Clinical, parasitological and social studies on Wuchereria bancrofti in Egypt.

This study was conducted on patients attending Al-Hussein University Hospital and Mansura University Hospitals. Sheets were filled out on each patient (age, residence, occupation, family similar condition, travelling, disease duration, symptoms suggesting acute dermatolymphangitis attacks, frequency and duration. They were 25 lymphoedema patients and 8 controls (17 males & 16 females) and subjected to clinical and parasitological examinations. According to residence, five patients were from Giza Govemorate (18.18%), four from Dakahlia G. (12.12%), four from Gharbia G. (12.12%), five from Menoufia G. (15.15%), four from Sharkia G. (12.12%), two cases from Kafr Elsheikh G. (6.06%) and one patient from Assiut G. (3.03%). In controls, 6 were from Al-Hussein Cairo G. (15.15%), and two cases (6.06) from Al-Abbassia. They were 48% farmers (10 male & 2 female); 4% grocers (1 male); 8% carpenters (2 male); and 40% house wife (10 female). According to lymphedema site: 3 cases (12%) were bilateral lower limbs lymphedema (2 female & 1 male), 13 cases (52%) had right lower limb lymphedema (6 female & 7 male), and 9 cases (36%) had left lower limb lymphedema (4 female & 5 male). They were 18 (72%) with below knee extension of lymphedema (10 male & 8 female) and 7 (28%) above knee extension of lymphedema (3 male & 4 female). Grade of lymphedema was one case (male) with grade II lymphedema (4%), 13 cases (52%) with grade III (7 male & 6 female) and 11 cases (44%) with grade IV (5 male & 6 female). Duration of lymphedema was one case with grade II lymphedema in a period of 3 years, 13 cases with grade III lymphedema and the durations of lymphedema for these cases were (one case with 5 years duration, 3 cases were > 6-9 years,6 cases were > 9-12 years and 3 cases were > 12 years) and 11 cases with grade IV lymphedema and duration of lymphedema for these cases were (one case with 6 years duration, 2 cases were > 6-9 years,3 cases were > 9-12 years and 5 cases were > 12 years).

Correlation of ELISA copro-antigen and oocysts count to the severity of cryptosporidiosis parvum in children.

A total of one thousand and fifty (1050) young children from Mansoura Pediatric Hospital, July 2005 to July 2006 were examined for cryptosporidiosis. Detailed history was taken from each participant, stool examination by direct smear, Formalin-ether sedimentation, Sheather's floatation, modified Ziehl-Nel-seen (MZN) stain, Cryptospordium oocysts count, coproantigen detection by ELISA. Other infections were excluded. Out of 1050 children examined, cryptosporidial oocysts were detected in 90 cases by modified Zeihl Nelseen (MZN) stain, and copro-antigen ELISA added another 10 cases. There was a significant difference between age group (1-2 years), rural locality, nutrition status, and diarrhea regarding Cryptosporidium infection. There was highly significant difference in malnourished children regarding Cryptosporidium oocysts and ELISA-OD. There is a significant positive correlation between oocysts count, ELISA-OD and malnutrition. Only diarrhea had a highly significant difference in relation to other symptoms in both mean oocysts count and ELISA-OD. There was highly significant positive correlation between symptoms, oocysts count and ELISA-OD.

Risk factors contributing to fascioliasis endemicity in a focus in Dakahlia Governorate 1-human host.

Zoonotic fascioliasis is a problem not only in Dakahlia Governorate, but also in other Egyptian Governorates. Two hundreds & twenty patients randomly selected with suggesting manifestations were examined for fascioliasis. A total of 23 (10.4%) were positive by Kato thick smears, of which 21 were from Kafr El-Hessah and two from Oweish El-Hager. The proven human fascioliasis was examined for anti-Fasciola antibodies by IHAT & ELISA (Fhes), haemoglobin level, eosinophils percent, serum bilirubin & liver function tests. IHAT gave 82.61% positive results (19/23), and ELISA gave 100% positive results (23/23). The clinical signs ranged between splenomegaly & ascitis in 4.34% for each up to hepatomegaly in 73.91% & mild fever in 78.26% but 2 cases were asymptomatic. Mild eosinophilia and moderate anaemia were recorded with means of 11 +/- 5.8 and 10 +/- 1.3 respectively. Mean serum bilirubin was not elevated (0.91 +/- 0.51 gm/dl). Liver function tests (AST within normal range in all cases; <40 unit/ml but one patient had ALT above normal; >45 unit/ml).