Effects of beta-blockers on archery performance, body sway and aiming behaviour.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effect of selective (bisoprolol-5 mg) and non-selective (propranolol-40 mg) beta-blockers on archery performance, body sway and aiming behaviour. METHODS: Fifteen male archers participated in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study and competed four times (control, placebo, selective (bisoprolol) and non-selective (propranolol) beta-blocker trials). Mechanical data related to the changes in the centre of pressure during body sway and aim point fluctuation and when shooting was collected. During the shots, heart rate was recorded continuously. RESULTS: Results indicated that, in beta-blocker trials, although shooting heart rates were lowered by 12.8% and 8.6%, respectively, for bisoprolol and propranolol, no positive effect of beta-blockers was observed on shooting scores. Also, the use of beta-blockers did not affect shooting behaviour and body sway. CONCLUSION: The use of either selective or non-selective single dose beta-blockers had no positive effect on shooting performance in archery during simulated match conditions.

Delphi developed syllabus for the medical specialty of sport and exercise medicine: part 2.

Training in the medical specialty of sport and exercise medicine (SEM) is available in many, but not all countries. In 2015, an independent Delphi group, the International Syllabus in Sport and Exercise Medicine Group (ISSEMG), was formed to create a basic syllabus for this medical specialty. The group provided the first part of this syllabus, by identifying 11 domains and a total of 80 general learning areas for the specialty, in December 2017. The next step in this process, and the aim of this paper was to determine the specific learning areas for each of the 80 general learning areas. A group of 26 physicians with a range of primary medical specialty qualifications including, Sport and Exercise Medicine, Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Rheumatology and Anaesthetics were invited to participate in a multiple round online Delphi study to develop specific learning areas for each of the previously published general learning areas. All invitees have extensive clinical experience in the broader sports medicine field, and in one or more components of sports medicine governance at national and/or international level. SEM, Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Rheumatology and Anaesthetics were invited to participate in a multiple round online Delphi study to develop specific learning areas for each of the previously published general learning areas. All invitees have extensive clinical experience in the broader sports medicine field, and in one or more components of sports medicine governance at national and/or international level. The hierarchical syllabus developed by the ISSEMG provides a useful resource in the planning, development and delivery of specialist training programmes in the medical specialty of SEM.

Remote assessment in sport and exercise medicine (SEM): a narrative review and teleSEM solutions for and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic forces sport and exercise medicine (SEM) physicians to think differently about the clinical care of patients. Many rapidly implement eHealth and telemedicine solutions specific to SEM without guidance on how best to provide these services. AIM: The aim of this paper is to present some guiding principles on how to plan for and perform an SEM consultation remotely (teleSEM) based on a narrative review of the literature. A secondary aim is to develop a generic teleSEM injury template. RESULTS: eHealth and telemedicine are essential solutions to effective remote patient care, also in SEM. This paper provides guidance for wise planning and delivery of teleSEM. It is crucial for SEM physicians, technology providers and organisations to codesign teleSEM services, ideally involving athletes, coaches and other clinicians involved in the clinical care of athletes, and to gradually implement these services with appropriate support and education. CONCLUSION: teleSEM provides solutions for remote athlete clinical care during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We define two new terms-eSEM and teleSEM and discuss guiding principles on how to plan for and perform SEM consultations remotely (teleSEM). We provide an example of a generic teleSEM injury assessment guide.

Roots of Sports Medicine

It is difficult to define Sports Medicine as it involves multiple aspects of health and various professionals, and because health care demands of sportsmen and people that exercise are very varied. The origins of Sports Medicine as the oldest science that treats and prevents disease are described, as well as the use of exercise as a therapy, which is attributed to Herodicus, teacher of Hippocrates, and which is considered the very beginning of Sports Medicine. The ultimate expression of the origin of this discipline owes to Galen, who practices it as gladiator physician, who starts a fundamental aspect of Sports Medicine as multidisciplinarity and who practices the profession not only as a treatment of injuries, but also as instruction in the preparation of athletes. Since then there has been an evolution in the development of this discipline through various doctors in later historical periods which can be considered as precursors of nowadays Sports Medicine, the first book written on the subject being prominent among them, De arte gymnastica by Bernardino Ramazzini in the seventeenth century. The first article on exercise physiology, published in USA in 1855 by WH Byford in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences, is quoted, as well as the progress that took place at the beginning of the contemporary era. The origin and characteristics of the most important international societies in Sports Medicine, such as the FIMS and EFSMA, are described. Relations between Sports Medicine and other sports sciences are pointed out, and finally the current situation of Sports Medicine in regards to training and recognition in Europe is described

La definición de la Medicina del Deporte resulta complicada porque implica múltiples facetas de la salud y diversos profesionales, y porque las demandas de atención médica por parte de los deportistas y personas que realizan actividad física son muy variadas. Se describen los orígenes de la Medicina como ciencia más antigua que diagnostica, trata y previene la enfermedad, así como la utilización del ejercicio como terapia, que se atribuye a Heródico, maestro de Hipócrates, y que se considera como el inicio de la Medicina del Deporte. La máxima expresión del origen de esta disciplina se debe a Galeno que la ejerce como médico de gladiadores, que inicia un aspecto primordial de la Medicina del Deporte como es la multidisciplinaridad y que ejerce la profesión, no sólo como tratamiento de las lesiones, sino también en la instrucción de la preparación de los atletas. Desde entonces se ha ido produciendo una evolución en el desarrollo de esta disciplina a través de diversos médicos en épocas históricas posteriores y que se pueden considerar como los precursores de la Medicina del Deporte actual, destacando el primer libro escrito sobre la materia, De arte gymnastica, por Bernardino Ramazzini en el siglo XVII. Se cita el primer artículo sobre fisiología del ejercicio publicado en EEUU en 1855 por WH Byford en la revista American Journal of the Medical Sciences, así como los avances que se fueron sucediendo en los inicios de la era contemporánea. Se describe el origen y características de las sociedades internacionales de mayor relevancia en Medicina del Deporte, como la FIMS y la EFSMA. Se destacan las relaciones de la Medicina del Deporte con otras ciencias del deporte para terminar con la descripción de la situación actual de la Medicina del Deporte en lo que se refiere a la formación y reconocimiento en Europa

Acute traumatic tear of latissimus dorsi muscle in an elite track athlete.

Soft tissue injuries constitute 30-50% of all sports related injuries; however, injury to the latissimus dorsi muscle is quite rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. Herein, we describe an acute traumatic tear of the latissimus dorsi muscle in an elite track athlete, which has not been reported in the track and field sports before. The injury was caused by forceful resisted arm adduction that took place at hurdling and starting from the block. A pseudotumor appearance in the axillary region was misdiagnosed as a mass. The diagnosis was made by ultrasound alone and the patient was managed conservatively.

Proprioception and ankle injuries in soccer.

Because soccer attracts many participants and leads to a substantial number of injuries, especially of the lower extremities, it is important to study possibilities for injury prevention and proper rehabilitation to return safely to activities. Ankle sprains can be prevented by external ankle supports and proprioceptive-coordination training, especially in athletes with previous ankle sprains. Proprioception is a broad concept that includes balance and postural control with visual and vestibular contributions, joint kinesthesia, position sense, and muscle reaction time. Proprioceptive feedback is crucial in the conscious and unconscious awareness of a joint or limb in motion. Enhancement of functional joint stability by proprioceptive (or neuromuscular) training is important both in prevention and rehabilitation of athletic injuries.

Running velocities and heart rates at fixed blood lactate concentrations in elite soccer players.

This study was undertaken to examine the endurance performance of elite soccer players, according to age and playing position. A total of 197 male soccer players participated in this study. Each player performed exercise tests on the treadmill that included 3-minute runs and 30-second blood sampling intervals. During these tests, running speeds at the first and second stages were 10 km/hr -1 and 12 km/hr -1, respectively. When these tests were completed, running speed was increased by 1 km/hr every 3 minutes until the runner reached exhaustion. Blood samples were analyzed immediately by means of an automated lactate analyzer. Heart rate was monitored continuously at 5-second intervals. Running velocities and heart rates at 2-mmol/L -1, 2.5-mmol/L -1, 3-mmol/L -1, and 4-mmol/L -1 blood lactate concentrations were calculated with use of the spline function. Analysis of variance was used to analyze data to determine the differences between playing positions (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards) and age groups (older than 30 years of age, between 25 and 29 years old, between 20 and 24 years old, and 19 years old and younger). Statistical significance was set at P<.01. No significant differences were revealed between defenders, midfielders, and forwards regarding running velocities and heart rates and their correlation with specified lactate concentrations. Goalkeepers demonstrated lower endurance performance than players in the other playing positions (P<.001). Running velocities corresponding to all lactate concentrations showed no significant differences in all age groups, but heart rates in soccer players older than 30 years of age were significantly lower than those of players in other age groups (P<.01). Results of this study suggest that the endurance performance level of professional players is similar for players in all positions, except for goalkeepers, and that endurance performance is not adversely affected when a person's age increases beyond 30 years of age.

[Sports injuries in children and adolescents: etiology, epidemiology, and risk factors]. / Cocukluk ve ergenlik döneminde spor yaralanmalarinin nedenleri, epidemiyolojisi, risk faktörleri.

Growing participation of children in sports has resulted in an increased incidence of sports injuries. Although methodological differences in epidemiologic studies largely prevent precise comparisons, it appears that young athletes participating in combat and contact sports seem to be more prone to injuries. Knee and ankle injuries are the most commonly encountered problems and chronic events are more prevalent than acute ones. The occurrence of athletic injuries is multifactorial and may present differences with respect to sex and the sports branch involved. An analytical approach of all relevant groups (parents, coaches, physical education teachers, health personnel) is necessary to understand, treat, and prevent athletic injuries in children.