[Combined surgeries for secondary chest wall lesions]. / Kombinirovannye operatsii pri vtorichnom porazhenii grudnoi stenki.

The authors present treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma of the gluteal region with secondary lesion of the lung and chest wall. Features of chest wall defect closure are analyzed.

[Chest wall repair after extensive resections]. / Rezul'taty vosstanovleniya karkasa grudnoi stenki posle obshirnykh rezektsii.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcomes after different methods of post-resection chest wall defect reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 41 patients aged 22-73 years who underwent chest wall repair with local tissues and synthetic materials. Twelve (29.3±7.1%) patients had sarcoma, 9 (21.9±5.9%) - non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with invasion of the chest, 9 (21.9±5.9%) - metastatic lesions, 8 (19.5±6.2%) - benign tumors, 2 (4.8±3.4%) - breast cancer with invasion of the chest wall, 1 (2.4±2.4%) - desmoid tumor. Seven patients were diagnosed with T3N0M0, 1 - T3N2M0, 1 - T2N0M1b (oss). Among patients with NSCLC with invasion into the chest wall, squamous cell cancer was verified in 4 (44.4±16.6%) patients, adenocarcinoma - in 4 (44.4±16.6%), neuroendocrine tumor - in 1 (11.2±10.5%) patient. Stages of surgeries are presented. RESULTS: We analyzed treatment outcomes in 41 patients. Five (12.2%) patients had seroma, hemothorax, thoracopleural fistula, subcutaneous emphysema and fatal asystole. There were no postoperative complications associated with paradoxical breathing. CONCLUSION: Accurate morphological verification prior to treatment is valuable to determine the stages of combined treatment of chest wall tumors. Chest wall defect closure with own tissues and synthetic materials is necessary after extensive resections. A multidisciplinary approach involving thoracic and plastic surgeons is needed.

Effects of intracisternal administration of insulin on the time dynamics of behavior in rats.

The effects of intracisternal administration of insulin at doses of 2.5, 25, 50, and 200 ng on the behavior of rats in an open field test and elevated plus maze were studied at 45 min, 24 h, and nine days after single doses. On day 1, doses of 2.5 and 25 ng increased the probability of orientational-investigative behavior and locomotion in the open field, while doses of 50 and 200 ng, conversely, produced some tendency to decreases in investigative behavior (mainly at the dose of 50 ng). On day 2 after dosage with insulin, the tendency to increased investigative activity persisted only in rats given a dose of 25 ng of insulin, while on day 9 this was increased in all experimental animals independently of the insulin dose given. In the elevated plus maze, insulin doses of 2.5 and 200 ng decreased anxiety in rats during the first 5 min of testing on day one, while doses of 2.5 and 25 ng reduced anxiety in the second 5 min. On day 2, the level of anxiety increased (at doses of 50 and 200 ng) or tended to increase (at doses of 2.5 and 25 ng); on day 9, anxiety decreased in all experimental rats. Studies of the time dynamics of the behavior of rats showed that single doses of insulin had aftereffects in CNS structures, consisting of weakening of non-associative memory in the open field test on days 2 and 9 and increases in anxiety in the elevated plus maze on day 2, followed by weakening of anxiety on day 9.

[The influence of intracysternal insulin administration on the rat temporal behaviour dynamics].

Rat behaviour in the open field and elevated plus-maze was analyzed in rats after intracysternal administration of 2.5, 25, 50 and 200 ng of insulin in 45 min, 24 hrs and on the 9th day after single injection. Dose-dependent changes in 45 min occurred in both behavioural tests: insulin in low doses (2.5 and 25 ng) increased probability of locomotion and investigative activity in open field, while insulin in high doses (50 and 200 ng) did not alter locomotor activity and showed tendency to weakening of the investigative behavior (especially in the dose of 50 ng). Tendency was found in 24 hrs to increase probability of investigative behavior in open field after injection of 25 ng of insulin, although on the 9th day after insulin administration this behaviour increased in all experimental groups for all used doses. Insulin in the doses 2.5 and 200 ng decreased anxiety in elevated plus-maze in 45 min during the first five min; the doses 2.5 and 25 ng at the second five min exerted the same effect. In 24 hrs, the anxiety level increased for the doses 50 and 200 ng, and there was a tendency for an increase in the doses 2.5 and 25 ng; anxiety was decreased on the 9th day for all used doses of insulin. Thus, single insulin administration induced weakness of non-associative memory in open field on the day 2 and day 9 as well as increase of anxiety level on the day 2 and decrease of anxiety level on the day 9 in elevated plus-maze.

[Dose-dependent effects of intracisternally administered insulin on rat's behavior and glucose level].

Rat behavior in the open field and elevated plus-maze as well as glycaemia level were analyzed in rats after intracisternal administration of 2.5, 25, 50 and 200 ng of insulin. Dose-dependent changes were found in both behavioral tests: insulin in low doses (2.5 and 25 ng) increased probability of locomotion and investigative activity in open field, while insulin in high doses (50 and 200 ng) did not alter locomotor activity and showed tendency to weakening of the investigative behavior (especially in the dose of 50 ng). Significant decrease of rat anxiety level during the first 5 minutes of testing was found after administration of 2.5 and 200 ng of insulin and during the next 5 minutes after administration of 2.5 and 25 ng of insulin in elevated plus-maze. The glucose level in rats was increased in 1-2 hours after insulin administration, though glycaemia level did not exceed normal values. Thus revealed alterations of behavior are supposed to be the result of direct insulin influence on central mechanisms of activation and/or suppression of underlying behavioral characteristics of animals.

The effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the formation of behavior in early postnatal ontogenesis.

Studies were performed to investigate impairments to the formation of behavior arising as a result of increases in the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta in early postnatal ontogenesis. The cytokine was given at pyrogenic or subpyrogenic doses for one week (the first, second, or third week of life). Behavior was assessed at prepubertal age and in the adult state in the open field and elevated cross maze tests. The greatest changes were seen in adolescent rats given interleukin-1beta during the first or third weeks of life. Impairments were seen after administration of pyrogenic and subpyrogenic doses of cytokine and were identical in females and males. Changes consisted of partial substitution of acts, increases in motor activity and decreases in investigative activity. After sexual maturation, these behavioral impairments were no longer seen.

[The action of proinflammatory cytokines on formation of behavior during early postnatal ontogenesis].

The study is devoted to the role of proinflammatory cytokine-interleukin-1beta during early postnatal ontogenesis in formation of behavioral programs. Cytokine was injected in pyrogenic and subpyrogenic doses during 1 week (1, 2 or 3 weeks of life). The behavior was tested in the young (40-45 days) and adult (3 months) rats in the "open field" and "elevated plus maze". The greatest behavior disordes (elevation of act's number and of motor activity, the decrease of investigation activity) are revealed in the young animals treated with IL-Ib during 1 and 3 weeks of life. These behavioral changes were marked in rats injected with pyrogenic and subpyrogenic doses of cytokine. They had a similar tendency in male and female rats. At the age of 3 months, behavior changes revealed in juvenile rats were insignificant.

[Characteristics of the rat behavior following single and multiple exposures of the hypoglycemic insulin doses]. / Osobennosti povedeniia krys posle odnokratnogo i mnogokratnykh vozdeistvii gipoglikemicheskikh doz insulina.

Rats behaviour in the "open field" changed in 2 hrs after a single episode of hypoglycaemia was abolished with glucose whereas no changes occurred in their stereotyped behaviour and intraspecies interaction. In 24 hrs quantitative parameters of the "open field" behaviour normalised although the behaviour still had an altered structure. At the same time, amphetamine-induced stereotyped behaviour's indices became reduced. These and other findings suggest some deeper behavioural changes in rats during their recovery from repeated hypoglycaemic episodes and absence of synchronisation of the insulin effects.

[Possible use of exclusive ghosts of autologous erythrocytes for directed transport of antibiotics]. / O vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia zamknutykh tenei autologichnykh eritrotsitov dlia napravlennogo transporta antibiotikov.

Incorporation of rubomycin into exclusive shades of erythrocytes amounted to 7.1 per cent, that of tetracyclines to 6.9-8.9 per cent. Determination of stability of the erythrocyte containers showed that leakage of the antibiotics proceeded during the first 30 minutes of incubation at 37 degrees C when titrated with the Hanks solution. It varied with respect to different antibiotics. With the use of blood serum for titration stability of the erythrocyte containers probably increased. After incubation for 30 minutes only traces of the tetracycline derivatives were detected in the supernatant liquid while rubomycin was not detectable at all. Therefore, the study showed that the exclusive shades of autologous erythrocytes may be in principle used for transport of water-soluble antibiotics.