Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 10 de 10
Filter
Add more filters











Publication year range
1.
Nutrients ; 15(17)2023 Aug 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37686702

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective is to provide updated data on the intake of total dietary fibre in the population residing in Chile and to identify food sources that contribute most to its intake, as well as its association with different sociodemographic and nutritional status-related determinants. METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a nationwide survey was applied to determine fibre intake using an instrument that has been previously validated in the resident population of Chile. RESULTS: The sample consisted of a total of 1761 participants. Dietary fibre intake was 12.8 ± 7.1 g/day for the total population, and 90% of participants did not meet the recommendation, with no differences in consumption by sex, geographical area, and the urban/rural population. A lower consumption was found among participants with overweight and obesity. According to food groups, bread was the major contributor to fibre intake, providing 4.39 ± 3.05 g/day, followed by cereals (2.26 ± 2.80 g/day) and vegetables (1.85 ± 1.59 g/day). CONCLUSIONS: 90% of the population consume less fibre than recommended, and bread is the main food source; these data are critical for the development of strategies that are aimed at changing habits in order to improve diet quality.


Subject(s)
Bread , Dietary Fiber , Humans , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Edible Grain
2.
J Chem Phys ; 158(22)2023 Jun 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37294907

ABSTRACT

In this work, we propose a theoretical finite element description of the ionic profiles of a general mixture of n species of spherical charged particles dissolved in an implicit solvent, with arbitrary size and charge asymmetries, neutralizing a spherical macroion. This approach aims to close the gap between the nano- and the micro-scales in macroion solutions, taking into account the ion correlations and ionic excluded volume effects consistently. When these last two features are neglected, the classical non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann theory for n ionic species-with different ionic closest approach distances to the colloidal surface-is recovered as a limit case. As a proof of concept, we study the electrical double layer of an electroneutral mixture of oppositely charged colloids and small microions, with an asymmetry 1:333 in size and 1:10 in valence, in salt-free and added salt environments. Our theoretical approach displays a good agreement regarding the ionic profiles, the integrated charge, and the mean electrostatic potential obtained from molecular dynamics simulations with explicit-sized microions. Although the non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann colloid-colloid and colloid-microion profiles differ notably from those obtained via molecular dynamics simulations with explicit small-sized ions, the associated mean electrostatic potential agrees well with the corresponding explicit microion simulations.


Subject(s)
Colloids , Electricity , Ions , Static Electricity , Solvents
3.
Nutrients ; 15(4)2023 Feb 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36839258

ABSTRACT

Dietary fiber has been associated with health benefits; therefore, the availability of validated tools to assess food consumption associated with high-fiber foods would allow the quantification of the intake of this functional nutrient, the identification of risk groups and target populations, and the development of public policies and/or programs aimed at improving the health of the population. In this study, a fiber intake short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was translated into Spanish, and its content validity was determined by a group of experts, to subsequently conduct a pilot test including 198 subjects aged 36 ± 12.5 years, residing in Chile (46 men and 150 women), with the purpose of quantifying dietary fiber intake. The global assessment of the FFQ revealed a validity coefficient of 0.98 ± 0.02; after the application of the pilot, the mean dietary fiber intake in adult Chilean residents was 12.3 g per day, with similar results to those found in the National Food Consumption Survey 2010 (12.5 g per day in men, and 11.5 g in women). The FFQ is a quick and valid tool to classify people on the basis of their habitual dietary fiber intake.


Subject(s)
Dietary Fiber , Nutrients , Male , Humans , Adult , Female , Chile , Pilot Projects , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Diet , Energy Intake , Diet Records
4.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 35(1)ene.-mar. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441711

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Relacionar la anisometropía con la estereopsis en pacientes miopes con o sin astigmatismo asociado poscirugía refractiva corneal con láser de excímero (LASEK-MMC o PRK-MMC). Método: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental del tipo antes y después, en el que fueron incluidos 81 pacientes (162 ojos) tratados con LASEK-MMC (65 pacientes) o PRK-MMC (16 pacientes) seguidos por tres meses, en el servicio de Cirugía Refractiva del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer (ICORPF), en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2018 a enero del 2019. Las variables estudiadas fueron anisometropía, diferencia de longitudes axiles, así como la estereopsis. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 24,7 ± 3,7 años en el grupo tratados con LASEK-MMC y 24,1 ± 3,1 años en los tratados con PRK-MMC. El 100 por ciento de los pacientes tenían un astigmatismo miópico compuesto, en ambos ojos. El 47,7 por ciento de los pacientes operados con LASEK-MMC, presentaba anisometropía previo a la operación, mientras que 4 pacientes la presentaron después (6,2 por ciento) (p = 0,000). El 31,3 por ciento de los pacientes tratados con PRK-MMC, estaba afectado previo a la cirugía y ese porcentaje disminuyó más de 5 veces después de la cirugía (p = 0,000). Con la cirugía la estereopsis mejoró en particular cuando no existieron antecedentes de anisometropía. Conclusiones: Los pacientes tratados con PRK-MMC y con LASEK-MMC experimentan una disminución d la anisometropía y una mejoría de estereopsis(AU)


Objective: To relate anisometropia to stereopsis in myopic patients with or without associated astigmatism after excimer laser corneal refractive surgery (laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy [LASEK] or photorefractive keratectomy [PRK], with intraoperative application of mitomycin-C [MMC]). Methods: A preexperimental, before-and-after study was carried out with 81 patients (162 eyes) treated with LASEK-MMC (65 patients) or PRK-MMC (16 patients) and followed for three months, in the refractive surgery service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology, in the period from January 2018 to January 2019. The variables studied were anisometropia, axial length difference, apart from stereopsis. Results: The average age was 24.7±3.7 years in the group treated with LASEKMMC and 24.1±3.1 years among the patients treated with PRK-MMC. 100 percent of the patients had compound myopic astigmatism in both eyes. Anisometropia was present in 47.7 percent of LASEK-MMC patients before the surgery, while four patients had anisometropia after the surgery (6.2 percent) (P=0.000). Of the patients treated with PRK-MMC, 31.3 percent were affected before surgery; this percentage decreased more than five times after surgery (P=0.000). Surgery improved stereopsis, particularly when there was no history of anisometropia. Conclusions: Patients treated with PRK-MMC and LASEK-MMC experience decreased anisometropia and improved stereopsis(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult
5.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 35(1): e1190, ene.-mar. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1409025

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar los resultados motores post cirugía refractiva corneal con láser de excímero en pacientes miopes con o sin astigmatismo asociado. Método: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental del tipo antes y después, en el que fueron incluidos 81 pacientes (162 ojos) tratados con LASEK-MMC (65 pacientes) o PRK-MMC (16 pacientes) seguidos por tres meses. Se les realizó un examen oftalmológico completo y se evaluaron las siguientes variables: punto próximo de convergencia, la amplitud de convergencia, divergencia y el alineamiento ocular precirugía y poscirugía. Resultados: Con la cirugía se observó un incremento significativo del punto próximo de convergencia (LASEK-MMC: p = 0,000 y PRK-MMC: p = 0,021). La amplitud de convergencia de cerca y de lejos, así como la amplitud de divergencia tendieron a disminuir, pero la diferencia no fue significativa (p > 0,05). Aumentó el porcentaje de pacientes con exodesviaciones de cerca, después de la cirugía LASEK-MMC (26,2 por ciento → 60,0 por ciento, p = 0,000) y de la PRK-MMC (18,8 por ciento → 81,3 por ciento, p = 0,000), y predominaron las heteroforias pequeñas en ambos casos (LASEK-MMC: 52,3 por ciento y PRK-MMC: 75,0 por ciento). Conclusiones: Con la cirugía fotoablativa con láser, aumentaron las exodesviaciones en el posoperatorio, pero se trató fundamentalmente de heteroforias pequeñas, aunque un número reducido de pacientes desarrolló nuevas exodesviaciones(AU)


Objective: To determine the eye movement outcomes after excimer laser corneal refractive surgery in myopic patients with or without associated astigmatism. Methods: A preexperimental, before-and-after study was carried out with 81 patients (162 eyes) treated with laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) (65 patients) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) (16), with intraoperative application of mitomycin-C (MMC) in both cases, and followed for three months. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed and the following variables were evaluated before and after the surgery: near convergence point, convergence amplitude, divergence and ocular alignment. Results: With surgery, a significant increase in the near point of convergence was observed (LASEK-MMC: P=0.000; PRK-MMC: P=0.021). The near and far convergence amplitude tended to decrease, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The percentage of patients with near exodeviations increased after LASEK-MMC (26.2 percent → 60.0 percent, P=0.000) and PRK-MMC (18.8 percent → 81.3 percent, P=0.000), while small heterophorias predominated in both cases (LASEK-MMC: 52.3 percent and PRK-MMC: 75.0 percent). Conclusions: With laser photoablative surgery, exodeviations increased after surgery, but these were primarily small heterophorias, although a small number of patients developed new exodeviations(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Astigmatism/etiology , Refractive Surgical Procedures , Lasers, Excimer , Strabismus , Photorefractive Keratectomy
6.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 35(1): e1187, ene.-mar. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1409024

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados refractivos y visuales post cirugía refractiva corneal con láser de excímero (LASEK-MMC o PRK-MMC) en pacientes miopes con o sin astigmatismo asociado. Método: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental del tipo antes y después, en el que fueron incluidos 81 pacientes (162 ojos) tratados con LASEK-MMC (65 pacientes) o PRK-MMC (16 pacientes) seguidos por tres meses. Se les realizó un examen oftalmológico completo y se evaluaron las variables: edad, sexo, diagnóstico y tipo de miopía, así como agudeza visual, esfera, cilindro, equivalente esférico precirugía y poscirugía. Además, se analizó la función visual y los resultados de la refracción. Resultados: El valor de la mediana de edad fue de 24,0 años en los pacientes tratados con LASEK-MMC y en el grupo con PRK-MMC fue de 23,0 años. En ambos grupos existió un predominio del sexo femenino. La totalidad de los pacientes tratados presentaba un astigmatismo miópico compuesto con niveles de miopía leve. A los tres meses el 96,9 por ciento de los pacientes tratados con LASEK-MMC y el 93,8 por ciento de los tratados con PRK-MMC tenían una agudeza visual no corregida de 20/20 o más y todos tenían una visión de 20/40 o más. Conclusiones: La cirugía fotoablativa con láser tiene buenos resultados refractivos y visuales ya que la mayoría de los pacientes quedaron emétropes con una marcada mejoría de la agudeza visual sin corrección y de la refracción en el posoperatorio(AU)


Objective: To evaluate refractive and visual outcomes after excimer laser corneal refractive surgery (laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy [LASEK] or photorefractive keratectomy [PRK], with intraoperative application of mitomycin-C [MMC]) in myopic patients with or without associated astigmatism. Methods: A preexperimental, before-and-after study was carried out with 81 patients (162 eyes) treated with LASEK-MMC (65 patients) or PRK-MMC (16 patients) and followed for three months. A complete ophthalmologic examination was done and the following variables age, sex, diagnosis and type of myopia were assessed, as well as pre-surgery and post-surgery visual acuity, sphere, cylinder and spherical equivalent. In addition, visual function and the refraction results were analyzed. Results: The median age was 24.0 years in the LASEK-MMC group and 23.0 years in the PRK-MMC group. In both groups there was a predominance of the female sex. All treated patients had compound myopic astigmatism with mild myopia. At three months, 96.9 percent of patients treated with LASEK-MMC and 93.8 percent of patients treated with PRK-MMC had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better, and all had vision of 20/40 or better. Conclusions: Laser photoablative surgery has good refractive and visual outcomes as most patients became emmetropic with marked improvement in uncorrected visual acuity and refraction postoperatively(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Astigmatism , Refractive Surgical Procedures , Lasers, Excimer , Myopia/diagnosis , Mitomycin/therapeutic use , Photorefractive Keratectomy
7.
Nutr. hosp ; 36(4): 890-897, jul.-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-184715

ABSTRACT

Introduction: consumption of non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) has increased worldwide in the last 35 years. Objective: to determine the consumption of NCS among pregnant Chilean women and measure if consumption exceeded the acceptable daily intake. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study of pregnant women from the two main cities in Chile. Women were interviewed to determine the consumption of NCS and socioeconomic level; anthropometry was measured. Results: six hundred and one pregnant women were interviewed; 98% of pregnant women surveyed consumed NCS. The most consumed sweetener was sucralose (95.6%), followed by acesulfame k (80.6%), stevia (78.3%), aspartame (75.1%), saccharin (14.8%), and cyclamate (10%). We observed that consumption closest to the acceptable daily intake was reported for stevia (82.5%), followed by acesulfame k (44%). However, except stevia, which reached 12%, average values were under 5% of the acceptable daily intake. No pregnant woman in the sample exceeded the acceptable daily intake and there were no differences in sweetener consumption by trimester of pregnancy or by socioeconomic level. Conclusions: a high prevalence of NCS consumption was observed, however, none of the pregnant women exceeded the acceptable daily intake


Introducción: el consumo de edulcorantes no calóricos (ENC) ha aumentado en todo el mundo en los últimos 35 años. Objetivo: determinar el consumo de ENC en embarazadas chilenas y medir si el consumo excede la ingesta diaria admisible (IDA). Métodos: realizamos un estudio transversal en embarazadas, proveniente de las dos principales ciudades de Chile. Se las entrevistó para determinar el consumo de ENC y nivel socioeconómico, además se realizó antropometría. Resultados: se entrevistaron a 601 embarazadas; el 98% de las embarazadas encuestadas consumieron ENC. El edulcorante más consumido fue sucralosa (95,6%), seguido de acesulfamo k (80,6%), estevia (78,3%), aspartamo (75,1%), sacarina (14,8%) y ciclamato (10%). Observamos que el consumo más cercano a la IDA se reportó para la estevia (82,5%), seguido de acesulfamo k (44%). Sin embargo, excepto la estevia, que alcanzó el 12% de adecuación con respecto al IDA, los valores promedio estuvieron por debajo del 5% de la IDA. Ninguna mujer embarazada en la muestra excedió la IDA y no hubo diferencias en el consumo de ENC por trimestre del embarazo o por nivel socioeconómico. Conclusiones: se observó una alta prevalencia de consumo de ENC, sin embargo, ninguna de las mujeres embarazadas excedió la IDA


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Non-Nutritive Sweeteners/administration & dosage , Saccharin/administration & dosage , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Anthropometry , Nutrition Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Chile
8.
Nutr Hosp ; 36(4): 890-897, 2019 Aug 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31192687

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: consumption of non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) has increased worldwide in the last 35 years. Objective: to determine the consumption of NCS among pregnant Chilean women and measure if consumption exceeded the acceptable daily intake. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study of pregnant women from the two main cities in Chile. Women were interviewed to determine the consumption of NCS and socioeconomic level; anthropometry was measured. Results: six hundred and one pregnant women were interviewed; 98% of pregnant women surveyed consumed NCS. The most consumed sweetener was sucralose (95.6%), followed by acesulfame k (80.6%), stevia (78.3%), aspartame (75.1%), saccharin (14.8%), and cyclamate (10%). We observed that consumption closest to the acceptable daily intake was reported for stevia (82.5%), followed by acesulfame k (44%). However, except stevia, which reached 12%, average values were under 5% of the acceptable daily intake. No pregnant woman in the sample exceeded the acceptable daily intake and there were no differences in sweetener consumption by trimester of pregnancy or by socioeconomic level. Conclusions: a high prevalence of NCS consumption was observed, however, none of the pregnant women exceeded the acceptable daily intake.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el consumo de edulcorantes no calóricos (ENC) ha aumentado en todo el mundo en los últimos 35 años. Objetivo: determinar el consumo de ENC en embarazadas chilenas y medir si el consumo excede la ingesta diaria admisible (IDA). Métodos: realizamos un estudio transversal en embarazadas, proveniente de las dos principales ciudades de Chile. Se las entrevistó para determinar el consumo de ENC y nivel socioeconómico, además se realizó antropometría. Resultados: se entrevistaron a 601 embarazadas; el 98% de las embarazadas encuestadas consumieron ENC. El edulcorante más consumido fue sucralosa (95,6%), seguido de acesulfamo k (80,6%), estevia (78,3%), aspartamo (75,1%), sacarina (14,8%) y ciclamato (10%). Observamos que el consumo más cercano a la IDA se reportó para la estevia (82,5%), seguido de acesulfamo k (44%). Sin embargo, excepto la estevia, que alcanzó el 12% de adecuación con respecto al IDA, los valores promedio estuvieron por debajo del 5% de la IDA. Ninguna mujer embarazada en la muestra excedió la IDA y no hubo diferencias en el consumo de ENC por trimestre del embarazo o por nivel socioeconómico. Conclusiones: se observó una alta prevalencia de consumo de ENC, sin embargo, ninguna de las mujeres embarazadas excedió la IDA.


Subject(s)
Non-Nutritive Sweeteners/administration & dosage , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Adult , Aspartame/administration & dosage , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cyclamates/administration & dosage , Diterpenes, Kaurane/administration & dosage , Female , Glucosides/administration & dosage , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnant Women , Saccharin/administration & dosage , Social Class , Sucrose/administration & dosage , Sucrose/analogs & derivatives , Thiazines/administration & dosage
9.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 44(1): 103-110, mar. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844513

ABSTRACT

Pregnancy is a condition of special concern due to the need to care for both mother and fetus. One of the main recommendations during this time is weight control. Exceeding weight gain recommendations increases the risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension, obesity, pre-eclampsia, cesarean delivery, premature birth, neural tube defects, and macrosomia, among others. Thus, weight gain within guidelines decreases the chances of these complications. One recommended way to avoid excess weight gain is to replace sugar for nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS), bearing in mind that the sale of these substances, especially sodas and sweets, have increased worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the possible risks and benefits of perigestational consumption of NNS. NNS are widely consumed to substitute sugar and provide a sweet taste without contributing to energy intake; however there are no long-term studies in humans that confirm their safety. A study of the legal regulations of the use of NNS requires ongoing review, especially when it comes to pregnancy, since the statements of different health departments around the world are conflicting.


El embarazo es un momento de especial preocupación debido a que la atención se centra en la salud de la madre y el feto. Una de las recomendaciones para embarazadas es el control de peso. Exceder las recomendaciones sobre el incremento de peso gestacional aumenta el riesgo de padecer diabetes gestacional, hipertensión arterial, sobrepeso, obesidad, pre-eclampsia, parto por cesárea, partos prematuros, defectos del tubo neural, macrosomía, entre otros. Por lo tanto, un incremento de peso adecuado en el embarazo permite evitar estas complicaciones. Algunas de las recomendaciones para evitar el aumento de peso excesivo, es reemplazar la sacarosa por Edulcorantes no nutritivos (ENN), considerando que su consumo, y en especial de bebidas y productos azucarados, se ha incrementado a nivel mundial en los últimos años. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la bibliografía disponible en relación a los posibles riesgos y beneficios de consumir ENN en el embarazo. Los ENN son ampliamente consumidos en la población, en reemplazo del azúcar, como una estrategia para el ahorro de calorías extras, sin embargo, su utilización en mujeres embarazadas no cuenta con estudios en humanos a largo plazo que avalen su seguridad. En relación al marco legal que regula el uso de ENN, se requiere de la revisión permanente para actualizar la información en relación a la seguridad de su consumo, especialmente en mujeres embarazadas, ya que al revisar las directrices de ministerios de salud de diversos países en relación a recomendar o no la utilización de ENN son discordantes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aspartame , Saccharin , Pregnancy , Stevia , Prenatal Nutrition , Non-Nutritive Sweeteners , Pregnant Women
10.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 15(3): e160162, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895098

ABSTRACT

The feeding habits of Makaira nigricans, Kajikia audax, Istiophorus platypterus (Istiophoridae), and Xiphias gladius (Xiphiidae) in the southeast Pacific Ocean were examined in Manta and Santa Rosa, Ecuador. This study describes the diets of these billfish species, evaluates dietary differences between species, and assesses seasonal differences in diet. A total of 274 M. nigricans, 321 K. audax, 267 I. platypterus, and 252 X. gladius were collected between February 2014 and April 2015. The scombrid Auxis spp. was the most important prey for M. nigricans, K. audax and I. platypterus, while the squid Dosidicus gigas was the most important prey for X. gladius. The results of the ANOSIM confirmed significant differences in feeding habits between the members of the family Istiophoridae and X. gladius. Seasonal differences for I. platypterus also were observed. Billfishes are specialist consumers with a narrow niche breadth (B a: M. nigricans and K. audax=0.1, I. platypterus=0.05, and X. gladius=0.04).(AU)


Los hábitos alimentarios de Makaira nigricans, Kajikia audax, Istiophorus platypterus (Istiophoridae) y Xiphias gladius (Xiphiidae) en el Océano Pacífico sudeste se examinaron en Manta y Santa Rosa, Ecuador. Este estudio describe las dietas de estas especies de peces de pico, evalúa las diferencias de la dieta entre especies y las diferencias estacionales en la dieta. Se obtuvo un total de 274 M. nigricans, 321 K. audax, 267 I. platypterus y 252 X. gladius entre febrero 2014 y abril 2015. El escómbrido Auxis spp. fue la presa más importante para M. nigricans, K. audax y I. platypterus, mientras que el calamar Dosidicus gigas fue la presa más importante para X. gladius. Los resultados de ANOSIM confirmaron diferencias significativas en los hábitos alimentarios entre los miembros de la familia Istiophoridae y X. gladius. También se observaron diferencias estacionales para I. platypterus. Los peces de pico son consumidores especialistas con una amplitud de nicho estrecha (B a: M. nigricans y K. audax=0.1, I. platypterus=0.05 y X.gladius=0.04).(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/metabolism , Nutrition Ecology , Feeding Behavior/classification
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL