Dilemas de la objeción de conciencia en la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo: revisión integrativa de literatura / Dilemmas of conscientious objection in the voluntary interruption of pregnancy: integrative literature review

Introducción: La objeción de conciencia (OC) puede generar un conflicto para los profesionales de la salud en temas como la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE).Objetivo: Analizar los argumentos contenidos en la evidencia científica para la OC en el contexto de IVE. Método: Revisión integrativa literaria en seis etapas, obtenidos en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PUBMED, ISI Web of Science, LILACS y SciELO publicados entre 2018-2022 en idiomas inglés, portugués y español, ajustada a los requerimientos PRISMA. Los datos fueron resumidos mediante análisis temático. Resultados: A partir de 55 textos, 25 fueron analizados. Un 32% de las publicaciones se realizó en 2020, el 36% son análisis crítico de la literatura, 24% realizadas en Chile y un 32% se obtuvieron de PUBMED. Se obtienen tres categorías de trabajo: 1. Características de la OC. ¿Cómo afecta la OC a la salud pública? 2. La conveniencia de proceder a una regulación del ejercicio de la OC.3. Desafíos en materia de OC. Conclusiones: Se problematiza acerca de los aspectos que sostienen las actitudes profesionales, insistiendo en que, si bien la ley reconoce el ejercicio de OC en el ámbito de la salud, es necesario articular una protección bidireccional, de esta manera la OC se legitima y adquiere coherencia, velando por el derecho a la salud de las mujeres. Así, su argumento reside en el entendiendo que el principal compromiso de los equipos de salud es el bienestar de la salud sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres en todos los contextos. (AU)

Introduction: Conscientious objection (CO) can generate a conflict for health professionals on issues such as voluntary interruption of pregnancy (IVE). Objective: To analyze the arguments in the scientific evidence for CO in IVE. Method: Integrative literary review in six stages, obtained from the MEDLINE/PUBMED, ISI Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO databases published between 2018-2022 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, adjusted to PRISMA requirements. Data were summarized using thematic analysis.Results: From 55 texts, 25 were analyzed. 32% of the publications were made in 2020, 36% are critical analyses of the literature, 24% were made in Chile, and 32% were obtained from PUBMED. Three categories of work are accepted: 1. Characteristics of the CO. How does CO affect public health? 2. The advisability of proceeding to a regulation of the exercise of the CO.3. CO challenges. Conclusions: The aspects that support professional attitudes are problematized, insisting that, although the law recognizes the exercise of CO in the health field, it is necessary to articulate bidirectional protection; in this way, CO is legitimized and acquires coherence, ensuring the right to health of women. Thus, his argument resides in the understanding that the main commitment of health teams is the well-being of women's sexual and reproductive health in all contexts. (AU)

[Estimation of coronary heart disease risk in Chilean subjects based on adapted Framingham equations]. / Estimación de riesgo de enfermedad coronaria mediante la función de Framingham adaptada para la población chilena.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Chile and worldwide. Framingham functions were developed to calculate overall coronary heart disease risk. However these functions overestimate the risk in some countries like Chile. AIM: To develop Chilean risk tables to assess the overall 10-year risk of coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Framingham function was adapted for a population aged 35 to 74 years, based on an estimate of Chilean incidence of coronary heart disease and the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors such as age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes and smoking. RESULTS: The 10-year incidence of coronary heart disease in Chile (2.7% in men, 1.096 in women) was lower than the incidence in the United States (10.096/3.896) and Spain (4.996/2.296), but higher than China (1.196/0.496). Framingham tables have more than 50% of cells in the risk category of 10% or greater. In contrast, Chilean tables have less than 10% of cells in the same risk category. CONCLUSIONS: Adapted tables use local information to calculate overall coronary heart disease risk. A validation study should be conducted to assess their predictive power.

Estimación de riesgo de enfermedad coronaria mediante la función de Framingham adaptada para la población chilena / Estimation of coronary heart disease risk in Chilean subjects based on adapted Framingham equations

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Chile and worldwide. Framingham functions were developed to calculate overall coronary heart disease risk However these functions overestimate the risk in some countries ¡ike Chile. Aim To develop Chilean risk tables to assess the overall 10-year risk of coronary heart disease. Material and methods: The Framingham function was adapted for a population aged 35 to 74 years, based on an estimate of Chilean incidence of coronary heart disease and the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors such as age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes and smoking. Results: The 10-year incidence of coronary heart disease in Chile (2.7 percent in men, 1.096 in women) was lower than the incidence in the United States (10.096/3.896) and Spain (4.996/2.296), but higher than China (1.196/0.496). Framingham tables have more than 50 percent of cells in the risk category of 10 percent or greater. In contrast, Chilean tables have less than 10 percent of cells in the same risk category. Conclusions: Adapted tables use local information to calculate overall coronary heart disease risk. A validation study should be conducted to assess their predictive power.

Interconsultas de pediatría a psiquiatría infantil / Pediatric referral to child psychiatry

Este trabalho informa sobre la demanda por interconsulta al Servicio de Psiquiatria Infantil del Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna. Este estudio forma parte de una evaluación más amplia de salud mental infantil en el SSMO, con el objeto de detectar necesidades de capacitación. Se muestra que los problemas psiquiátricos infantiles constituyen una demanda importante y difícil de atender en el nivel secundario. Los diagnósticos principales son los trastornos emocionales, síndrome hiperquinético/déficit atencional y trastornos de la conducta. La demanda satisfecha es cercana e un 40%, y la concordancia diagnóstica entre el médico de atención primaria y el especialista es alta (73,4%). Se efectúan algunas consideraciones acerca de las líneas de trabajo a futuro: perfeccionamiento y ampliación de normas, organización del servicio especializado y programa de capacitación primario