Sand Fly Fauna, Spatial Distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), and Climate Factors in Dourados, Brazil.

Studies of the geographic distribution of sand flies and the factors associated with their occurrence are necessary to understand the risk of leishmaniasis transmission. The objective of this study was to characterize the sand fly fauna, particularly the spatial distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva), and correlate these with climate factors in the Dourados municipality, Brazil. The collection of sand flies was carried out with CDC Light Traps over two periods: at six sites for three consecutive nights each month from August 2012 to July 2013; and at four other sites for two consecutive nights each month from April 2017 to February 2018. We collected 591 sand flies in the first period and 121 in the second period for a total of 712 sand flies; 697 of the total collected were Lu. longipalpis. The minimum and maximum sand fly infestation rate (sites with vector presence) was 11.1% and 83.33% in the first period, and 0% and 50.0% in the second period. No sand flies with Leishmania were identified via PCR. Lu. longipalpis presented an aggregate disposition with excellent adjustment. Rainfall and relative humidity were the abiotic factors that influenced the vector infestation level. The aggregate distribution for this species was predicted by the environmental factors that favor the proliferation of Lu. longipalpis. The results of this study should assist in devising measures to control sand flies in Dourados, Brazil.

Spatial distribution and control levels of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in guava orchards.

This study aimed to know the patterns of spatial distribution of Anastrepha spp. and establish a criterion for determining the appropriate time for pest control. For this, 90 McPhail traps were used as Sampling Units (SU) divided into three commercial orchards of Novo Milênio guava with a total area of 14 ha. Traps were interspersed between the rows of plants, systematically in the orchards, hung and baited with 5% hydrolyzed corn protein with weekly collections. We caught 8,170 Anastrepha spp. in 840 SU. The mean infestation index was compared to the three types of distribution: random, uniform, aggregate, and fit by the theoretical frequency distributions of Poisson, negative binomial and positive binomial. The populations of Anastrepha presented aggregate distribution according to the mean variance method (I), tested by distance from randomness. The economic damage risk potential of Anastrepha spp. was associated with the aggregate distribution behavior. The most appropriate moment for the use of control techniques is when reaching 20 flies by the negative binomial. On the other hand, number of fruit fly adults per trap per day (FTD), underestimates population index, which will allow population growth, leading to risk of crop production loss.

Sequential sampling plan for fruit fly species of the Genus Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) in guava orchards.

This study aimed to elaborate a sequential sampling plan for Anastrepha species in commercial orchards of guava Psidium guajava Novo Milênio cultivar. Samplings were carried out in three orchards in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Fruit flies were sampled for 23 weeks. Data were subjected to the sequential probability ratio test. We adopted the mean of 0.3 Anastrepha individuals for the safety level and 0.7 for the control level and the observed frequency was adjusted to the negative binomial expected frequency (Bn) for the equation of the line. The condition of adopting a control method recommended by S1 = 6.5554 + 0.5362n was observed in the upper line. In turn, the lower line, which does not require the use of a control method, is defined by So = -2.8229 + 0.5362n. The sequential sampling plan predicted the expected maximum number of 37 sampling units to decide whether or not to use control method(s). This sequential plan was defined with mean number of 0.54 adults for each McPhail trap unit (sample). The sequential plan generated is unprecedented and will contribute to the rapid and safe decision making in the control of Anastrepha species of economic importance in guava farming.

High detection rate of new cases of multibacillary leprosy in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: an observational study from 2001-2015.

Leprosy remains a public health problem in Brazil, and the Mato Grosso do Sul State (MS) had the seventh highest rate of detection of new cases in the country in 2015 (26.59 per 100,000 inhabitants) which was classified as very high. This work aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in MS. Descriptive statistics were performed with data from the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (SINAN) between 2001 and 2015, with all patients included in the system serving as the sample. Clinical forms of multibacillary (MB) leprosy predominated in MS during the study period, with a clear positive trend from 2009 to 2015 and a peak in the detection rate of new cases (NCDR) in 2014 corresponding to 40.39 per 100,000 population (p<0.001). The most affected groups were men (56.7%) aged 20-59 years (70.52%), an economically active population. We observed that Northern MS had the highest overall NCDR in the State. In cities bordering other countries, NCDRs were significantly lower than in those of other analyzed cities. There was no dependency ratio correlating NCDRs in cities with higher or lower indexes with basic care coverage (p=0.799) and human development index (p=0.887). In conclusion, the large number of patients with MB leprosy indicates that the diagnosis of leprosy is delayed in MS, perhaps due to difficulties related to diagnostic methods. This situation contributes to the continuing prevalence of leprosy in MS.

Vector aspects in risk areas for sylvatic yellow fever in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Epizootics and yellow fever epidemics in 2008 in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina marked a significant progression of the disease further south in the continent affecting non-vaccinated human populations. The state of Mato Grosso do Sul is located between the tropical endemic region and the subtropical epidemic region and, despite being an area recommended for vaccination since the 1980s, human and animal cases of the disease are still registered. The purpose of this study was to present the results of entomological surveys of probable sites of infection (PSI) geographically describing these areas regarding human cases and disease suspicion reported in 2008. Thirteen locations in nine municipalities were investigated. A total of 305 females of the genus Haemagogus and Sabethes and five specimens of Aedes albopictus were obtained. The genus Haemagogus was more abundant but Sabethes presented twice as many species (3 x 6) and higher distribution within the collection points. The most abundant species was Hg. janthinomys, with 102 individuals in one location. The other species found were: Hg. leucocelaenus, Hg. spegazzinii, Sa. albiprivus, Sa. belisarioi, Sa. chloropterus, Sa. glaucodaemun, Sa. intermedius and Sa. soperi. It was not possible to identify predominant species in relation to environmental and geographical characteristics of the collection points. Of the nine human cases, eight corresponded to persons not resident in the State, seven of them tourists. MS features a large diversity of rural and wildlife tourist attractions where the yellow fever vectors described in this work are present. In this sense, the monitoring of vaccination coverage and flow of non-vaccinated people through the area are crucial to controlling the disease.

Phytotoxicity of Perlatolic Acid and Derivatives

ABSTRACT Perlatolic acid (1), methyl perlatolate (2), and the products of perlatolic acid alcoholysis-namely, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, and n-hexyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-n-pentylbenzoate (3-11)-were evaluated for their herbicidal potential on Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) and Allium cepa L. (onion) seeds. The compounds exhibited low phytotoxicity on L. sativa germination. Perlatolic acid (1) proved the most active compound (20%). Activity was lowest for n-hexyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-n-pentylbenzoate (11) (3.5%). The esters iso-propyl and sec-butyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-n-pentylbenzoate (6 and 8, respectively) inhibited root (35% e 43%, respectively) and hypocotyl growth (59% e 56%, respectively). The esters n-butyl, n-pentyl, and n-hexyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-n-pentylbenzoate (7, 10, and 11, respectively) proved phytotoxic to A. cepa, delaying and reducing seed germination (27%), while n-pentyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-n-pentylbenzoate (10) was the most inhibitory for root (42%) and coleoptile growth (24%). The behaviors of iso-propyl, sec-butyl, and n-pentyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-n-pentylbenzoate (6, 8, and 10, respectively) suggest the potential utility of these esters as natural herbicides. The esters iso-propyl and sec-butyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-n-pentylbenzoate (6 and 8, respectively) may serve as model molecules in the investigation of potential herbicides for dicotyledon control, while n-pentyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-n-pentylbenzoate (10) may serve the same function for monocotyledon species.

[Family functioning of elderly with depressive symptoms]. / Funcionalidade familiar de idosos com sintomas depressivos.

OBJECTIVE: To classify families of elderly with depressive symptoms regarding their functioning and to ascertain the presence of an association between these symptoms, family functioning and the characteristics of the elderly. METHOD: This was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study performed with 33 teams of the Family Health Strategy in Dourados, MS. The sample consisted of 374 elderly divided into two groups (with and without depressive symptoms). The instruments for data collection were a sociodemographic instrument, the GeriatricDepression Scale (15 items) and the Family Apgar. RESULTS: An association was observed between depressive symptoms and family dysfunction, female gender, four or more people living together, and physical inactivity. CONCLUSION: The functional family may represent effective support for the elderly with depressive symptoms, because it offers a comfortable environment that ensures the well-being of its members. The dysfunctional family can barely provide necessary care for the elderly, which can exacerbate depressive symptoms.

Family functioning of elderly with depressive symptoms / Adaptação cultural para o Brasil da escala Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia – PAINAD* / Funcionalidad familiar de adultos mayores con síntomas depresivos

Objective: To classify families of elderly with depressive symptoms regarding their functioning and to ascertain the presence of an association between these symptoms, family functioning and the characteristics of the elderly. Method: This was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study performed with 33 teams of the Family Health Strategy in Dourados, MS. The sample consisted of 374 elderly divided into two groups (with and without depressive symptoms). The instruments for data collection were a sociodemographic instrument, the GeriatricDepression Scale (15 items) and the Family Apgar. Results: An association was observed between depressive symptoms and family dysfunction, female gender, four or more people living together, and physical inactivity. Conclusion: The functional family may represent effective support for the elderly with depressive symptoms, because it offers a comfortable environment that ensures the well-being of its members. The dysfunctional family can barely provide necessary care for the elderly, which can exacerbate depressive symptoms.
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Objetivo: Clasificar familias de adultos mayores con síntomas depresivos según funcionalidad y verificar la presencia de la asociación entre tales síntomas, la funcionalidad familiar y la características de los adultos mayores. Método: Estudio analítico, observacional, transversal, realizado con 33 equipos de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia de Dourados, MS, Brasil. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 374 pacientes adultos mayores divididos en dos grupos (con y sin síntomas depresivos). Los instrumentos para la recolección de datos fueron un cuestionario para la caracterización sociodemográfica, la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de 15 ítems y el Apgar Familiar. Resultados: Se observó una asociación entre los síntomas depresivos y la disfunción familiar, el sexo femenino, cuatro y más personas viviendo en el hogar y el sedentarismo. Conclusión: Una familia funcional puede representar un apoyo efectivo para los adultos mayores con síntomas depresivos, puesto que ofrece un ambiente de confort que garantiza el bienestar de sus miembros. Una familia disfuncional difícilmente puede brindar la atención necesaria a las personas mayores, lo que puede agravar los síntomas depresivos.
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Objetivo: Classificar famílias de idosos com sintomas depressivos quanto à funcionalidade e verificar a presença de associação entre tais sintomas, a funcionalidade familiar e as características dos idosos. Método: Estudo analítico, observacional, transversal, realizado em 33 equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família de Dourados, MS. A amostra foi composta por 374 idosos divididos em dois grupos (com e sem sintomas depressivos). Os instrumentos para coleta de dados foram um formulário para caracterização sociodemográfica, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (15 itens) e o Apgar de Família. Resultados: Observou-se a associação entre sintomas depressivos e disfunção familiar, sexo feminino, quatro e mais pessoas residindo no domicílio e inatividade física. Conclusão: A família funcional pode representar apoio efetivo para idosos com sintomas depressivos, pois oferece um ambiente de conforto que assegura o bem-estar de seus membros. Já a família disfuncional dificilmente consegue prover a atenção necessária ao idoso, o que pode agravar os sintomas depressivos.
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Fauna of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in areas with endemic American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Fauna of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in areas with endemic American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological aspects of the main vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in four monitoring stations situated in the municipalities of Naviraí, Nova Andradina, Novo Horizonte do Sul and Rio Verde de Mato Grosso. For each monitoring station, the captures of sand flies were undertaken each month from July 2008 to June 2010 using CDC and Shannon traps. The CDC traps were installed simultaneously for three consecutive nights in three collection sites: intradomicile, peridomicile and edge of the forest. A Shannon trap was installed from dusk to 10 pm, inside the forest, one night per month. A total of 7,651 sand flies belonging to nine genera and twenty-nine species were captured. Nyssomyia neivai (52.95%), Psathyromyia hermanlenti (10.91%), Psathyromyia runoides (9.16%), Nyssomyia whitmani (7.95%), Psathyromyia aragaoi (4. 89%), Nyssomyia antunesi (3.14%) and Evandromyia bourrouli (2.20%) were the most frequent species. Approximately 65% of the sand flies were collected in the forest environment. The municipalities presented significantly different indexes of species diversity. Naviraí presented the lowest species diversity index, however, it showed the highest abundance. Novo Horizonte do Sul had the highest species diversity index, but the lowest abundance (< 5%). It is noteworthy the occurrence of vector species of Leishmania in the areas studied, especially in Naviraí, where Ny. neivai presented high frequencies which may explain the increased number of ACL cases in this municipality.

Sistema de informação para monitoramento da saúde de idosos / Information system for the monitoring of the elderly?s health / Sistema de información para la vigilancia de la salud de las personas mayores

Objetivo: Relatar o desenvolvimento e a implantação de um sistema de informação para avaliar e monitorar as necessidades sociais e de saúde de idosos em situação de vulnerabilidade social, assistidos pela Estratégia da Saúde da Família, em Dourados, MS. Método: Pesquisa desenvolvida em duas fases: na primeira, um estudo longitudinal fez a identificação dos idosos. Na segunda, foi projetado e desenvolvido o Sistema de Informação para Avaliação e Monitoramento dos Idosos (SIAMI), utilizando-se o método Unified Process. Resultados: Na primeira fase, foram caracterizados 180 idosos. Na segunda, foram projetadas e implementadas as interfaces do Sistema referentes a coleta de dados. A modelagem foi baseada no instrumento de coleta de dados inicialmente proposto, contemplando todas as questões, porém permitindo alterações e inclusões. Conclusão: A elaboração do SIAMI permite gerar um instrumento de monitoramento das necessidades dos idosos, identificar indicadores e realizar a gestão da informação...

Objective: To report the development and implementation of an information system to assess and monitor the health and social needs of older people in social vulnerability, assisted by the Family Health Strategy in Dourados, MS, Brazil. Method: The study was carried out in two phases: first, a longitudinal study was developed to identify characteristics of the elderly. In the second phase, the Information System for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Elderly (SIAMI in Portuguese) was designed and developed using the method Unified Process. Results: The first phase surveyed 180 elderly people. The second designed and implemented interfaces of the System related to data collection. The modeling was based on the data collection instrument originally proposed, addressing all of its issues, but allowing changes and additions. Conclusion: The SIAMI is able to generate an instrument to monitoring the needs of the elderly, identify indicators and manage information...

Objetivo: Presentar el desarrollo y la implementación de un sistema de información para evaluar y monitorear las necesidades de salud y sociales de las personas mayores en situación de vulnerabilidad social y asistidos por la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, en Dourados, MS. Método: Estudio realizado en dos fases: primer, un estudio longitudinal se identificaron las personas mayores. El segundo fue diseñado y desarrollado el Sistema de Información para el Monitoreo y Evaluación de la Tercera Edad (SI), utilizando el método de Proceso Unificado. Resultados: En la primera etapa, se entrevistó 180 ancianos. La segunda fase se diseñó e implementó las interfaces del sistema en relación con la recopilación de datos. El modelo se basó en el instrumento de recolección de datos se propuso inicialmente, abordar todas las cuestiones, pero permitiendo los cambios y adiciones. Conclusión: La preparación de un SI permite crear un instrumento para el seguimiento de las necesidades de las personas de edad avanzada, identificar los indicadores y para la gestión de la información...

Iron deficiency during pubertal growth spurt

INTRODUÇÃO: a deficiência de ferro representa um agravo à saúde, estando associada a prejuízos na capacidade produtiva dos indivíduos, no desenvolvimento cognitivo e na imunocompetência. OBJETIVO: verificar a prevalência de deficiência de ferro em adolescentes no período do estirão pubertário. MÉTODO: realizou-se estudo transversal, com dados clínicos, laboratoriais e socioeconômicos de adolescentes matriculados no Serviço de Hebiatria da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, na cidade de Santo André, SP. Foram coletados dados de 255 prontuários que continham história clínica completa, incluindo exame físico, classificação do desenvolvimento puberal (Tanner), peso, estatura, inquérito alimentar recordatório e os seguintes exames laboratoriais: hemograma, ferro sérico, saturação transferrina e parasitológico de fezes. RESULTADOS: Dos 255 prontuários estudados, 162 (63,5 por cento) eram do grupo de jovens que estavam no estirão pubertário e 93 (36,5 por cento) pertenciam ao grupo dos que estavam fora do estirão. A presença da deficiência de ferro foi maior entre os adolescentes mais jovens. Houve frequência de deficiência de ferro em 37 (14,5 por cento), sendo 24 (16 por cento) em adolescentes no estirão e 13 (11,5 por cento) nos fora do estirão. Em relação ao sexo, constatou-se que dos 37 adolescentes que apresentaram deficiência de ferro, 24 (64,46 por cento) pertenciam ao sexo masculino e 13 (35,14 por cento) ao feminino. CONCLUSÃO: a deficiência de ferro ocorreu com maior frequência nos adolescentes do sexo masculino durante o estirão pubertário e naqueles que praticavam esportes.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: iron deficiency represents a serious injury to the health and it is associated with damages to the productive capacity of individuals, cognitive development and immune competence. OBJECTIVE: verify the prevalence of iron deficiency in adolescents during the pubertal growth spurt. METHODS: it was made a cross sectional study with clinical, laboratory and socioeconomic adolescents enrolled in Hebiatry Service of the Faculty of Medicine of ABC, in the city of Santo André, SP. Data were collected from 255 medical records containing complete medical history, including physical examination, classification of pubertal development (Tanner), weight, height, diet recall survey and the following laboratory tests: blood count, serum iron, transferrin saturation and stool tests. RESULTS: of the 255 records studied, 162 (63.5%) were in the group of young people who were in the pubertal growth spurt and 93 (36.5%) belonged to the group who were outside the spurt. The presence of iron deficiency was higher among younger adolescents. There frequency of iron deficiency in 37 (14.5%), and 24 (16%) adolescents in the spurt and 13 (11.5%) out of the stretch. Regarding gender, it was found that of the 37 adolescents who had iron deficiency, 24 (64.46%) were males and 13 (35.14%) were females. CONCLUSION: iron deficiency occurred more frequently in male adolescents during pubertal growth spurt and those who practiced sports.(AU)

Iron deficiency during pubertal growth spurt / Deficiência de ferro no estirão pubertário

INTRODUCTION: iron deficiency represents a serious injury to the health and it is associated with damages to the productive capacity of individuals, cognitive development and immune competence. OBJECTIVE: verify the prevalence of iron deficiency in adolescents during the pubertal growth spurt. METHODS: it was made a cross sectional study with clinical, laboratory and socioeconomic adolescents enrolled in Hebiatry Service of the Faculty of Medicine of ABC, in the city of Santo André, SP. Data were collected from 255 medical records containing complete medical history, including physical examination, classification of pubertal development (Tanner), weight, height, diet recall survey and the following laboratory tests: blood count, serum iron, transferrin saturation and stool tests. RESULTS: of the 255 records studied, 162 (63.5 percent) were in the group of young people who were in the pubertal growth spurt and 93 (36.5 percent) belonged to the group who were outside the spurt. The presence of iron deficiency was higher among younger adolescents. There frequency of iron deficiency in 37 (14.5 percent), and 24 (16 percent) adolescents in the spurt and 13 (11.5 percent) out of the stretch. Regarding gender, it was found that of the 37 adolescents who had iron deficiency, 24 (64.46 percent) were males and 13 (35.14 percent) were females. CONCLUSION: iron deficiency occurred more frequently in male adolescents during pubertal growth spurt and those who practiced sports.(AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: a deficiência de ferro representa um agravo à saúde, estando associada a prejuízos na capacidade produtiva dos indivíduos, no desenvolvimento cognitivo e na imunocompetência. OBJETIVO: verificar a prevalência de deficiência de ferro em adolescentes no período do estirão pubertário. MÉTODO: realizou-se estudo transversal, com dados clínicos, laboratoriais e socioeconômicos de adolescentes matriculados no Serviço de Hebiatria da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, na cidade de Santo André, SP. Foram coletados dados de 255 prontuários que continham história clínica completa, incluindo exame físico, classificação do desenvolvimento puberal (Tanner), peso, estatura, inquérito alimentar recordatório e os seguintes exames laboratoriais: hemograma, ferro sérico, saturação transferrina e parasitológico de fezes. RESULTADOS: Dos 255 prontuários estudados, 162 (63,5 por cento) eram do grupo de jovens que estavam no estirão pubertário e 93 (36,5 por cento) pertenciam ao grupo dos que estavam fora do estirão. A presença da deficiência de ferro foi maior entre os adolescentes mais jovens. Houve frequência de deficiência de ferro em 37 (14,5 por cento), sendo 24 (16 por cento) em adolescentes no estirão e 13 (11,5 por cento) nos fora do estirão. Em relação ao sexo, constatou-se que dos 37 adolescentes que apresentaram deficiência de ferro, 24 (64,46 por cento) pertenciam ao sexo masculino e 13 (35,14 por cento) ao feminino. CONCLUSÃO: a deficiência de ferro ocorreu com maior frequência nos adolescentes do sexo masculino durante o estirão pubertário e naqueles que praticavam esportes.(AU)

Avaliação funcional de idosos com déficit cognitivo / Functional assessment of elderly with cognitive deficit

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil social e a capacidade funcional de idosos com déficit cognitivo. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritivo, transversal, com 503 idosos de 60 anos e mais com déficit cognitivo, residentes em Dourados, (MS) e assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas domiciliares, com um questionário estruturado para variáveis sociodemográficas e condições de saúde, o Miniexame do Estado Mental e a Medida de Independência Funcional. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 215 idosos com déficit cognitivo, dos quais 32 (14,9%) apresentavam algum grau de dependência. Houve maior grau de dependência no sexo masculino e na faixa etária de 80 anos e mais. As dimensões locomoção e cognição apresentaram os menores valores. CONCLUSÃO: Os diagnósticos cognitivos e funcionais são fundamentais para o planejamento de ações que favoreçam a promoção e manutenção da capacidade funcional do idoso.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the social profile and functional capacity of elderly with cognitive deficit. METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive, transversal study with 503 elderly of 60 years and older with cognitive deficit, living in Dourados, (MS), Brazil, and assisted by the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Data collection was performed by means of home interviews, with a structured questionnaire for sociodemographic variables and health conditions, the Mini Mental State Examination and the Functional Independence Measure. RESULTS: We identified 215 elderly patients with cognitive deficit, of whom 32 (14.9%) presented some level of dependency. There was a greater level of dependence in the male gender and those aged 80 years and more. The dimensions of movement and cognition presented the lowest values. CONCLUSION: The cognitive and functional diagnoses are fundamental for planning actions that favor the promotion and maintenance of functional capacity of the elderly.

OBJETIVO: Describir el perfil social y la capacidad funcional de ancianos con déficit cognitivo. MÉTODOS: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, realizado con 503 ancianos de 60 años y más con déficit cognitivo, residentes en Dourados, (MS) y asistidos por la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF). La recolección de los datos se realió por medio de entrevistas domiciliarias, con un cuestionario estructurado para variables sociodemográficas y condiciones de salud, el Mini examen del Estado Mental y la Medida de Independencia Funcional. RESULTADOS: Fueron identificados 215 ancianos con déficit cognitivo, de los cuales 32 (14,9%) presentaban algún grado de dependencia. Hubo mayor grado de dependencia en el sexo masculino y en el grupo etáreo de 80 años y más. Las dimensiones locomoción y cognición presentaron los menores valores. CONCLUSIÓN: Los diagnósticos cognitivos y funcionales son fundamentales para la planificación de acciones que favorezcan la promoción y manutención de la capacidad funcional del anciano.

Iron deficiency during pubertal growth spurt

INTRODUÇÃO: a deficiência de ferro representa um agravo à saúde, estando associada a prejuízos na capacidade produtiva dos indivíduos, no desenvolvimento cognitivo e na imunocompetência. OBJETIVO: verificar a prevalência de deficiência de ferro em adolescentes no período do estirão pubertário. MÉTODO: realizou-se estudo transversal, com dados clínicos, laboratoriais e socioeconômicos de adolescentes matriculados no Serviço de Hebiatria da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, na cidade de Santo André, SP. Foram coletados dados de 255 prontuários que continham história clínica completa, incluindo exame físico, classificação do desenvolvimento puberal (Tanner), peso, estatura, inquérito alimentar recordatório e os seguintes exames laboratoriais: hemograma, ferro sérico, saturação transferrina e parasitológico de fezes. RESULTADOS: Dos 255 prontuários estudados, 162 (63,5 por cento) eram do grupo de jovens que estavam no estirão pubertário e 93 (36,5 por cento) pertenciam ao grupo dos que estavam fora do estirão. A presença da deficiência de ferro foi maior entre os adolescentes mais jovens. Houve frequência de deficiência de ferro em 37 (14,5 por cento), sendo 24 (16 por cento) em adolescentes no estirão e 13 (11,5 por cento) nos fora do estirão. Em relação ao sexo, constatou-se que dos 37 adolescentes que apresentaram deficiência de ferro, 24 (64,46 por cento) pertenciam ao sexo masculino e 13 (35,14 por cento) ao feminino. CONCLUSÃO: a deficiência de ferro ocorreu com maior frequência nos adolescentes do sexo masculino durante o estirão pubertário e naqueles que praticavam esportes.

INTRODUCTION: iron deficiency represents a serious injury to the health and it is associated with damages to the productive capacity of individuals, cognitive development and immune competence. OBJECTIVE: verify the prevalence of iron deficiency in adolescents during the pubertal growth spurt. METHODS: it was made a cross sectional study with clinical, laboratory and socioeconomic adolescents enrolled in Hebiatry Service of the Faculty of Medicine of ABC, in the city of Santo André, SP. Data were collected from 255 medical records containing complete medical history, including physical examination, classification of pubertal development (Tanner), weight, height, diet recall survey and the following laboratory tests: blood count, serum iron, transferrin saturation and stool tests. RESULTS: of the 255 records studied, 162 (63.5%) were in the group of young people who were in the pubertal growth spurt and 93 (36.5%) belonged to the group who were outside the spurt. The presence of iron deficiency was higher among younger adolescents. There frequency of iron deficiency in 37 (14.5%), and 24 (16%) adolescents in the spurt and 13 (11.5%) out of the stretch. Regarding gender, it was found that of the 37 adolescents who had iron deficiency, 24 (64.46%) were males and 13 (35.14%) were females. CONCLUSION: iron deficiency occurred more frequently in male adolescents during pubertal growth spurt and those who practiced sports.

Sintomas depressivos em idosos: análise dos itens da escala de depressão geriátrica / Depressive symptoms in the elderly: analysis of the items of the geriatric depression scale

OBJETIVOS: Verificar a estrutura fatorial da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de 15 itens em uma amostra de idosos assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, descrever o perfil social e analisar as respostas aos itens da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo de delineamento transversal com 503 idosos assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, em Dourados, MS. Para analisar as respostas da EDG 15, utilizou-se o teste de Qui-quadrado de Mantel-Haenzsel (p <0,05). A análise fatorial, a consistência interna e a generalidade dos resultados para a população foram realizadas. RESULTADOS: Dos 503 idosos pesquisados 69,0% eram mulheres, 53,1% não letrados, 53,7% tinham 70 anos ou mais e 34,4% apresentavam depressão. A análise fatorial identificou quatro fatores (apatia, desesperança, desmotivação e isolamento). A estrutura da EDG 15 não se mostrou apropriada para a generalização de resultados. CONCLUSÃO: Dentre os idosos com depressão, predominaram a apatia e o isolamento. Cabe às equipes de saúde promover atividades físicas, recreativas e culturais para minimizar esse quadro. Novas pesquisas serão necessárias, sobretudo para análise da estrutura fatorial.

OBJECTIVES: To verify the factor structure of the Geriatric Depression Scale of 15 items (GDS 15) in a sample of elderly people assisted by the Family Health Strategy, to describe their social profile, and to analyze the responses to items on the Scale. METHODS: A cross-sectional study interviewing 503 elderly assisted by the Family Health Strategy, in Dourados, MS (Brazil). To analyze the responses of the GDS 15, we used the Mantel-Haenzsel chi-square test (p <0.05) was used. A factor analysis, internal consistency and generalization of the results for the population was performed. RESULTS: Of the 503 elderly interviwed, 69.0% were women, 53.1% were illiterate, 53.7% were 70 years or older, and 34.4% presented depression. Factor analysis identified four factors (apathy, hopelessness, lack of motivation, and isolation). The structure of the GDS 15 did not prove appropriate for the generalizability of results. CONCLUSION: Among elderly patients with depression, apathy and isolation predominated. Health care teams must promote physical, recreational and cultural activities to minimize this situation. Further research is needed, especially to analyze the factorial structure.

OBJETIVOS: Verificar la estructura factorial de la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de 15 items en una muestra de ancianos asistidos por la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, describir el perfil social y analizar las respuestas a los ítems de la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica. MÉTODOS: Estudio de delineamiento transversal realizado con 503 ancianos entrevistados y 503 asistidos por la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, en Dourados, MS (Brasil). Para analizar las respuestas de la EDG 15, se utilizó la prueba del Chi-cuadrado de Mantel-Haenzsel (p <0,05). Se llevó a cabo el análisis factorial, consistencia interna y la generalidad de los resultados para la población. RESULTADOS: De los 503 ancianos investigados, el 69,0% eran mujeres, el 53,1% no alfabetizados, el 53,7% tenían 70 años o más y el 34,4% presentaban depresión. El análisis factorial identificó cuatro factores (apatía, desesperanza, desmotivación y aislamiento). La estructura de la EDG 15 no se mostró apropiada para la generalización de resultados. CONCLUSIÓN: En los ancianos con depresión, predominaron la apatía y el aislamiento. Cabe a los equipos de salud promover actividades físicas, recreativas y culturales para minimizar ese cuadro. Serán necesarias nuevas investigaciones, sobre todo para el análisis de la estructura factorial.

Perfil social e funcional de idosos assistidos pela estratégia da saúde da família / The social and functional profile of elderly persons assisted by the family health strategy

Estudo transversal que descreve o perfil social e funcional de idosos assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família em Dourados-MS. As informações foram obtidas em entrevistas domiciliares, utilizando a Medida de Independência Funcional, o Miniexame do Estado Mental e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. Foram entrevistados 503 idosos; houve predomínio de mulheres (69%), analfabetos (53%) e pessoas com baixa renda per capita (82,5%). Destaca-se que 7,6% dos idosos apresentaram algum grau de dependência, 34,4% sintomas depressivos, 42,7% deficit cognitivo; e 50,9% avaliaram sua saúde como regular. Observou-se que as idosas apresentaram maior prevalência de distúrbios cognitivos, enquanto os homens eram mais dependentes quanto à funcionalidade. As variáveis sexo, escolaridade, faixa etária, condições de moradia e morar acompanhado associaram-se significativamente ao deficit cognitivo. Os idosos com sintomas depressivos apresentavam baixa renda, moravam em residências precárias, não praticavam atividade física ou participavam de atividades sociais, e avaliaram sua saúde como ruim.

[Social support networks for elderly patients attended by Family Health teams]. / Rede de suporte social do idoso atendido por equipes de Saúde da Família.

The aging process has specific aspects marked by the class of individuals and social groups as well as cultural, political, socio-economic and sanitary conditions of the collective groups. Social support systems are essential for meeting the specific needs of the elderly. The aim of this paper is to describe the socio-demographic profile and the social support networks of elderly patients served by the Family Health Strategy. It's a cross-sectional study with elderly patients living in Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil). Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire and a Minimum Relationships Map for the Elderly (MMRI). Of the 503 elderly patients interviewed, 69% were female, 53.1% were illiterate, 58.3% earned less than one minimum salary and 82.9% lived with others. The MMRI showed that the family was the most important provider of care in all the dimensions assessed, but the elderly have their own small social networks. Elderly patients attended by the Family Health teams have low incomes and little formal education, and social support networks that are too small to meet their needs.

Rede de suporte social do idoso atendido por equipes de Saúde da Família / Social support networks for elderly patients attended by Family Health teams

O envelhecimento tem especificidades marcadas pela posição de classe de indivíduos e grupos sociais, assim como pela cultura, política, condições socioeconômicas e sanitárias das coletividades. No atendimento às necessidades específicas dos idosos, os sistemas de suporte social são essenciais. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e a rede de suporte social do idoso assistido pela Estratégia Saúde da Família. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com idosos residentes em Dourados (MS). Utilizou-se questionário sociodemográfico e Mapa Mínimo de Relações do Idoso (MMRI). Foram entrevistados 503 idosos: 69,0 por cento são do sexo feminino, 53,1 por cento são analfabetos, 58,3 por cento têm renda per capita inferior a um salário mínimo e 82,9 por cento moram acompanhados. O MMRI destacou a família como maior provedora de cuidados em todas as dimensões avaliadas, mas os idosos possuem redes sociais pequenas. Os idosos assistidos pelas ESF têm baixa renda e escolaridade, e possuem uma rede de suporte social pequena para atender às suas necessidades.

The aging process has specific aspects marked by the class of individuals and social groups as well as cultural, political, socio-economic and sanitary conditions of the collective groups. Social support systems are essential for meeting the specific needs of the elderly. The aim of this paper is to describe the socio-demographic profile and the social support networks of elderly patients served by the Family Health Strategy. It's a cross-sectional study with elderly patients living in Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil). Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire and a Minimum Relationships Map for the Elderly (MMRI). Of the 503 elderly patients interviewed, 69 percent were female, 53.1 percent were illiterate, 58.3 percent earned less than one minimum salary and 82.9 percent lived with others. The MMRI showed that the family was the most important provider of care in all the dimensions assessed, but the elderly have their own small social networks. Elderly patients attended by the Family Health teams have low incomes and little formal education, and social support networks that are too small to meet their needs.

[Ecological aspects of Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the urban area of Ponta Porã municipality, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil]. / Aspectos ecológicos de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em área urbana do município de Ponta Porã, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to carry out an analysis of urban phlebotomine fauna and a survey of infestations (intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary) in Ponta Porã municipality State of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: Sand flies were collected with automatic CDC light traps, installed monthly on three consecutive nights, from 18 h to 6h, from September 2005 to September 2007. RESULTS: A total of 3,946 phlebotomines, representing eight species, were captured, among which was a large predominance of Lutzomyia longipalpis, presenting high indexes of frequency, constancy, abundance and dominance. Of the total, 82.9% were males and 17.1% females. The monthly average number (136.29 ± 152.01) of males captured being, much larger than that of females. Although the average number of phlebotomines in the intradomicile was much larger than that in the peridomicile, there was no significant statistical difference. A positive correlation was found between the abundance of phlebotomines and the average daily maximum temperature, precipitation and relative atmospheric humidity. CONCLUSIONS: The predominance of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Ponta Porã municipality is a reason for concern as regards the possibility of outbreaks of visceral leishmaniasis in the area, because this species is the main Leishmania chagasi vector not only in Mato Grosso do Sul but also nationwide.

Avaliação do risco nutricional em idosos atendidos por Equipes de Saúde da Família / Evaluation of the nutritional risk in elderly assisted by Family Health Teams / Evaluación del riesgo nutricional en ancianos atendidos por Equipos de Salud de Familia

Alterações do estado nutricional contribuem para o aumento da morbi-mortalidade em idosos. O instrumento The Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) foi desenvolvido para identificar riscos nutricionais nesse grupo populacional. Este estudo tem por objetivos descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e avaliar o risco nutricional de idosos atendidos por equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família. O estudo é transversal, com amostra de 503 idosos residentes em Dourados (MS). Instrumentos: NSI e questionário estruturado para as variáveis sociodemográficas de saúde. Verificou-se o predomínio de idosos do sexo feminino, entre 60 a 69 anos, viúvos, analfabetos, de renda per capita de até um salário mínimo, com hipertensão e auto-avaliação regular de saúde. O NSI permitiu identificar 33,2 por cento de idosos com alto risco nutricional, o que se mostrou significativamente associado ao baixo nível de escolaridade, à baixa renda per capita e às doenças crônicas. Como método de rastreio, o NSI mostrou-se útil para identificar os determinantes sociais e de saúde que contribuem para o risco nutricional.

Changes in the nutritional state contribute to an increase of morbi-mortality among the elderly. The instrument Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) was developed in order to identify nutritional risks in this population group. This study aims to describe the socio-demographic profile and evaluate the nutritional risk of the elderly assisted by Family Health Strategy teams. It is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 503 older people living in Dourados (MS). Instruments: NSI and structured questionnaire for the health socio-demographic variables. There was a prevalence of female people, aged between 60 and 69 years old, widowers, illiterate, with a per capita income up to one minimum salary, with hypertension and regular health self-evaluation. The NSI allowed to identify 33.2 percent of the elderly with high nutritional risk, which was significantly associated to the low level of education, low per capita income and chronic diseases. As a tracking method, the NSI was useful to identify the social and health determinants that contribute to the nutritional risk.

Las alteraciones del estado nutricional contribuyen en aumentar la morbimortalidad en ancianos. El instrumento The Nutririon Screening Inititative (NSI) fue desarrollado para identificar riesgos nutricionales en dicho grupo poblacional. Este estudio tiene como objetivos describir el perfil socio-demográfico y evaluar el riesgo nutricional de ancianos atendidos por equipos de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Estudio transversal, con muestra de 503 ancianos residentes en Dourados - MS - Brasil. Instrumentos: NSI y cuestionario estructurado para las variables socio-demográficas y de salud. Se verificó el predominio de ancianos del sexo femenino, de 60 a 69 años, viudos, analfabetos, con ingresos per cápita de hasta un salario mínimo, con hipertensión y autoevaluación regular de salud. El NSI permitió identificar un 33,2 por ciento de ancianos con alto riesgo nutricional, que se mostró significativamente asociado a: bajo nivel de escolaridad, bajos ingresos per cápita de hasta un salario mínimo y enfermedades crónicas. Como método de rastreo, el NSI se mostró útil para identificar los determinantes sociales y sanitarios que contribuyen al riesgo nutricional.