ABSTRACT
Psychological contracts have been theorized to occur at different levels of analysis and with different exchange parties. In this article, we develop the concept of team-client psychological contract fulfillment (team-client PCF) as a team-level social exchange indicator, reflecting the team members' perceptions of the degree of fulfillment of the commitments a client promised to a team. Using the multilevel group-process framework (Lang et al., 2019) and a sample of newly formed self-managed teams consisting of 838 observations, nested in 244 individuals, 56 teams, and in four waves of data, we tested the claim that team-client PCF may determine the type of collective states that emerge within the team. When team-client PCF is higher, it should create conditions for the emergence of team states related to team maintenance (i.e., team identification), whereas when team-client PCF is lower, it is more likely that teams develop states related to the regulation of team performance (i.e., team-member exchange [TMX]). Our results support our hypotheses. We discuss implications for both the psychological contract literature as well as the team dynamics literature (especially team dynamics of team identification and TMX). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The increasing use of Mindfulness-based interventions requires standardized construct-based measurement instruments for clinical and research purposes. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire scale with five factors was developed in the United States and validated in Spain. There are versions of 39, 24 and 15 items (FFMQ-39, FFMQ-24 and FFMQ-15). OBJECTIVE: To validate the FFMQ-24 and FFMQ-15 scale in Chile. METHODOLOGY: Six experts performed a linguistic adaptation of the Spanish version of the FFMQ-24. The adapted instrument was applied to a sample of 795 physicians. Internal validity was analyzed by calculating Cronbach's alpha (α) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Finally, 15 items were retained, and the 5-factor solution was maintained. The FFMQ-15 scale was applied to a sample of 365 medical students and analyzed by calculating (α) and CFA. The external validity of FFMQ-15 was evaluated with the Mental Health Continiuum-14 (MHC-14) scale. RESULTS: Linguistic changes were made. The CFA of FFMQ-24 obtained a lower-than-expected fit for a 5-factor solution. The (α) value varied between .68 and .86 in all dimensions. The FFMQ-15 had an adequate fit for five factors for physicians (c2 = 216.17, df = 80, p < .01; CFI = .96; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .05 [.04, .06]; SRMR = .04) and students (c2 = 163.61, df = 80, p < .01; CF = .96; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .05 [.04, .07]; SRMR = .05). External validity with MHC-14 was adequate. CONCLUSION: The FFMQ-15 scale has acceptable internal consistency and adequate internal and external validity in Chile.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Psychometrics , Students, Medical/psychology , Mindfulness , Physicians/psychology , Translations , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, StatisticalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Self-compassion is understood as a mental framework when facing difficulties in life or personal insufficiency. It arises in response to the negative aspects of self-esteem. It is assessed using the 26 item and six factor Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in the United States and Spain but not in Chile. AIM: To validate the 12-item version (SCS-12) of the self-compassion scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A back translation process of the original SCS-12 scale was carried out and then it was reviewed by 6 experts. The scale was applied to a sample of 359 medical students and 795 physicians. For internal validity, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed for one, two, three, and six factors. For external validity, bivariate correlations were made with variables about mental health, burnout, symptoms of depression and anxiety. Finally, a path analysis was carried out to study the relationship between the six factors and mental health. RESULTS: The CFA for the six-factor model presents the best fit for both groups of respondents (χ2 = 216.17, df = 80, p < .01; comparative fit index (CF)I = .96; Tucker-Lewis index (TL)I = .94; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = .05 [.04, .06]; Standarized Root Mean-Square(SRMR) = .04 and χ2 = 85.97, df = 39, p < .01; CFI = .97; TLI = .95; RMSEA = .06 [.04, .07]; SRMR = .04). The external validity was adequate. CONCLUSIONS: The 12-item version of the linguistically adapted Self-Compassion Scale instrument applied to medical students and physicians in Chile, had adequate internal validity and psychometric properties.
Subject(s)
Humans , Self-Compassion , Psychometrics , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The increasing use of Mindfulness-based interventions requires standardized construct-based measurement instruments for clinical and research purposes. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire scale with five factors was developed in the United States and validated in Spain. There are versions of 39, 24 and 15 items (FFMQ-39, FFMQ-24 and FFMQ-15). OBJECTIVE: To validate the FFMQ-24 and FFMQ-15 scale in Chile. METHODOLOGY: Six experts performed a linguistic adaptation of the Spanish version of the FFMQ-24. The adapted instrument was applied to a sample of 795 physicians. Internal validity was analyzed by calculating Cronbach's alpha (α) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Finally, 15 items were retained, and the 5-factor solution was maintained. The FFMQ-15 scale was applied to a sample of 365 medical students and analyzed by calculating (α) and CFA. The external validity of FFMQ-15 was evaluated with the Mental Health Continiuum-14 (MHC-14) scale. RESULTS: Linguistic changes were made. The CFA of FFMQ-24 obtained a lower-than-expected fit for a 5-factor solution. The (α) value varied between .68 and .86 in all dimensions. The FFMQ-15 had an adequate fit for five factors for physicians (c2 = 216.17, df = 80, p < .01; CFI = .96; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .05 [.04, .06]; SRMR = .04) and students (c2 = 163.61, df = 80, p < .01; CF = .96; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .05 [.04, .07]; SRMR = .05). External validity with MHC-14 was adequate. CONCLUSION: The FFMQ-15 scale has acceptable internal consistency and adequate internal and external validity in Chile.
Subject(s)
Mindfulness , Psychometrics , Students, Medical , Humans , Chile , Female , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Male , Students, Medical/psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Adult , Physicians/psychology , Young Adult , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Translations , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Self-compassion is understood as a mental framework when facing difficulties in life or personal insufficiency. It arises in response to the negative aspects of self-esteem. It is assessed using the 26 item and six factor Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in the United States and Spain but not in Chile. AIM: To validate the 12-item version (SCS-12) of the self-compassion scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A back translation process of the original SCS-12 scale was carried out and then it was reviewed by 6 experts. The scale was applied to a sample of 359 medical students and 795 physicians. For internal validity, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed for one, two, three, and six factors. For external validity, bivariate correlations were made with variables about mental health, burnout, symptoms of depression and anxiety. Finally, a path analysis was carried out to study the relationship between the six factors and mental health. RESULTS: The CFA for the six-factor model presents the best fit for both groups of respondents (χ2 = 216.17, df = 80, p < .01; comparative fit index (CF)I = .96; Tucker-Lewis index (TL)I = .94; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = .05 [.04, .06]; Standarized Root Mean-Square(SRMR) = .04 and χ2 = 85.97, df = 39, p < .01; CFI = .97; TLI = .95; RMSEA = .06 [.04, .07]; SRMR = .04). The external validity was adequate. CONCLUSIONS: The 12-item version of the linguistically adapted Self-Compassion Scale instrument applied to medical students and physicians in Chile, had adequate internal validity and psychometric properties.