Synthesis, crystal structure, and cytotoxicity studies of titanacalix[4 and 8]arene complexes.

Reaction of 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-dihydroxy-26,28-bis(2-pentoxy)calix[4]arene (L(OH)2(Opentyl)2) with [TiCl4] afforded the dichlorotitanoacalix[4]arene complex [TiCl2L(O)2(Opentyl)2] (1) in good yield. Hydrolysis of 1 led to the isolation of the complex {[TiL(O)3(Opentyl)]2(µ-OH)(µ-Cl)} (2). Reaction of 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-p-tert-butyl-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octapropoxycalix[8]arene (L'(Opropyl)8) with [TiCl4] in refluxing toluene afforded, following work-up, a 35 : 65 mixture (3) of the complex [Ti(NCMe)Cl]2[TiCl(µ-O)]2L' and the silicone grease derived complex [Ti(NCMe)Cl]2[Ti(µ-O)]2[OSi(CH3)2OSi(CH3)2O]L' in which the grease replaces two chloride ligands. The molecular structures of 1·2MeCN, 2·7»MeCN, and 3·10MeCN have been determined. The complexes were studied using in vitro cell assays and were found to have CC50 values in the range 111-186 µM, i.e. they have low toxicity.

NEUROZONE: on-line recognition of brain structures in stereotactic surgery--application to Parkinson's disease.

The success of stereotactic surgery for Deep Brain Stimulation depends critically on the exact positioning of a microelectrode recording in a target area of the brain. This paper presents the software system NEUROZONE composed of two main applications: first, it allows online recognition of brain structures by the analysis of signals from microelectrode recordings (MER), and second, it processes and analyses off-line databases allowing the inclusion of new trained classifiers for automatic identification. The software serves as a support to the analysis done by a medical specialist during surgery, and seeks to reduce the adverse side effects that may occur because of inadequate identification of the target areas. The software also allows the specialists to label recordings obtained during surgery, in order to generate a new off-line database or increase the amount of records in an already existing off-line database. NEUROZONE has been tested for Deep Brain Stimulation performed at the Institute for Epilepsy and Parkinson of the Eje Cafetero (Colombia), achieving positive identifications of the Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) over to 85% using a naive Bayes classifier.

Efficacy of high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy in patients with oral tongue carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of high-dose-rate (HDR)-interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) in oral tongue carcinomas. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between September 1999 and August 2007, 50 patients were treated for oral tongue carcinoma with HDR-ISBT. The patient's mean age was 58 years. Forty-two patients were in T1-2 stage and 8 patients were in T3 stage; 16 patients were in N+ stage and 34 patients in N0 stage. Exclusive ISBT was given to 17 patients (34%) in T1-2 N0 stage and complementary to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to 33 patients (66%). A perioperative technique was performed on 14 patients. The median total dose was 44 Gy when HDR was used alone (4 Gy per fraction) and 18 Gy when complementary to 50 Gy EBRT (3 Gy per fraction). RESULTS: The median followup was 44 months. Actuarial disease-free survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 81% and 74%, respectively. Local failure developed in 7 patients. Actuarial local control (LC) rates were 87% and 79% at 3 and 5 years in T1-2 stage 94.5% and 91% and T3 stage 43% and 43% (with salvage surgery). Exclusive HDR cases showed LC in 100% of the cases, and the combined group (EBRT+HDR) showed LC in 80% and 69% of the cases at 3 and 5 years (p=0.044). Soft-tissue necrosis developed in 16% and bone necrosis in 4% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: HDR brachytherapy is an effective method for the treatment of oral tongue carcinoma in low-risk cases. Doses per fraction between 3 and 4 Gy yield LC and complication rates similar to low-dose rate. The perioperative technique promises encouraging results.

Paraganglioma laríngeo, diagnóstico y tratamiento. A propósito de un caso / Laryngeal paraganglioma: diagnosis and treatment. A propos of a case

Los paragangliomas laríngeos (PGL) son tumores poco frecuentes, derivados del sistema neuroendocrino, que suelen iniciarse como una masa submucosa endolaríngea, con predilección por el sexo femenino. Aportamos un nuevo caso a los 77 publicados. Presentamos las características clínicas, radiológicas y quirúrgicas de un PGL supraglótico de una mujer de 40 años de edad, con clínica de 8 meses de evolución de ronquera. El tumor fue resecado mediante tirotomía lateral, previa embolización selectiva. La paciente permanece libre de enfermedad después de 18 meses tras la cirugía. La tomografía computarizada, la angiografía y la embolización preoperatorias son útiles en el diagnóstico y en la reducción del sangrado periquirúrgico. La exéresis completa vía externa con conservación mucosa es el tratamiento de elección

Paragangliomas of the larynx (LPG) are unusual neuroendocrine tumors that are seen as a vascular submucosal mass, with a female predilection. We add another case of LPG to the 77 previously reported in the literature. We present the clinical, radiologic, and surgical features of a supraglottic LPG seen in a 40-year-old woman with a 8-month history of slowly progressive hoarseness. The tumor was removed approaching a lateral thyrotomy. The patient remains disease free 18 months after surgery. Preoperative CT, angiography, and embolization are useful in making the diagnosis and reducing perisurgical bleeding of LPG before surgical intervention. Complete excision through an external mucosa-sparing approach is the treatment of choice

[Laryngeal paraganglioma: diagnosis and treatment. A propos of a case]. / Paraganglioma laríngeo, diagnóstico y tratamiento. A propósito de un caso.

Paragangliomas of the larynx (LPG) are unusual neuroendocrine tumors that are seen as a vascular submucosal mass, with a female predilection. We add another case of LPG to the 77 previously reported in the literature. We present the clinical, radiologic, and surgical features of a supraglottic LPG seen in a 40-year-old woman with a 8-month history of slowly progressive hoarseness. The tumor was removed approaching a lateral thyrotomy. The patient remains disease free 18 months after surgery. Preoperative CT, angiography, and embolization are useful in making the diagnosis and reducing perisurgical bleeding of LPG before surgical intervention. Complete excision through an external mucosa-sparing approach is the treatment of choice.