ABSTRACT
An atmospheric neutrino oscillation tool that uses full three-neutrino oscillation probabilities and a full three-neutrino treatment of the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect, together with an analysis of the K2K, MINOS, and CHOOZ data, is used to examine the bounds on theta_{13}. The recent, more finely binned, Super-K atmospheric data are employed. For L/E_{nu} greater, similar 10;{4} km/GeV, we previously found significant linear in theta_{13} terms. This analysis finds theta_{13} bounded from above by the atmospheric data while bounded from below by CHOOZ. The origin of this result arises from data in the previously mentioned very long baseline region; here, matter effects conspire with terms linear in theta_{13} to produce asymmetric bounds on theta_{13}. Assuming CP conservation, we find theta_{13} = -0.07_{-0.11};{+0.18} (90% C.L.).
Subject(s)
Equipment Safety , Medical Laboratory Personnel , Occupational Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Plastics , Specimen Handling/instrumentation , Blood Specimen Collection/instrumentation , Glass , Humans , Needlestick Injuries , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Organizational Innovation , Plastics/economics , Plastics/supply & distribution , United StatesABSTRACT
Blood samples contaminated by skin-surface bacteria can increase hospital stays, cause the needless use of antibiotics, and cost thousands of dollars per incident. A few simple steps can reduce contamination and save patients and healthcare providers money, time, and heartache.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/diagnosis , Bacteremia/nursing , Blood Specimen Collection/methods , Blood Specimen Collection/nursing , Asepsis , Education, Nursing, Continuing , HumansABSTRACT
Collecting blood specimens can carry an element of risk for your laboratory-errors in judgment and technique may cause injuries that leave you vulnerable to litigation. In this article, an expert witness discusses six ways to protect your lab from phlebotomy liability.
Subject(s)
Laboratories, Hospital/legislation & jurisprudence , Liability, Legal , Phlebotomy/adverse effects , Risk Management/methods , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Inservice Training/organization & administration , Inservice Training/standards , Laboratories, Hospital/standards , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Patient Identification Systems , Phlebotomy/standards , Professional Competence , United StatesSubject(s)
Blood Specimen Collection/adverse effects , Liability, Legal , Malpractice/legislation & jurisprudence , Phlebotomy/adverse effects , Risk Management/legislation & jurisprudence , Risk Management/methods , Blood Specimen Collection/nursing , Clinical Competence/legislation & jurisprudence , Clinical Competence/standards , Humans , Inservice Training/legislation & jurisprudence , Inservice Training/standards , Phlebotomy/nursing , United StatesABSTRACT
The author identifies four errors in phlebotomy that are effectively indefensible in a court of law: patient misidentification, improper angle of insertion, improper vein selection, and ineffective training and evaluation of those performing venipunctures. Strategies to avoid these errors include the implementation and enforcement of specific administrative and procedural policies. A side bar on the "Ten Commandments of Phlebotomy Liability" accompanies this article.
