Risk of endocarditis among patients with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus bacteremia.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are currently considered typical microorganisms causing infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with prosthetic valves. The objective was to determine variables associated with IE in patients with CoNS bacteremia. We performed an analysis of the clinical characteristics of patients with CoNS bacteremia admitted to a university hospital in Madrid (Spain) from 2021 to December 2022 according to the occurrence of IE. This study is an evaluation of a bacteremia registry. During the study period, 106 patients with CoNS bacteremia were detected. In 85 patients an echocardiogram was performed during hospital admission to rule out IE. Among them, 12 episodes were detected that met IE criteria (14.2%). Of the 6 patients with heart valve prostheses, 5 patients (83.3%) had IE (p < 0.001). Patients with IE more frequently had positive blood cultures more than 12 h after the first draw (58.3% versus 13.4%; p < 0.001). There was a tendency to associate community-acquired bacteremia and to that all blood culture bottles obtained were positive with an increased risk of IE (p = 0.091 and p = 0,057, respectively). Attributable mortality to infection was higher in patients with IE relative to all other patients (16.7% vs. 0%; p = 0.033). The multivariable analysis included having valve prosthesis and persistent bacteremia for more than 12 h. Both were independently associated with IE: valve prosthesis OR 38.6 (95% CI 5.8-258; p < 0.001) and persistent bacteremia OR 2.6 (95% CI 1.1-6.8; p = 0.046). In conclusion, a high percentage of cases of CoNS bacteremia may be due to IE. Some of the variables related to a higher risk of IE, such as having a valvular prosthesis or presenting positive blood cultures for more than 12 h, should lead to rule out or confirm the presence of IE by performing echocardiography.

Single-reaction multi-antigen serological test for comprehensive evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 patients by flow cytometry.

Here, we describe a new, simple, highly multiplexed serological test that generates a more complete picture of seroconversion than single antigen-based assays. Flow cytometry is used to detect multiple Ig isotypes binding to four SARS-CoV-2 antigens: the Spike glycoprotein, its RBD fragment (the main target for neutralizing antibodies), the nucleocapsid protein, and the main cysteine-like protease in a single reaction. Until now, most diagnostic serological tests measured antibodies to only one antigen and in some laboratory-confirmed patients no SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies could be detected. Our data reveal that while most patients respond against all the viral antigens tested, others show a marked bias to make antibodies against either proteins exposed on the viral particle or those released after cellular infection. With this assay, it was possible to discriminate between patients and healthy controls with 100% confidence. Analysing the response of multiple Ig isotypes to the four antigens in combination may also help to establish a correlation with the severity degree of disease. A more detailed description of the immune responses of different patients to SARS-CoV-2 virus might provide insight into the wide array of clinical presentations of COVID-19.

Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y nocturnidad: a propósito de un caso / Type 1 diabetes mellitus and night work: a case report

Se describe el caso de una mujer de 24 años, médico interno residente de un hospital de tercer nivel, diagnosticada de Diabetes Mellitus tipo I en tratamiento con la terapia de infusión subcutánea de insulina, con una hemoglobina glicosilada de 7,5%. Desde el servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales se solicita valoración por el servicio de Endocrinología, que informa que desde el punto de vista médico no existe contraindicación para la realización de nocturnidad (guardias médicas de 24 horas) debido al buen control de la enfermedad, la ausencia de complicaciones y el excelente conocimiento por parte de la paciente de su enfermedad y del autocontrol de la misma. Por tanto, se emite aptitud de la trabajadora con controles periódicas. Revisando la bibliografía, hay que destacar que la diabetes y el trabajo nocturno no son siempre incompatibles y que debe imperar siempre el buen criterio y la individualización de cada caso

We describe the case of a 24-year-old woman, an resident medical intern in an accredited hospital, diagnosed with Type I Diabetes Mellitus under treatment with subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy, with a glycosylated hemoglobin of 7.5%. From the Occupational Health service, a valuation was requested by the Endocrinology service, which informs that from the medical point of view there is no contraindication for the performance of night shifts (24-hour medical guards) due to good control of the disease, absence of complications and the excellent knowledge on the part of the patient of her illness and the self-control of it. Therefore, the worker’s aptitude is issued with periodic checks. Reviewing the bibliography, it should be noted that diabetes and night work are not always incompatible and that good judgment and individualization of each case should always prevail