Design, spectroscopic characterizations, and biological investigation of oxospiro[chromine-4,3-indolene]-based compounds as promising antiproliferative EGFR inhibitors and antimicrobial agents.

Utilizing microwave heating and an aqueous saturated solution of K2CO3 as a catalyst, a rapidone-pot synthesis of oxospiro[chromene-4.3-indoline] derivatives was produced in high yields. The experimental results confirmed that the saturated solution of K2CO3 gives outstanding yield to dangerous metals and strong bases during investigations into high-performance catalysts. The used catalyst is green, affordable, incredibly mild, and widely accessible. However, it generates samples, reduces the amount of byproducts, and is expected to be used in industrial-scale heterocyclic derivatives. New oxospiro[chromene-4.3-indoline] derivatives have been created from various isatin by condensing with various phenols. The biological activities results showed that when compared to erlotinib, the derivatives 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6b were the most effective analogues on A549, MCF-7, HepG-2, and HCT-116 cells, with an IC50 range of 3.32 to 11.88 µM. In A549 cells, compounds 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6b induced apoptosis, as shown by the up-regulation of Bax, the up-regulation of Bcl-2, and the stimulation of caspase-3 and -9. With IC50 value of 0.19 ± 0.09, compound3b was demonstrated to be the most effective against EGFRWT. Compounds 4b and 6b have good antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus, comparable to ciprofloxacin, and about half as much activity as ampicillin, according to the MIC value. Compound 6b's MIC is about 25% lower than clotrimazole drug. The in silico molecular docking outcomes of compounds 3b, 4b, 5b, and 6b in the EGFR active site depicted their ability to adopt essential binding interactions compared to the reference Erlotinib. Moreover, the investigation of the physicochemical properties of the most promising dual acting antiproliferative and antimicrobial compounds 4b and 6b through the egg-boiled method illustrated acceptable lipophilicity, GIT absorption, and blood-brain barrier penetration characteristics.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Biological Activity Evaluation, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies of Some Novel Pyrrolo [2,3-b] Pyrrole Derivatives.

Novel pyrrolo [2,3-b] pyrrole derivatives were synthesized and their hypolipidemic activity was assessed in hyperlipidemic rats. The chemical structures of the new derivatives were confirmed through spectral analysis. Compounds 5 and 6 were revealed to be the most effective hypolipidemic agents, with considerable hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects. They appear to be promising candidates for creating new powerful derivatives with anti-atherosclerotic and hypolipidemic properties. As for antimicrobial activity, some of the tested compounds showed moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: compound 2 revealed an MIC value of 50 µg/mL, compared to 25 µg/mL for ciprofloxacin. Compound 3 showed good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, comparable to ciprofloxacin, and roughly half the activity of ampicillin, according to MIC values. Compound 2 has an MIC approximately 25% of that of clotrimazole against Candida albicans. Compound 2 also showed the highest antioxidant activity with 59% inhibition of radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity of these new derivatives 1-7 was investigated and most of them showed good anticancer activity against the three tested cell lines.

Unveiling the exceptional synergism-induced design of Co-Mg-Al layered triple hydroxides (LTHs) for boosting catalytic activity toward the green synthesis of indol-3-yl derivatives under mild conditions.

The current study provides a novel insight into the role of synergism of the changes in Mg2+/ Al3+ in the best catalytic activity of indol-3-yl derivatives. A series of Co-Mg-Al layered triple hydroxides (LTHs) catalysts were produced by altering the Al3+/Mg2+ ratio with respect to Co2+. The physicochemical properties of LTHs were well characterized by ICP-AES, XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, BET, Zeta-sizer, and VSM. The results show that the sample CMA4 (Co2+:Mg2+:Al3+ 2:4:4) is an exception to the physicochemical characteristics of the produced Co-Mg-Al LTHs, which is due to the synergism between the changes in Mg2+ and Al3+. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the synthesis of indol-3-yl derivatives from indole-3-carbaldehyde using Co-Mg-Al LTHs as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts, which is an extremely appealing path. The selectivity of the synthesis was studied by condensing various nucleophiles through the one-pot method that established superior reactivity under mild conditions. Notably, the results show that the Co-Mg-Al LTHs system exhibited an extraordinarily catalytic activity, with the highest yield (98%) being obtained under the following optimal conditions: the concentration of Co-Mg-Al LTHs = 5 mol%, 30 min., water/ethanol as solvent. Furthermore, the reusable studies exhibited that the catalysts were found to be stable and reusable for up to six cycles without substantial loss of catalytic activity. Finally, a plausible reaction mechanism of the Co-Mg-Al LTHs system for indol-3-yl derivatives was put forward according to our comprehensive analysis. Our work illuminates a cheap and flexible strategy for the synthesis of indol-3-yl derivatives using Co-Mg-Al LTHs.