyramidal system]. / O niskhodiashchikh putiakh kory golovnogo mozga k iadernym obrazovaniem ékstrapiramidnoi sistemy.

The connections of the neocortical structures in animal and human brains with the complex of nuclear formations of the extrapyramidal system have been studied. The authors present comparative characteristics and distribution of these connections in the nuclear and other formations of the extrapyramidal system. Both mediator (via the thalamus) and direct cortical projections toward the nuclei of the extrapyramidal system in primates, especially in humans, have been found to increase. It has been shown that the frontal cortex has closer connections with the complex of the extrapyramidal nuclei as compared with other brain lobes.

[Various anatomic and clinical features of traumatic lesions of the spinal cord]. / Nekotorye anatomicheskie i klinicheskie osobennosti travmaticheskikh povrezhdenii spinnogo mozga.

Results of a pathomorphological, experimental and clinical study designed to ascertain morphological changes associated with impairment of vital visceral functions following spinal cord trauma are presented. Clinical manifestations of such disorders were studied in 127 patients with complicated vertebral fractures. Further investigations involved postmortem examination of the brain of four patients with complete anatomical rupture of the spinal cord at the level of CV, CVI, and LI segments as well as the brain of 18 mature cats with various types of spinal cord resection which were treated by silver impregnation according to Bilshovsky, Naute with the final staining of the nuclear structures according to Kawamura-Niimy. Widespread degenerative changes in the ascending conduction tracts of the spinal cord leading to the structures of the cerebral trunk were revealed. Disruptions of respiratory and cardiovascular activities secondary to complete traumatic rupture of the lower cervical segments of the spinal cord appear to be caused by impaired conduction along the ascending tracts of the spinal cord leading to the nuclei of the reticular formation of the cerebral trunk, mainly those of giant and small cells, nuclei of the vagus nerve (dorsal one and that of the solitary tract), locus coeruleus, mesencephalic nuclei of the trigeminal nerve and a number of other structures of the cerebral trunk.

[Condition of interocortical connections in cranio-cerebral injuries with inferior parietal lobe lesions]. / Sostoianie mezhkorkovykh sviazei pri cherepno-mozovoi travme s porazheniem nizhnei temennoi doli.

The intercortical pathways and the clinical picture of the condition developing after an injury of the parietal lobe of the human brain were studied pathomorphologically (10 cases) and clinically (103 observations). It was shown that in cases of injury of the lower parietal region there developed a degeneration of the nervous fibres in various areas of the cortex of both the ipsi- and the contralateral hemisphere. Certain regularities of the distribution of the degenerated nervous fibres among the cortex areas were revealed, and their topics in various parts of a groove shown. The changes in the nervous conductors that maintain the intercortical connections reflect a structural reconstitution of the nervous elements and point to development of the pathological process that leads to functional disturbances and appearance of cortical symptoms which arise in craniocerebral injury and are characteristic for not only the lower parietal, but also for other divisions of the brain.

[Clinical and morphologic findings in akinetic speech conditions]. / Klinicheskie i morfologicheskie dannye pri akineticheskikh sostoianiiakh rechi.

Results of clinical and psychological examinations of 10 patients with various manifestations of speech akinesia are presented. Four of these patients have developed the syndrome of akinetic mutism. An analysis of the time course of the akinetic mutism formation and a comparison of the symptoms of its initial stage with the manifestations of the speech akinesia observed in the course of stereotaxic operations performed for therapeutic purpose in 6 patients with extrapyramid system diseases allow a conclusion that there exists a common mechanism of various manifestations of speech akinesia consisting in insufficiency of motivation stimulation. Data of anatomo-histopathological examination of the brain of 2 patients who had the akinetic mutism point to a great rle of the frontal divisions of the cortex and its associative connections in the complicated, multi-level structural and functional basis of speech akinesia.