Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Nursing Students Working in the Internal Medicine Clinic.

Objective  The objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among nursing students working in the internal medicine clinic of our hospital. Methods The study was designed as a prospective cohort study. The study population comprised nursing students working in the internal medicine clinic of our hospital from January 1, 2016, through June 1, 2016. Data concerning the participants' anamnesis, physical examination findings, and sociodemographic characteristics were recorded. Blood samples were taken. The participants' blood parameters were evaluated for anemia. Results A total of 99 nursing students, 43 (43.4%) male and 56 (56.6%) female, were included in the study. The mean age was 17.4 ± 0.58 years for the male student group and 17.64 ± 0.73 years for the female student group. We detected ID in 22.2% of the nursing students, anemia in 8%, and IDA in 4%. ID was present in 22 (39.3%) of the female students. There was a significant difference between the male and female student groups in terms of the prevalence of ID (p < 0.001). The mean hemoglobin levels of the male and female student groups were 15.85 ± 1.10 g/dL and 12.90 ± 1.05 g/dL, respectively. Conclusion We determined that the number of students with ID was higher than the number of students with IDA. Once ID is diagnosed, it may be necessary to take precautions and treat it according to the severity of the deficiency. It is extremely important to educate nursing students and raise their awareness about ID and IDA.

The association of decreased testosterone with atherosclerosis and inflammation in male predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease / Asociación entre el descenso del nivel de testosterona y aterosclerosis e inflamación en varones con insuficiencia renal crónica prediálisis

PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency of hypogonadism and its relationship to inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in male patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: A total of 105 patients with CKD, 55 (52.4%) as stage 3, 33 (31.4%) as stage 4 and 17 (16.2%) as stage 5, were enrolled into the study. Total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and CIMT were measured. RESULTS: According to TT and FT, hypogonadism was detected in 18 (17.1%) and 22 (20.9%) patients, respectively. There was no difference in terms of TT and FT, CIMT, CRP and IL-6 between the stages of CKD. According to TT, the patients with hypogonadism had significantly higher CRP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) levels (p = 0.004 and p = 0.005, respectively). There was no significant difference in other parameters. According to FT, the patients with hypogonadism had significantly higher CRP (p = 0.017), and TT were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and CRP levels. FT was negatively correlated with age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and CRP. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of hypogonadism was found around 17-21% among the patients with CKD. Despite similar IL-6 and CIMT levels, CRP was found to be higher in the patients with hypogonadism. We consider that further studies with larger populations are needed to elucidate the entity

OBJETIVO: Investigar la frecuencia de hipogonadismo y su relación con la inflamación y grosor de la íntima-media carotídea (CIMT) en varones con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) prediálisis. MÉTODOS: Se incluyó en el estudio a un total de 105 pacientes con IRC, 55 (52,4%) en estadio 3, 33 (31,4%) en estadio 4, y 17 (16,2%) en estadio 5. Se midieron testosterona total (TT) y testosterona libre (TL), interleucina 6 (IL-6), niveles de proteína C reactiva (PCR), y CIMT. RESULTADOS: Con respecto a TT y TL, se detectó hipogonadismo en 18 (17,1%) y 22 (20,9%) pacientes, respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias en términos de TT y TL, CIMT, PCR e IL-6 entre los diferentes estadios de IRC. Con respecto a TT, los pacientes con hipogonadismo tenían valores significativamente más altos de PCR y colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-colesterol) (p = 0,004 y p = 0,005, respectivamente). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a otros parámetros. Con respecto a TL, los pacientes con hipogonadismo tenían valores significativamente más altos de PCR (p = 0,017), y TT guardó una correlación negativa con el índice de masa corporal (IMC), perímetro de la cintura, perímetro de la cadera, y niveles de PCR. TL se correlacionó negativamente con la edad, perímetro de cintura, presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y PCR. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró frecuencia de hipogonadismo en cerca del 17-21% de los pacientes con IRC. A pesar de encontrar niveles similares de IL-6 y CIMT, los niveles de PCR fueron más altos en los pacientes con hipogonadismo. Consideramos que son necesarios más estudios, con poblaciones de mayor tamaño, para explicar esta entidad

The association of decreased testosterone with atherosclerosis and inflammation in male predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease.

PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency of hypogonadism and its relationship to inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in male patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: A total of 105 patients with CKD, 55 (52.4%) as stage 3, 33 (31.4%) as stage 4 and 17 (16.2%) as stage 5, were enrolled into the study. Total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and CIMT were measured. RESULTS: According to TT and FT, hypogonadism was detected in 18 (17.1%) and 22 (20.9%) patients, respectively. There was no difference in terms of TT and FT, CIMT, CRP and IL-6 between the stages of CKD. According to TT, the patients with hypogonadism had significantly higher CRP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) levels (p=0.004 and p=0.005, respectively). There was no significant difference in other parameters. According to FT, the patients with hypogonadism had significantly higher CRP (p=0.017), and TT were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and CRP levels. FT was negatively correlated with age, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and CRP. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of hypogonadism was found around 17-21% among the patients with CKD. Despite similar IL-6 and CIMT levels, CRP was found to be higher in the patients with hypogonadism. We consider that further studies with larger populations are needed to elucidate the entity.

The assessment of P-wave dispersion and myocardial repolarization parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease.

OBJECTIVE: The risks of sudden death and cardiac arrhythmia are increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we aimed to evaluate the indicators of arrhythmias, such as p-wave dispersion (P-WD), QTc dispersion, Tp-e and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with CKD stages 3-5 on no renal replacement therapy (RRT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One-hundred and thirty three patients with CKD stages 3-5 and 32 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. No patients received RRT. QTc dispersion, P-WD and Tp-e interval were measured using electrocardiogram and Tp-e/QT ratio was also calculated. RESULTS: Mean age rates were found similar in patients and controls (60.8 ± 14.2 and 61 ± 12.9 y, p = .937, respectively). Compared patients with controls, P-WD (45.85 ± 12.42 vs. 21.17 ± 6.6 msec, p < .001), QTc-min (366.99 ± 42.31 vs. 387.15 ± 20.5 msec, p < .001), QTc dispersion (71.13 ± 27.95 vs. 41.25 ± 14.55 msec, p < .001), Tp-e maximum (81.04 ± 10.34 vs. 75.49 ± 10.9 msec, p < .001), Tp-e minimum (62.25 ± 7.58 vs. 54.8 ± 6.72 msec, p < .001) and Tp-e/QTc ratio (0.19 ± 0.02 vs. 0.18 ± 0.01, p = .001) were found to be different. QTc-max and Tp-e interval were found to be similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: P-WD and QTc dispersion, Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QTc ratio were found to be increased in with CKD stages 3-5 on no RRT.

Sleep quality and risk factors of atherosclerosis in predialysis chronic kidney disease.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have more frequent sleep disorders and cardiovascular disease than normals. Since arterial stiffness as a risk factor of atherosclerosis can be evaluated with pulse wave velocity (PWV), we aimed to investigate the prevalance of sleep quality (SQ) and the relationship between SQ and risk factors of atherosclerosis and whether there is a relationship between SQ and PWV (the indicator of arterial stiffness) in predialysis CKD patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in CKD patients followed at the Nephrology Department in Konya, Turkey, between November 2014 and March 2015. A total of 484 CKD patients were screened. Of the 484 patients, 285 patients were excluded. The remaining 199 CKD patients without cardiovascular disease at stage 3, 4, and 5 (predialysis) were included in the final study. The SQ of the patients was evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). PWV was measured by using a single-cuff arteriography device (Mobil-O-Graph PWA, a model pulse wave analysis device; IEM). RESULTS: A total of 199 predialysis CKD patients were included in the study, 73 of whom (36.7 %) were 'poor sleepers' (global PSQI >5). Patients with poor SQ were older than those with good SQ (p = 0.077). SQ was worse in female patients compered to male patients (p = 0.001). SQ was worse in obese patients. As laboratory parameters, serum phosphorus, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels correlated positively with SQ (respectively; r = 0.245, p&0.001; r = 0.142, p = 0.049; r = 0.142, p = 0.048). The indicator of arterial stiffness, PWV, was higher in patients with poor SQ (p = 0.033). Hyperphosphatemia and female gender are determined as risk factors for poor SQ in multivariate analysis (p = 0.049, ExpB = 1.477; p = 0.009, ExpB = 0,429, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed for the first time that there is a relationship between SQ and risk factors of atherosclerosis in predialysis CKD patients.

Frequency of nodular goiter and autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and nodular and autoimmune thyroid diseases are frequently seen disorders. Previous studies reported conflicting results regarding possible association between PCOS and thyroid disorders. In this study, we investigated the frequency of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and nodular goiter in patients with PCOS. Seventy-three PCOS patients and 60 age-matched controls were enrolled in the study. In PCOS group, body mass index values (27.45 ± 5.73 vs. 22.55 ± 3.78 kg/m(2), p < 0.001, respectively), systolic [110 mmHg (90-130) vs. 100 mmHg (90-140), p = 0.016, respectively] and diastolic (72.67 ± 6.52 vs. 66.42 ± 8.88 mmHg, p < 0.001, respectively) blood pressure, waist circumference (86.27 ± 14.41 vs. 78.78 ± 8.87 cm, p < 0.001, respectively), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels (2.96 ± 2.11 and 1.77 ± 0.83 p < 0.001, respectively) were higher than controls. However, thyroid nodule frequency was similar in both groups [22 (30.1 %) vs. 12 (20 %)], also thyroid gland volume was not significantly different [9.23 ml (3.08-32.40) vs. 8.52 ml (4.28-50.29)] among groups. The percentages of patients with thyroid parenchymal heterogeneity, positive anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-thyroglobulin, and AITD were similar. Cases were reclassified according to the presence of thyroid nodule in which similar HOMA-IR levels were detected (median 2.39 and 1.89, p = 0.093, respectively) despite the fact that the group with nodules had higher mean age (26.5 (18-37) vs. 21 (18-34), p = 0.013, respectively). Similar ratios of thyroid nodule and AITD were found in patients with PCOS and controls.

Secondary breast, pancreatic, and renal involvement with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Imaging findings.

The radiologic features in a patient with breast, pancreatic, and renal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are presented in this paper. Although diagnosis of lymphoma is based on histologic criteria, radiologic techniques may be helpful in the evaluation and follow-up of masses in patients with lymphoma.

Clinical assessment of 324 breast cancer cases in two centers between the years of 1992 and 2002.

The records of the 324 patients with breast cancer; diagnosed and followed in two different University Hospital between years of January 1992 and January 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. The median age of the patients was 49.0+/-12.5 years, with the range of 18 and 90 years. The most frequently seen age interval of the patients was 40 and 49 years. The most frequently seen symptom and physical examination finding of the patients were breast mass. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 324 women, 173 in the left breast and 151 in the right breast. At the hospital admission percentages of the patients' disease stages were as follows: I (2.8%), IIA (30.0%), IIB (24.0%), IIIA (19.8%), IIIB (11.4) and IV (12.0%). The most frequently seen histopathological diagnosis was infiltrative ductal carcinoma (84.4%). Axillary lymph node metastasis was found in 61.7% of the patients. Primary therapeutic options and percentages were surgical therapy (78.5%), systemic chemotherapy (17.5%) and radiotherapy (4%). Systemic chemotherapy was given to 81.2% of the patients. From the files, estrogen receptor status was known in 311 and positive in 128 (41.2%) of them. Tamoxifen was given patients who had positive estrogen receptor. The five-year survival rate of the patients was calculated as 75.9%.

Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of skeletal muscle coexistence with cutaneous infiltration.

This report describes a non-Hodgkin lyphoma case presenting with skeletal muscle and cutaneous involvement. A 75 year-old man was admitted to hospital with mass in the right upper extremity and skin lesions on the back of his trunk. Excisional mass biopsy was reported immunohistopthologically as large B-cell lymphoma. Primary extranodal lymphoma arising from skeletal muscle and concomitant skin infiltration of other body localization is not common. So this case was represented and relevant literature was reviewed.