Personal hygiene practice and associated factors among elementary school students in Fiche Town, Oromia, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Students in school are more likely to be sick from communicable diseases like diarrheal illnesses, acute respiratory infections, and other illnesses linked to poor personal hygiene. Poor hygiene practices are common among school children and put their health at risk, which in turn has several consequences. These include significant school absences, transmission of infectious diseases to other students, and missed workdays for parents and guardians. However, there is limited evidence on the level of personal hygiene practice and its associated factors among school students. Thus, this study was aimed at determining personal hygiene practice level and its associated factors among elementary school grade (5-8) students in Fiche town, Oromia, Ethiopia, in 2022. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 29 to May 29, 2022, in Fiche town, Oromia regional state, among 534 elementary school students. A multi-stage probability sampling technique was used to select the individual students. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was entered into epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed by SPSS version 26.0. Variables that scored a p-value less than 0.2 during bivariate analysis were included in multilevel logistic regression models to determine factors associated with personal hygiene practice. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was estimated, and the level of significance was set at [Formula: see text] 0.05. RESULTS: The magnitude of good personal hygiene (scored above the mean) was 59.2% (95% confidence interval (CI)) (55.1-63.0). A considerable proportion of students scored more than 50% in latrine use (62.5%), regular hand-washing (55.4%), and oral hygiene (55.20%) practices. Being female, having good personal hygiene knowledge, doing hygiene inspections at school, and having latrine accessibility was significantly associated with good personal hygiene among elementary school students. CONCLUSION: Considerable proportion of elementary school students in Fiche town have score poor personal hygiene practice. Interventions aimed that target improving knowledge of personal hygiene and hygiene inspection at school are crucial to enhance the personal hygiene among elementary school students.

Partial facial duplication (diprosopus): a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Diprosopus, or craniofacial duplication, is a rare entity that occurs in approximately 1 in 180,000 to 15 million live births. The degree of duplication varies from complete facial duplication to small facial structure duplication like the nose and eye. The cause of diprosopus is unknown though there are proposed factors. CASE PRESENTATION: Our African patient was a term 72 hours old female neonate who was referred to our center with impression of lower facial duplication with two oral cavity that are located side to side separated by large soft tissue, she also had flat nasal bridge with widely separated nostrils and widely spaced eyes. Besides the facial malformation she had multiple episodes of vomiting with aspiration. Her blood tests were normal. Precontract brain computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed partially duplicated mandible and maxilla, two oral cavity separated by large fatty tissue, brain tissue were well formed and the only abnormality was corpus callosum agenesis and interhemispheric lipoma. In her stay at hospital nasogastric tube (NG) tube feed was initiated and started with antibiotics for aspiration pneumonia. After 25th day the neonatal passed away with possible cause of death being respiratory failure. CONCLUSION: Craniofacial duplication is a very rare anomaly with only a few cases reported. Most of these patients are stillborn, even if they survive the prognosis is often poor. Early prenatal diagnosis is very important as termination of pregnancy can sometimes be considered an option.

Imaging Patterns of Temporal Bone Fracture among Patients with Head Injury at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.

Background: Temporal bone fracture is usually a sequel of significant blunt head injury. Fracture of the temporal bone is mainly classified according to the orientation of the fracture plane and whether there is involvement of the otic capsule. Despite its frequent occurrence, there is limited research on the frequency and pattern of temporal bone fractures in our setup. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional hospital - based study of 60 patients who underwent computed tomography of the head for head trauma at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital during the study period from October 2020 - October 2022. Results: Among the 60 patients enrolled in the study, the mean age of presentation was 31.1 years with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1. There were 69 temporal bone fractures, 9(15%) were bilateral and 51(85%) unilateral The longitudinal fracture pattern was the most common fracture pattern, occurring in 40(78.4%) of unilateral cases, 15(83.3%) of bilateral cases. Otic capsule sparing fractures accounted for 49(96.07%) of unilateral fracture cases, and all patients with bilateral involvement had an otic capsule sparing fracture. Among the 42 patients for whom data regarding post-traumatic hearing outcome was available, 4 patients had post-traumatic hearing impairment. Anatomically, the squamous portion of the temporal bone was involved in 30(43.5%) of cases. Conclusions: Fractures affecting the squamous portion of the temporal bone, longitudinal fracture patterns, and otic capsule sparing were the most frequent forms. The majority of temporal bone fractures were associated with other bone fractures and intracranial injuries.