ABSTRACT
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide accounting to 13 % of all deaths. One of the main causes behind the failure of treatment is the development of various therapy resistance mechanisms by the cancer cells leading to the recurrence of the disease. This review sheds a light on some of the mechanisms developed by cancer cells to resist therapy as well as some of the structures involved such as the ABC members' involvement in chemotherapy resistance and MET and survivin overexpression leading to radiotherapy resistance. Understanding those mechanisms will enable scientists to overcome resistance and possibly improve treatment and disease prognosis (AU)
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/mortality , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide accounting to 13 % of all deaths. One of the main causes behind the failure of treatment is the development of various therapy resistance mechanisms by the cancer cells leading to the recurrence of the disease. This review sheds a light on some of the mechanisms developed by cancer cells to resist therapy as well as some of the structures involved such as the ABC members' involvement in chemotherapy resistance and MET and survivin overexpression leading to radiotherapy resistance. Understanding those mechanisms will enable scientists to overcome resistance and possibly improve treatment and disease prognosis.
Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiation Tolerance , Animals , HumansABSTRACT
Eighty children with End Stage Disease (ESRD) were treated in our unit over a six year period. Forty-eight were treated with CAPD (mean age = 5.8 years) and thirty-two with HD (mean age = 8.2 years). The average duration of treatment was 14.8 months in the CAPD group and 14.2 months in the HD group. There were 22 failures of peritoneal catheter in the CAPD group out of 70 catheters compared to 19 failures of vascular access devices out of 45 in the HD group. Peritoneal catheter failure was due to resistance or recurrent peritonitis in 10 (45.4%) and obstruction in nine (41%), whereas vascular access devices failure was due to thrombosis in six (31.5%) and infection in five (26.3%). Fifteen (31.3%) of the CAPD patients died and eight (16.7%) transferred to HD, whereas five (15.6%) HD patients died and four (12.5%) transferred to CAPD. The three year actuarial rates for CAPD were 81% at one year, 55% at two years and 42% at three years, while for HD was 94%, 85% and 64%, respectively. In this unique experience at the Kingdom so far, we found that a fully integrated service of dialysis including both CAPD and HD are essential. Such a system allows the optimal mode of treatments to be chosen for a child at any time and allows the child to move freely from one treatment to another when needed.
ABSTRACT
In a trial to assess the role of red cells antigens in pathogenesis of filariasis, 520 individuals from El Korean village were examined clinically to detect clinical filariasis, blood examined by counting chamber to detect microfilaraemic cases and red cell antigens (ABO system, Rh system and MN system) using slide method. The study showed no statistical significance association between filariasis (clinical and microfilaraemic) and red cells antigens.