Harnessing bromide ions to boost peroxymonosulfate for reactive yellow 145 dye degradation.

Bromide (Br-) was found in the fresh waters at concentrations from 0.1 to 1 mg/L and can be used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as a widely used chemical oxidation agent. In the present study, the reaction between PMS and Br- ions (PMS/Br- process) for the effective degradation of reactive yellow 145 (RY-145) dye was investigated by changing operational parameters vis solution pH, dosage of Br- ions and PMS, RY-145 concentration, and reaction time. Based on the results, the simultaneous presence of PMS and Br- ions in the solution led to efficient degradation of RY-145 with a synergistic index of 11.89. The degradation efficiency of RY-145 was decreased in severe basic pH and the presence of CO32- ions as a coexisting anion. Likewise, 4 mg/L of humic acid (HA), used as a classic scavenger, led to a 26.53% decrease in the RY-145 degradation efficiency. The free bromine (HOBr/OBr-), superoxide radical (●O2-), and singlet oxygen (1O2) was the dominant oxidation agents in RY-145 degradation, which confirmed the nonradical degradation pathway. In addition, PMS/Br- process showed excellent ability in mineralizing RY-145 in different aqueous solutions (total organic carbon (TOC) decreased 86.39% in deionized water and 78.23% in tap water). Although pollutants such as azo dyes can be effectively removed in the PMS/Br- process, the formation of byproducts should be strategically controlled and special attention should be paid when the PMS-based advance oxidation process is applied to treat Br- containing solutions.

11-Year Trend of Mortality from Fatal Road Traffic Injuries in The Center of Iran; a Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are one of the major health problems in developed and developing countries. In Iran, RTIs are the first leading cause of years of life lost (YLL). So, the present study investigated the 11-year trend of RTI- related mortalities in Iran. Methods: This study was a population-based cross-sectional study. All-cause deaths as well as RTI-related mortalities' data were collected from the Civil Registration Organization (CRO) and Legal medical organization (LMO) of Isfahan during 2011-2021. The mid-year population, number of deaths due to RTIs, the crude and age-standardized mortality (per 100,000) of RTIs, and the percentage of proportional mortality by sex and year of accident during the study period were calculated and reported. Also, trend analysis was done using join point regression program. Results: During the study period, 11,248 deaths occurred due to RTIs in Isfahan province. 8,894 cases were male (79.03%), the highest number of deaths in both male and female cases was reported in those aged 15-39 years. Among the males, trend of standardized mortality in 2011-2015 was decreasing (annual percentage changes = -6.76(CI 95%: -2.53, -15.03)), while in 2015-2021 it was increasing (annual percentage changes = 3.00 (CI 95%: 0.63, 9.87)). However, no significant trend was observed among females. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the number and standardized mortality rate of RTIs decreased during the 11-year period. It seems that applying stricter policies, improving the quality of the roads of the province, improving the quality of cars, and increasing the number of hospital and pre-hospital medical facilities can play an effective role in reducing RTIs.

Ecotoxicological and human health risk assessment of triclosan antibacterial agent from municipal wastewater treatment plants.

In this study, the occurrence and environmental risks related to triclosan (TCS) in the two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated in Isfahan, Iran. Influent and effluent samples were collected and analyzed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME)-GC-MS method with derivatization. Moreover, the risk of TCS exposure was conducted for aquatic organisms (algae, crustaceans, and fishes) and humans (males and females). TCS mean concentrations in influent and effluent of WWTPs were in the range of 3.70-52.99 and 0.83-1.09 µg/L, respectively. There were also no differences in the quantity of TCS and physicochemical parameters among the two WWTPs. The mean risk quotient (RQ) for TCS was higher than 1 (in algae) with dilution factors (DFs) equal to 1 in WWTP1. Moreover, the RQ value was higher than 1 for humans based on the reference dose of MDH (RFDMDH) in WWTP1. Furthermore, TCS concentration in wastewater effluent was the influential factor in varying the risk of TCS exposure. The results of the present study showed the risk of TCS exposure from the discharge of effluent of WWTP1 was higher than WWTP2. Moreover, the results of this study may be suitable for promoting WWTP processes to completely remove micropollutants.

Prediction of atmospheric PM2.5 level by machine learning techniques in Isfahan, Iran.

With increasing levels of air pollution, air quality prediction has attracted more attention. Mathematical models are being developed by researchers to achieve precise predictions. Monitoring and prediction of atmospheric PM2.5 levels, as a predominant pollutant, is essential in emission mitigation programs. In this study, meteorological datasets from 9 years in Isfahan city, a large metropolis of Iran, were applied to predict the PM2.5 levels, using four machine learning algorithms including Artificial Neural |Networks (ANNs), K-Nearest-Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector |Machines (SVMs) and ensembles of classification trees Random Forest (RF). The data from 7 air quality monitoring stations located in Isfahan City were taken into consideration. The Confusion Matrix and Cross-Entropy Loss were used to analyze the performance of classification models. Several parameters, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score, precision, and the area under the curve (AUC), are computed to assess model performance. Finally, by introducing the predicted data for 2020 into ArcGIS software and using the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) method, interpolation was conducted for the area of Isfahan city and the pollution map was illustrated for each month of the year. The results showed that, based on the accuracy percentage, the ANN model has a better performance (90.1%) in predicting PM2.5 grades compared to the other models for the applied meteorological dataset, followed by RF (86.1%), SVM (84.6%) and KNN (82.2%) models, respectively. Therefore, ANN modelling provides a feasible procedure for the managerial planning of air pollution control.

Potential role of serum vitamin D as a risk factor in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (VDD, VDI) is common in children yet limited experience exists on the association of VDD and hematologic malignancies amongst this population. Therefore, this study aimed to compare serum vitamin D levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and controls. Moreover, vitamin D levels is compared in subjects with and without relapse and evaluated as a prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (RFS). Children with newly diagnosed ALL were recruited as case group. Data on demographic variables as well as the dietary habits were collected by interview. In addition, serum 25(OH)D3 was measured. The case group was followed up for 36 months to assess RFS. Overall, 358 subjects were included in the study (n = 169 cases, n = 189 controls). The mean levels of 25(OH)D3 were 28.05 ± 18.87 and 28.76 ± 12.99 in cases and controls, respectively (p = .68). VDD was found in 15.4% (n = 26) and 4.2% (n = 8) of the case and control groups, respectively (p < .001). Relapse was seen in 18.34% of patients and vitamin D levels of 20 ng/mL or above were associated with longer RFS (p = .044 by log-rank test). In this study, VDD and VDI amongst children with ALL were significantly higher than controls. In addition, lower levels of Vitamin D were associated with increased risk of relapse.

Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Acute Leukemia: Methodology and Early Findings.

Background: Acute leukemia is the most common type of malignancy in children, and no major environmental risk factors have been identified relating to its pathogenesis. This study has been conducted with the aim for identifying risk factors associated with this disease. Methods: This study was conducted in 2016-2020 among children aged <15 years residing in Isfahan Province, Iran. Children with newly diagnosed Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, including Acute myeloid leukemia (ALL and AML) were considered a case group. The control group was selected among children hospitalized in orthopedic and surgery wards in the same region. Demographic data, parental occupational exposures and educational level, maternal obstetric history, type of feeding during infancy and parental smoking habits, exposure to pesticides, and hydrocarbons besides dietary habits (using a food frequency questionnaire) were evaluated. Results: Overall, 497 children (195 cases and 302 controls) completed the survey. In the initial analysis, there was no significant difference between case and control groups about type of milk feeding (P = 0.34) or parental age (P = 0.56); however, an association between mothers' education and increased risk for ALL was observed (P = 0.02). Conclusions: The results of this study can be helpful in better understanding the environmental risk factors involved in the incidence of acute leukemia. Future publications based on the analysis of the database created in the present study can lead to recognizing these factors. In addition, evaluating the effect of these factors on treatment outcomes is an important step in reducing the burden of the disease.

Human health risk assessment of Triclosan in water: spatial analysis of a drinking water system.

Triclosan (TCS) has been increased in the water during the COVID-19 pandemic because it cannot remove by conventional water treatment. In addition, it can accumulate in the human body over time through long-term exposure. Therefore, the occurrence of TCS in the water treatment plant (WTP) and tap water, and its human health risk assessment through tap water ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation routes in Isfahan, Iran, were investigated. Moreover, spatial regression methods were used for the prediction of water quality parameters, TCS concentration, and total hazard quotient (HQ). The average TCS concentration in the influent and effluent of WTP and tap water was 1.6, 1.4, and 0.4 µg/L, respectively. Conventional WTP has low efficiency in the removal of TCS (12.6%) from water. The average values of total HQ for males were 7.79×10-5, 4.97×10-4, and 4.97×10-5 and for females were 3.31×10-5, 2.11×10-4, and 2.11×10-5 based on RfDEPA, RfDMDH, and RfDRodricks, respectively that were in the low-risk levels (HQ<1). Furthermore, TCS concentration in tap water and the ingestion rate of drinking water had the highest effect on the risk of TCS exposure from tap water. The non-carcinogenic health risk of TCS in water was low. The results of this study may be useful for promoting WTP processes to remove emerging pollutants.

Health risk assessment of exposure to triclosan in pregnant women using Monte Carlo simulation techniques: based on biomonitoring data.

This study aimed to assess the triclosan (TCS) health risk in an Iranian pregnant women sample by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The urinary TCS of 99 women after the 28th week of pregnancy was detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry detector (GC/MS), and the MCS model implemented a health risk assessment. The corresponding hazard quotient (HQ) and the sensitivity analysis were calculated. TCS was measured in 100% of the urine samples with a median concentration of 2.89 µg/L. The median of HQ was obtained at 1.93 × 10-4. The TCS exposure risk in the studied population was lower than the allowable limit. A comparison between HQ values in the two weight subgroups of pregnant women showed that the risk level is almost equal, and there was minimal health risk in pregnant women from exposure to TCS.

What are the Effects of Climate Variables on COVID-19 Pandemic? A Systematic Review and Current Update.

The climatological parameters can be different in various geographical locations. Moreover, they have possible impacts on COVID-19 incidence. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review article was to describe the effects of climatic variables on COVID-19 pandemic in different countries. Systematic literature search was performed in Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and PubMed databases using ("Climate" OR "Climate Change" OR "Global Warming" OR "Global Climate Change" OR "Meteorological Parameters" OR "Temperature" OR "Precipitation" OR "Relative Humidity" OR "Wind Speed" OR "Sunshine" OR "Climate Extremes" OR "Weather Extremes") AND ("COVID" OR "Coronavirus disease 2019" OR "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "Novel Coronavirus") keywords. From 5229 articles, 424 were screened and 149 were selected for further analysis. The relationship between meteorological parameters is variable in different geographical locations. The results indicate that among the climatic indicators, the temperature is the most significant factor that influences on COVID-19 pandemic in most countries. Some studies were proved that warm and wet climates can decrease COVID-19 incidence; however, the other studies represented that warm location can be a high risk of COVID-19 incidence. It could be suggested that all climate variables such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, precipitation, solar radiation, ultraviolet index, and wind speed could cause spread of COVID-19. Thus, it is recommended that future studies will survey the role of all meteorological variables and interaction between them on COVID-19 spread in specific small areas such as cities of each country and comparison between them.

Hydrothermally improved natural manganese-containing catalytic materials to degrade 4-chlorophenol.

Natural manganese-containing mineral (NMM) was used as a catalyst in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation for 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) degradation. The surface and structural properties of NMM were modified by the hydrothermal aging process and called H-NMM. The catalytic activity of NMM and H-NMM were evaluated for the catalytic ozonation process (COP). The synergistic effect of NMM and H-NMM in ozonation processes for 4-CP degradation under optimal conditions (pH of 7, 1 g/L of NMM and H-NMM, 0.85 mg/min of O3, and 15 min of reaction time) was measured by 3.04 and 4.34, respectively. During the hydrothermal process, Mn4+ and Fe2+ were converted to Mn2+ and Fe3+, which caused better performance of the H-NMM than the NMM. During the catalytic ozonation process, Mn2+ is completely oxidized, which increases the production of Hydroxyl radical (•OH). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the system were identified using radical scavenging experiments. •OH, superoxide radical (•O2-), and singlet oxygen (1O2) represented the dominant reactive species for 4-CP degradation. The O3/H-NMM process indicated a powerful ability in the mineralization of 4-CP (66.31% of TOC degradation). H-NMM exhibited excellent stability and reusability in consecutive catalytic cycles, and the NMM exhibited desirable performance. This study offers NMM and H-NMM as effective, stable, and competitive catalysts for hastening and enhancing the ozonation process to mitigate environmentally related pollutants of high concern.

Direct growth of nano-worm-like Cu2S on copper mesh as a hierarchical 3D catalyst for Fenton-like degradation of an imidazolium room-temperature ionic liquid in water.

The increasing consumption of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) inevitably releases RTILs into the water environment, posing serious threats to aquatic ecology due to the toxicities of RTILs. Thus, urgent needs are necessitated for developing useful processes for removing RTILs from water, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C4mimCl), the most common RTIL, would be the most representative RTIL for studying the removal of RTILs from water. As advanced oxidation processes with hydrogen peroxide (HP) are validated as useful approaches for eliminating emerging contaminants, developing advantageous heterogeneous catalysts for activating HP is the key to the successful degradation of C4mim. Herein, a hierarchical structure is fabricated by growing Cu2S on copper mesh (CSCM) utilizing CM as a Cu source. Compared to its precursor, CuO@CM, this CSCM exhibited tremendously higher catalytic activity for catalyzing HP to degrade C4mim efficiently because CSCM exhibits much more superior electrochemical properties and reactive sites, allowing CSCM to degrade C4mim rapidly. CSCM also exhibits a smaller Ea of C4mim elimination than all values in the literature. CSCM also shows a high capacity and stability for activating HP to degrade C4mim in the presence of NaCl and seawater. Besides, the mechanistic investigation of C4mim elimination by CSCM-activated HP has also been clarified and ascribed to OH and 1O2. The elimination route could also be examined and disclosed in detail through the quantum computational chemistry, confirming that CSCM is a useful catalyst for catalyzing HP to degrade RTILs.

Modulating Direct Growth of Copper Cobaltite Nanostructure on Copper Mesh as a Hierarchical Catalyst of Oxone Activation for Efficient Elimination of Azo Toxicant.

As cobalt (Co) has been the most useful element for activating Oxone to generate SO4•-, this study aims to develop a hierarchical catalyst with nanoscale functionality and macroscale convenience by decorating nanoscale Co-based oxides on macroscale supports. Specifically, a facile protocol is proposed by utilizing Cu mesh itself as a Cu source for fabricating CuCo2O4 on Cu mesh. By changing the dosages of the Co precursor and carbamide, various nanostructures of CuCo2O4 grown on a Cu mesh can be afforded, including nanoscale needles, flowers, and sheets. Even though the Cu mesh itself can be also transformed to a Cu-Oxide mesh, the growth of CuCo2O4 on the Cu mesh significantly improves its physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties, making these CuCo2O4@Cu meshes much more superior catalysts for activating Oxone to degrade the Azo toxicant, Acid Red 27. More interestingly, the flower-like CuCo2O4@Cu mesh exhibits a higher specific surface area and more superior electrochemical performance, enabling the flower-like CuCo2O4@Cu mesh to show the highest catalytic activity for Oxone activation to degrade Acid Red 27. The flower-like CuCo2O4@Cu mesh also exhibits a much lower Ea of Acid Red 27 degradation than the reported catalysts. These results demonstrate that CuCo2O4@Cu meshes are advantageous heterogeneous catalysts for Oxone activation, and especially, the flower-like CuCo2O4@Cu mesh appears as the most effective CuCo2O4@Cu mesh to eliminate the toxic Acid Red 27.

Effect of Maternal Triclosan Exposure on Neonatal Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: This study is aimed at assessing the relationship between maternal urinary triclosan (uTCS) exposure and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level of infant cord blood. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019-2020 in Isfahan, Iran, and 99 pregnant women participated in the study. Urine samples were collected after the 28th week of pregnancy, and the concentration of TCS was measured using GC/MS. The cord blood levels of TSH (CBL-TSH) were measured. The association between uTCS and CBL-TSH was examined based on the general linear model. Results: TCS was detected (≥0.01 ng/mL) in 100% of the urine samples, with the interquartile range (25%-75%) of uTCS levels 0.6-6.23 µg/g Cr. uTCS was not associated with CBL-TSH after adjustment for covariates. A significant relationship was observed between CBL-TSH of neonates born to mothers who had given birth only once compared to mothers who had given birth twice or more times. Conclusions: Maternal exposure to TCS did not affect the infant CBL-TSH. However, the high concentrations of TCS in maternal urinary samples indicate the necessity of more precise regulations to decrease the use of this chemical in the industry and increase public awareness about using TCS-free compounds.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Based on Climate Regions in Iran (1998-2021): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Climate change can facilitate the expansion of leishmaniasis and create the suitable habitat for vector and reservoir species. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) at the climatic regions of Iran. Materials and Methods: The literature search was conducted to identify all published studies reporting the prevalence or incidence of CL in humans in Iran. A total of 350 articles that reported leishmaniasis in Iran were retrieved, due to eligibility criteria, only 42 studies were selected to the final systematic review and meta-analysis procedure. Random effects meta-analysis was done with the estimate of heterogeneity being taken from an inverse-variance model. Subgroup analysis was conducted and it stratified the studies according to climatic regions. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by using I 2 and Cochran's Q method I 2 value of heterogeneity. Meta regression was used to investigate factors potentially contributed the between-study heterogeneity. Results: Individual studies showed that prevalence per 100,000 population estimated the range from 1.5 to 318.7 with the overall random pooled prevalence of 83.3 (95% confidence interval 74.5-92.1). Subgroup analysis by climatic regions showed that many studies were conducted in the desert areas and also, it has more prevalent than the other climatic regions. Conclusions: Leishmaniasis was more prevalent in regions with dry and desert climates than the other climatic regions. One of the advantages of this work is that the majority of selected studies have been conducted on population-base. However, some of the studies have been designed poorly or have had a lack of internal validity.

A heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate catalyst built by Fe-based metal-organic framework for the dye degradation.

The regulatory control on dyes is an important issue, as their discharge into the environment can pose significant risks to human health. MIL-101(Fe) prepared by a solvothermal method was used as a catalyst to generate sulfate (SO4•-) and hydroxyl (HO•) radicals from peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the treatment of orange G (OG). The structural properties of MIL-101(Fe) were assessed by a number of characterization approaches (e.g., Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). The factors controlling the removal of OG were explored by a response surface methodology with central composite design (RSM-CCD) plus adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The synthetized MIL-101(Fe) had uniform octahedral nanocrystals with rough surfaces and porous structures. The maximum catalytic removal efficiency of OG with MIL-101(Fe)/PMS process was 74% (the final concentration of Fe2+ as 0.19 mg/L and reaction rate of 434.2 µmol/g/h). The catalytic removal of OG could be defined by the non-linear kinetic models based on RSM. The OG removal efficiency declined noticeably with the addition of radical scavengers such as ethanol (EtOH) and tert-butanol (TBA) along with some mineral anions. Accordingly, MIL-101(Fe)/PMS is identified as an effective remediation option for the dyes based on advanced oxidation process (AOPs) based on high treatment efficiency at low dosage of low cost catalyst.

Spatiotemporal analysis of COVID-19, air pollution, climate, and meteorological conditions in a metropolitan region of Iran.

The COVID-19 pandemic has a close relationship with local environmental conditions. This study explores the effects of climate characteristics and air pollution on COVID-19 in Isfahan province, Iran. A number of COVID-19 positive cases, main air pollutants, air quality index (AQI), and climatic variables were received from March 1, 2020, to January 19, 2021. Moreover, CO, NO2, and O3 tropospheric levels were collected using Sentinel-5P satellite data. The spatial distribution of variables was estimated by the ordinary Kriging and inverse weighted distance (IDW) models. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to analyze the relationship between environmental variables and COVID-19. The seasonal trend of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), wind speed, solar energy, and rainfall like COVID-19 was upward in spring and summer. The high and low temperatures increased from April to August. All variables had a spatial autocorrelation and clustered pattern except AQI. Furthermore, COVID-19 showed a significant association with month, climate, solar energy, and NO2. Suitable policy implications are recommended to be performed for improving people's healthcare and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study could survey the local spread of COVID-19, with consideration of the effect of environmental variables, and provides helpful information to health ministry decisions for mitigating harmful effects of environmental change. By means of the proposed approach, probably the COVID-19 spread can be recognized by knowing the regional climate in major cities. The present study also finds that COVID-19 may have an effect on climatic condition and air pollutants.

Comparative health risk assessment of nitrate in drinking groundwater resources of urban and rural regions (Isfahan, Iran), using GIS.

Infantile methemoglobinemia, thyroid disorders, and probably some carcinogenic effects are health concerns associated with dietary nitrate. Isfahan province has a dry and semi-arid desert climate such that the main source of various applications in this province is groundwater resources. This study evaluated spatial analysis of the groundwater NO3- concentrations and its possible health risk to residents. Method 8171 Hach was used for nitrate measurement of 1319 groundwater samples from March 2018 to February 2019. Non-carcinogenic risk due to NO3- exposure through consumption of drinking water was assessed, and the associated zoning maps were presented using geographic information system (GIS). Nitrate concentrations in the rural and urban areas were within 0.4-137 mg/L NO3- and 2.9-209 mg/L NO3-, respectively. Also, 226 (25%) and 104 (24%) of samples in the rural and urban areas, respectively, were detected above the Iran and WHO guideline NO3- values of 50 mg/L. The highest levels of NO3-, which were found in the western and central groundwater resources, occurred in the agricultural and residential areas. The NO3- concentrations were higher in urban than rural areas in the many studied counties. Also, nitrate was higher in wet seasons than in dry ones. Infants' non-carcinogenic risks were higher than the other groups. Infants (HQ > 1) were the most vulnerable group compared with the other groups in some counties. Thus, there are potential risks of methemoglobinemia, especially for infants. It is critical to adopt specific strategies to reduce the nitrate concentration in the studied groundwater.

Application of UV/chlorine processes for the DR83:1 degradation from wastewater: Effect of coexisting anions.

In the present work, effect of coexisting anions on the degradation performance of UV/chlorine (UV/Cl) processes as an advanced oxidation treatment for the dye containing wastewater was investigated. The results showed that by increasing pH of the solution from 3 to 11, degradation efficiency of UV/Cl process was reduced from 96.2 ± 1.4% to 62.9 ± 3.1%. In the case of 100 mg/L of DR83:1, the removal efficiency was improved from 30.2 ± 1.5% to 93.3 ± 4.7% when the chlorine dose was increased from 100 to 1000 µM. The HCO3- and Br- ions were the main inhibitor and promotor anions responsible for the degradation of DR83:1. The relative contribution of Cl• was higher than that for HO• and UV, which was about three-times higher than that for HO•. The lowest and highest amounts of trihalomethanes were generated at acidic and alkaline conditions as well as low disinfection by products at low pH due to the generation of more HO• radicals at acidic pH in comparison to higher pH such that less intermediates were remained to react with chlorine.

GIS-based risk mapping of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a survey in an endemic area of Central Iran.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne infectious disease that is affected by various environmental agents. The main objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of CL incidence by using Geographical Information System (GIS). This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted during 5 years from 2014 to 2018 in Isfahan, Iran. We used the required data on each leishmaniasis patient that were recorded from 44 counties of Isfahan in the databases and archive of the Provincial Health Centre. We used GIS for determining the incidence of CL in the high-risk foci. Moran index was used to identify high risk points (clustering in similar values) compared to the values of neighborhood points. Hot spot analysis was conducted by Getis-Ord-Gi. The highest incidence of the disease occurred in the age group of 18-64 years and 61.6% of patients were male. According to seasonal distribution, autumn (58.6%) had the highest frequency. Time trend of incidence showed that it had both decreasing and increasing, and there was a sudden upward trend of disease in 2018 except only two counties. The hot spots were involved the central areas of the Isfahan province slightly toward to the north and southeast of the province. Moran index showed that the differences for all points were not significant (p-value>0.05). Varzaneh (placed in southeast of Isfahan) was the hottest spot and had the worst position for leishmaniasis compared to all years and all cities.

Experimental data on the removal of acid orange 10 dye from aqueous solutions using TiO2/Na-Y zeolite and BiVO4/Na-Y zeolite nanostructures: A comparison study.

The increase of textile factories, along with the continuous development of industrialization has led to excessive discharge of high toxicity wastewater along with a diverse range of contaminants in wastewater. In this regard, to reduce their operating costs and treatment time, in this work, two synthesized nanostructures, TiO2/Na-Y zeolite and BiVO4/Na-Y zeolite was compared to remove acid orange 10 (AO10) from the aqueous solutions. The obtained optimum operating conditions including initial dye concentration, initial pH, contact time, catalyst dosage and AO10 removal efficiency were 20 mg/L, 3, 7 min, 0.2 g/100 mL, and 99.77% for TiO2/Na-Y zeolite and 20 mg/L, 3, 200 min, 0.2 g/100 mL and 46.13% for BiVO4/Na-Y zeolite composite, respectively. The structural characteristics of the synthetized materials were also determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).