Pectus excavatum. Surgical treatment: Structural or aesthetic?

INTRODUCTION: Pectus excavatum is a wall deformity that often warrants medical evaluation. In most cases, it's a purely visual aesthetic alteration, while in others, it comes with symptoms. Several surgical techniques have been described, but their outcomes are difficult to assess due to the heterogeneity of presentations and the lack of long-term follow-up. We present our experience as thoracic surgeons, assessing correction as either structural (remodeling of the thoracic cage through open surgery) or aesthetic (design and implantation of a customized 3D prosthesis). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of the indication for surgical treatment of pectus excavatum carried out by a team of thoracic surgeons and the short- to mid-term results. RESULTS: Between 2021 and 2023, we treated 36 cases surgically, either through thoracic cage remodeling techniques or with 3D prostheses. There were few minor complications, and the short- to mid-term results were positive: alleviation of symptoms or compression of structures when present, or aesthetic correction of the defect in other cases. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for pectus excavatum should be evaluated for structural correction of the wall or aesthetics. In the former, thoracic cage remodeling requiring cartilage excision and possibly osteotomies is necessary. In the latter, the defect is corrected with a customized 3D prosthesis.

Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones tras tratamiento quirúrgico del carcinoma broncopulmonar / Risk factors for the development of complications after surgical treatment for bronchopulmonary carcinoma

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento más adecuado en la mayoría de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón en estadio inicial es la resección quirúrgica. A pesar de evaluar anteriormente que el estado de cada paciente sea el adecuado para detectar posibles complicaciones inherentes a la intervención quirúrgica, no se ha alcanzado ningún consenso sobre los factores que son de «alto riesgo» en esos pacientes. Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la morbilidad y la incidencia de mortalidad asociada con esta intervención quirúrgica en nuestro entorno con un estudio multicéntrico y descubrir los parámetros de riesgo. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio de análisis prospectivo con 3.307 pacientes operados de carcinoma broncopulmonar en 24 hospitales. Las variables de estudio fueron edad, sistema TNM, sexo, estadio, tabaquismo, abordaje quirúrgico, resección quirúrgica, escala ECOG, tratamiento neoadyuvante, comorbilidad, valores espirométricos y morbimortalidad intra- y postoperatoria. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística multivariante de los factores pronósticos de morbilidad y mortalidad. RESULTADOS: Registramos el 34,2% de morbilidad postoperatoria y el 2,1% de mortalidad postoperatoria. Sexo, infarto de miocardio, angina, ECOG ≥ 1, EPOC, DLCO < 60%, estado clínico patológico, resección quirúrgica y abordaje quirúrgico aparecieron como factores pronósticos de morbilidad y mortalidad en cirugía de cáncer de pulmón en nuestra serie. CONCLUSIONES: Las principales variables que deben tenerse en cuenta al evaluar a pacientes con cáncer de pulmón para realizarles una intervención quirúrgica son sexo, infarto de miocardio, angina, ECOG, EPOC, DLCO, estado clínico patológico, resección quirúrgica y abordaje quirúrgico

INTRODUCTION: The most suitable treatment in most early-stage lung cancer patients is surgical resection. Despite previously assessing each patient's status being relevant to detect possible complications inherent to surgery, no consensus has been reached on which factors are "high risk" in such patients. Our study aimed to analyse the morbidity and the mortality incidence associated with this surgery in our setting with a multicentre study and to detect risk parameters. METHODS: A prospective analysis study with 3,307 patients operated for bronchopulmonary carcinoma in 24 hospitals. Study variables were age, TNM, gender, stage, smoking habit, surgery approach, surgical resection, ECOG, neoadjuvant therapy, comorbidity, spirometric values, and intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of the morbidity and mortality predictor factors was done. RESULTS: We recorded 34.2% postoperative morbidity and 2.1% postoperative mortality. Gender, myocardial infarction, angina, ECOG ≥1, COPD, DLCO <60%, clinical pathological status, surgical resection and surgery approach were shown as morbidity and mortality predictor factors in lung cancer surgery in our series. CONCLUSIONS: The main variables to consider when assessing the lung cancer patients to undergo surgery are gender, myocardial infarction, angina, ECOG, COPD, DLCO, clinical pathological status, surgical resection and surgery approach

Pioderma gangrenoso en herida quirúrgica de lobectomía pulmonar / Pyoderma gangrenosum in a pulmonary lobectomy surgical wound

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Risk factors for the development of complications after surgical treatment for bronchopulmonary carcinoma. / Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones tras tratamiento quirúrgico del carcinoma broncopulmonar.

INTRODUCTION: The most suitable treatment in most early-stage lung cancer patients is surgical resection. Despite previously assessing each patient's status being relevant to detect possible complications inherent to surgery, no consensus has been reached on which factors are "high risk" in such patients. Our study aimed to analyse the morbidity and the mortality incidence associated with this surgery in our setting with a multicentre study and to detect risk parameters. METHODS: A prospective analysis study with 3,307 patients operated for bronchopulmonary carcinoma in 24 hospitals. Study variables were age, TNM, gender, stage, smoking habit, surgery approach, surgical resection, ECOG, neoadjuvant therapy, comorbidity, spirometric values, and intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of the morbidity and mortality predictor factors was done. RESULTS: We recorded 34.2% postoperative morbidity and 2.1% postoperative mortality. Gender, myocardial infarction, angina, ECOG ≥1, COPD, DLCO <60%, clinical pathological status, surgical resection and surgery approach were shown as morbidity and mortality predictor factors in lung cancer surgery in our series. CONCLUSIONS: The main variables to consider when assessing the lung cancer patients to undergo surgery are gender, myocardial infarction, angina, ECOG, COPD, DLCO, clinical pathological status, surgical resection and surgery approach.

Clinical Significance of Molecular Micrometastasis in the Sentinel Lymph Node of Early-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

OBJECTIVES: Metastatic affectation of lymph node is the main prognostic factor in localized lung cancer. A pathologic study of the obtained samples, even after adequate lymphadenectomy, showed tumor relapses for 20% of stage I patients after oncological curative surgery. We evaluated the prognostic value of molecular micrometastasis in the sentinel lymph node of patients with early-stage lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sentinel node was marked immediately after performing thoracotomy by peritumorally injecting 0.25 mCi of nanocoloid of albumin (Nanocol1) labeled with Tc-99m in 0.3 mL. Guided by a Navigator1 gammagraphic sensor, we proceeded to its resection. The RNA of the tissue was extracted, and the presence of genes CEACAM5, BPIFA1, and CK7 in mRNA was studied. The significant association between the presence of micrometastasis, clinicopathologic characteristics, and patients' outcome was assessed. RESULTS: Eighty-nine stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer patients were included in the study. Of the 89 analyzed sentinel lymph nodes, 44 (49.4%) were positive for CK7, 24 (26.9%) for CEACAM5, and 17 (19.1%) for BPIFA1, whereas 10 (11.2%) were positive for the 3 analyzed genes. A survival analysis showed no significant relation between the presence of molecular micrometastasis in the sentinel node and patients' progression. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular analysis of the sentinel node in patients with early-stage lung cancer shows node affectation in cases staged as stage I/II by hematoxylin-eosin or an immunohistochemical analysis. However, this nodal affectation was not apparently related to patients' outcome.

El ganglio centinela en el carcinoma pulmonar. Estudio molecular tras detección con radioisótopo / Sentinel lymph node in pulmonary carcinoma. Molecular study after radioisotope detection

INTRODUCCIÓN: La afectación metastásica a nivel ganglionar es el principal factor pronóstico en el carcinoma pulmonar localizado. Pese al estudio anatomopatológico de las piezas obtenidas tras una adecuada linfadenectomía mediastínica, la recidiva tumoral alcanza el 40% en pacientes estadio I tras la cirugía oncológica curativa. En este trabajo hemos realizado el estudio de micrometástasis por métodos moleculares en el ganglio centinela de pacientes con carcinoma pulmonar estadio i. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Marcaje del ganglio centinela mediante la inyección peritumoral de 2 mCi de nanocoloide de albúmina (Nanocol®) marcado con 99mTc en un volumen de 0,3 ml tras la toracotomía. Guiados mediante la sonda gammagráfica Navigator® se procedió a su localización y exéresis. Se extrajo ARN de los tejidos y se analizó la presencia de ARNm de los genes CEACAM5, PLUNC y CK7. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a 29 pacientes. De los genes testados, el CEACAM5 y el PLUNC fueron los que mostraron una alta expresión en tejido pulmonar. De los 29 ganglios centinela analizados, 7 (24%) fueron positivos para estudio molecular. Se encontró ganglio centinela positivo en: 4/7 adenocarcinomas y 3/12 escamosos. Los ganglios afectos fueron: nivel 5 (1/3), nivel 7 (0/6), nivel 9 (0/1), nivel 10 (5/11), nivel 11 (1/1). CONCLUSIONES: La detección del ganglio centinela en pacientes con carcinoma pulmonar estadio I mediante marcaje con radioisótopo es factible. La aplicación de técnicas moleculares pone de manifiesto la afectación tumoral en casos estadificados como estadio I

INTRODUCTION: Metastatic lymph node affectation is the main prognostic factor in localized lung cancer. Pathological study of the obtained samples even after an adequate lymphadenectomy, present tumoral relapses of 40% of stage I patients after oncological curative surgery. In this paper we have studied micrometastasis in the sentinel lymph node by molecular methods in patients with stage I lung cancer. Material and methods The sentinel node was marked by injecting peritumorally performed just after performing the thoracotomy with 2 mCi of nanocoloid of albumin (Nanocol®) marked with 99 mTc in 0.3 ml. Guided with a Navigator® gammagraphic sensor, we proceeded to its resection. RNA of the tissue was extracted and the presence of genes CEACAM5, PLUNC and CK7 in mRNA was studied. RESULTS: Twenty-nine 29 patients were included. Of the tested genes, CEACAM5 and PLUNC were the ones that showed a high expression in lung tissue. Of the 29 analyzed sentinel lymph nodes, 7 (24%) were positive in the molecular study. A positive sentinel lymph node was found in 4/7 adenocarcinomas and 3/12 squamous-cell tumors. Affected lymph nodes were: station 5 (1/3), station 7 (0/6), station 9 (0/1); station 10 (5/11); station 11 (1/1). CONCLUSIONS: Detection of sentinel node in patients with stage I lung cancer by marking with radioisotope is a feasible technique. The application of molecular techniques shows the tumoral affectation in cases staged as stage I

Condroma costal de la primera costilla. Abordaje transclavicular con reconstrucción de la clavícula / Chondroma of the first rib. Transclavicular approach with clavicle reconstruction

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Amiloidosis nodular pulmonar / Pulmonary nodular amyloidosis

La amiloidosis es una enfermedad sistémica originada por la acumulación extracelular de material amiloide en distintas partes del organismo. La afectación pulmonar es infrecuente y su presentación en forma nodular, extremadamente rara. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 72 años con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en el que se descubrió, en un control radiológico rutinario, un nódulo pulmonar de 3 cm de diámetro. Tras la realización de diferentes pruebas complementarias sin poder filiar su etiología, se realizó una exéresis quirúrgica, y en el estudio histopatológico posterior se demostró la presencia de material amiloide y en el microscopio de luz polarizada, una birrefringencia verde con rojo-Congo característica (AU)

Amyloidosis is a systemic disease caused by extracellular accumulation of amyloid in different parts of the body. Pulmonary involvement is infrequent and nodular amyloidosis is extremely rare. We present the case of a 72-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in whom a 3-cm pulmonary nodule was discovered during routine radiological follow-up. After various complementary investigations failed to identify the etiology of the nodule, surgical excision was performed. Subsequent histopathological study revealed the presence of amyloid deposits with characteristic apple-green birefringence when stained with Congo-red under polarized light microscopy (AU)

[Bilateral Chylothorax after delivery: an infrequent case treated with videothoracoscopic talc pleurodesis]. / Quilotórax bilateral posparto: un caso infrecuente resuelto mediante pleurodesis con talco por videotoracoscopia.

Bilateral chylothorax after delivery is a highly infrequent entity. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman who developed progressive dyspnea due to bilateral milky pleural effusion several months after delivery. The effusion was found to contain chylomicrons in the biochemical analysis. Initial conservative treatment failed twice and the chylothorax was successfully treated through sequential bilateral videothoracoscopy with an interval of 6 days between the two interventions and pleurodesis with spray talc.

Quilotórax bilateral posparto: un caso infrecuente resuelto mediante pleurodesis con talco por videotoracoscopia / Bilateral Chylothorax after delivery: an infrequent case treated with videothoracoscopic talc pleurodesis

El quilotórax bilateral posparto es una entidad muy poco frecuente. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 28 años que varios meses después de dar a luz presentó disnea progresiva por derrame pleural bilateral de aspecto lechoso y con presencia de quilomicrones en su análisis bioquímico. El tratamiento inicialmente conservador fracasó en 2 ocasiones. El quilotórax fue tratado eficazmente con videotoracoscopia bilateral secuencial con un intervalo de 6 días entre ambas intervenciones y pleurodesis con talco en aerosol (AU)

Bilateral chylothorax after delivery is a highly infrequent entity. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman who developed progressive dyspnea due to bilateral milky pleural effusion several months after delivery. The effusion was found to contain chylomicrons in the biochemical analysis. Initial conservative treatment failed twice and the chylothorax was successfully treated through sequential bilateral videothoracoscopy with an interval of 6 days between the two interventions and pleurodesis with spray talc (AU)