Sustainable disaster risk reduction training model for nurses: A descriptive qualitative approach.

AIM: To develop a sustainable disaster risk reduction training model for nurses and identify its key features. BACKGROUND: Available disaster nursing education and training programmes have focused on improving the competency of nurses in all four disaster phases, including mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. However, a limited programme is available that integrates nurses' competencies for all four disaster phases within one training system. Moreover, no training system exists to ensure the sustainability of the programme to reduce disaster risks. METHODS: Three methods were used to develop the model: (1) literature review, (2) focus group discussion, and (3) expert panel. Seven participants were involved in the focus group discussion, while five joined the expert panel discussion. Different criteria of participants were invited for focus groups and expert panel discussions. The data were collected from August to September, 2022. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The model is a 3-level training consisting of (1) master of trainer training (MOT), (2) training of trainer (TOT), and (3) training of providers (TOP). Professional governance is a key chain that integrates and connects these 3-level training. The model has six pillars, including (1) leadership, (2) resources, (3) intervention, (4) cultural and spiritual approach, (5) motivation, and (6) policy alignment. CONCLUSIONS: Sustainable disaster risk reduction training model provides a potential conceptual framework that may assist the continuity of educational intervention related to disaster nursing training.

Factors Associated with Caregiver Burden in Caregivers of Older Patients with Dementia in Indonesia.

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify caregiver burden and its determinants in the informal caregivers of older patients with dementia (PWDs) aged ≥ 60 years in Java, Indonesia. Data were collected from 207 caregivers of older PWDs using self-administered questionnaires. The dependent variable was caregiver subjective burden, assessed using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). The independent variables included the socio-demographic characteristics of PWDs and caregivers, the caregiver's perceived social support, and the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Linear regression with a stepwise elimination method was used to identify the factors associated with caregiver burden. This study found that four factors were associated with the caregiver burden, such as the gender of PWDs, the educational level of caregivers, social support, and BPSD (R-squared = 27.78%). Higher burden was reported among the caregivers of female PWDs (ß = 5.58; 95%CI = 2.16; 8.99) and PWDs with higher scores of BPSD (ß = 0.34; 95%CI = 0.25; 0.43). Meanwhile, the caregivers with higher perceived social support (ß = -0.26; 95%CI = -0.42; -0.10) and who completed high school education and above (ß = -6.41; 95%CI = -10.07; -2.74) tended to have lower scores of subjective burden. These findings suggest that BPSD management and maintaining the resources of support may provide an opportunity to minimise caregiver burden and improve the quality of life of caregivers and PWDs.