ABSTRACT
Ferrous xylenol gel was evaluated as a dosimeter in verifications of treatment plans for treatments of female breast tumors in external-beam radiation therapy. The dosimeter was calibrated in a cubic wax phantom irradiated with 6 and 15MV beams of an Elekta clinical linear accelerator and then used for measurements of doses in an anthropomorphic phantom of a female torso, which mimicked female breasts after modified radical mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery. Doses measured with the gel in specific locations in the phantom were compared with values predicted by treatment plans created with the XiO treatment planning system (Elekta / IMPAQ) and with results of measurements with an IBA CC13 ionization chamber in the same locations. Differences between the values measured with the gel and predicted by the treatment planning system or measured with the ionization chamber were within 1.5% in most cases. In an area of as steep dose gradient, the difference reached 2.7%, which was explicable in terms of the finite size of the gel dosimeter. The dose response of the gel is dose rate and energy independent in the ranges used in most clinical linacs. The results have shown that ferrous xylenol gels can be used as dosimeters in quality assurance in radiation therapy.
Subject(s)
Radiation Dosimeters , Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/standards , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Female , Ferrous Compounds , Gels , Humans , Particle Accelerators , Phantoms, Imaging , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Radiotherapy Dosage , Radiotherapy, High-Energy , XylenesABSTRACT
The conventional ferrous xylenol orange (XO) gel (FXG) dosimeter is being wildly investigated for radiotherapy dose measurements. Upon irradiation, its color turns red due to oxidation of Fe(2+) into Fe(3+), which forms a complex with xylenol orange. The effect of perchloric acid (PCA) on the dosimetric properties of the gel in the dose range of 1-15Gy was investigated using visual spectrophotometry. FXG-PCA responds to radiation dose linearly and exhibits higher radiation sensitivity than the conventional gel dosimeter. PCA in a concentration of 20mM enhances the radiation sensitivity ~44%. Stability of the absorbances of both the gels during storage under various conditions was investigated, and the uncertainty of dose measurements was estimated.
Subject(s)
Ferrous Compounds , Perchlorates , Phenols , Radiation Dosimeters , Solutions , Sulfoxides , Gels , Humans , Radiotherapy Dosage , SpectrophotometryABSTRACT
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effect of caffeine, the world's most popular psychoactive drug, on the electric activity of the rat's brain that exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF), during 15 days. The obtained results showed that administration of caffeine in a group of rats by dose of 10 mg/kg (equivalent to human daily consumption) caused a reduction in the mean power amplitude of electroencephalogram (EEG) trace for almost all frequency bands especially α (8-12 Hz). It was observed that the influence of caffeine was more evident in motor cortex than in visual cortex. While the exposure of another group to ELF-MF of intensity 0.2 mT during the same period caused an enhancement in the mean power amplitude of most EEG frequency bands; this was more observed in the right hemisphere of the brain than that of the left hemisphere. The administration of caffeine while rats were exposed to ELF-MF, led, after 5 days of exposure, to a great increase in the mean power amplitude of α band at all places of recording electrodes. It may be concluded that caffeine administration was more effective in reducing the hazardous of ELF-MF in motor cortex than in visual cortex.