Correlation between computed tomography adapted leaman score and computed tomography liver and spleen attenuation parameters for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as respective inflammatory mediators.

Metabolic syndrome is a primary driver of vascular inflammation, plaque development, and atherosclerotic disease. The Computed Tomography-adapted Leaman Score (CT-LeSc) has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiac events in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients but has never been studied for broader applicability. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with similar systemic inflammatory processes as CAD, and its presence as assessed by Computed Tomography Liver and Spleen Attenuation (CT-LSA) may impact on the extension of the CT-LeSc. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the CT-LeSc and NAFLD and to characterize and compare the inflammatory processes of each disease state. This was an exploratory study in which patients with known multivessel CAD who were scheduled to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention were included. CT-LeSc were graded on pre-existing criteria by two independent CoreLab analysts. CT-LSA parameters analyzed included the liver absolute attenuation value, liver and spleen attenuation difference and liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio and were scored by two independent CoreLab analysts as well. Inflammatory mediator analysis included routine laboratory draws for a variety of known signal molecules. The overall liver absolute attenuation value did not correlate significantly with the CT-LeSc, but the subgroup 50 to 65 HU showed moderately negative correlation (R = - 0.629; p = 0.008). The overall liver and spleen attenuation difference did not correlate significantly with the CT-LeSc, but the subgroup 1 to 18 HU showed moderately positive correlation (R = 0.513; p = 0.017). The overall and subgroup liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio did not correlate with the CT-LeSc. The eosinophil and leukocyte ratio showed weakly negative correlation with the overall CT-LeSc (R = - 0.4602; p = 0.008), and VCAM-1 showed moderately negative correlation with CT-LeSc < 16.0 (R = - 0.5678; p = 0.022). Some CT-LSA parameters correlate with high risk CT-LeSc and may both provide complementary information for cardiovascular risk stratification. The significant metrics of liver absolute attenuation value and liver and spleen attenuation difference can be quickly completed in the clinical setting and may support a suspicion of CAD.

Upstream clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor for patients treated with primary angioplasty: Results of an angiographic randomized pilot study.

OBJETIVES: The main objective of the present randomized pilot study was to explore the effects of upstream prasugrel or ticagrelor or clopidogrel for patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Administration of clopidogrel "as soon as possible" has been advocated for STEMI. Pretreatment with prasugrel and ticagrelor may improve reperfusion. Currently, the angiographic effects of upstream administration of these agents are poorly understood. METHODS: A total of 132 patients with STEMI within the first 12 hr of chest pain referred to primary angioplasty were randomized to upstream clopidogrel (600 mg), prasugrel (60 mg), or ticagrelor (180 mg) while still in the emergency room. All patients underwent protocol-mandated thrombus aspiration. RESULTS: Macroscopic thrombus material was retrieved in 79.5% of the clopidogrel group, 65.9% of the prasugrel group, and 54.3% of the ticagrelor group (P = 0.041). At baseline angiography, large thrombus burden was 97.7% vs. 87.8% vs. 80.4% in the clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor groups, respectively (P = 0.036). Also, at baseline, 97.7% presented with an occluded target vessel in the clopidogrel group, 87.8% in the prasugrel group and 78.3% in the ticagrelor group (P = 0.019). At the end of the procedure, the percentages of patients with combined TIMI grade III flow and myocardial blush grade III were 52.3% for clopidogrel, 80.5% for prasugrel, and 67.4% for ticagrelor (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI within 12 hr, upstream clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor have varying angiographic findings, with a trend toward better results for the latter two agents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Comparison between MDCT and Grayscale IVUS in a Quantitative Analysis of Coronary Lumen in Segments with or without Atherosclerotic Plaques.

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice MDCT in comparison with IVUS has been poorly described and is mainly restricted to reports analyzing segments with documented atherosclerotic plaques. OBJECTIVES: We compared 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with gray scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for the evaluation of coronary lumen dimensions in the context of a comprehensive analysis, including segments with absent or mild disease. METHODS: The 64-slice MDCT was performed within 72 h before the IVUS imaging, which was obtained for at least one coronary, regardless of the presence of luminal stenosis at angiography. A total of 21 patients were included, with 70 imaged vessels (total length 114.6 ± 38.3 mm per patient). A coronary plaque was diagnosed in segments with plaque burden > 40%. RESULTS: At patient, vessel, and segment levels, average lumen area, minimal lumen area, and minimal lumen diameter were highly correlated between IVUS and 64-slice MDCT (p < 0.01). However, 64-slice MDCT tended to underestimate the lumen size with a relatively wide dispersion of the differences. The comparison between 64-slice MDCT and IVUS lumen measurements was not substantially affected by the presence or absence of an underlying plaque. In addition, 64-slice MDCT showed good global accuracy for the detection of IVUS parameters associated with flow-limiting lesions. CONCLUSIONS: In a comprehensive, multi-territory, and whole-artery analysis, the assessment of coronary lumen by 64-slice MDCT compared with coronary IVUS showed a good overall diagnostic ability, regardless of the presence or absence of underlying atherosclerotic plaques.

Comparison between MDCT and Grayscale IVUS in a Quantitative Analysis of Coronary Lumen in Segments with or without Atherosclerotic Plaques / Comparação da TCMD e da USIV em escala de cinza na Análise Quantitativa da Luz Coronária em Segmentos com ou sem Placas Ateroscleróticas

Background: The diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice MDCT in comparison with IVUS has been poorly described and is mainly restricted to reports analyzing segments with documented atherosclerotic plaques. Objectives: We compared 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with gray scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for the evaluation of coronary lumen dimensions in the context of a comprehensive analysis, including segments with absent or mild disease. Methods: The 64-slice MDCT was performed within 72 h before the IVUS imaging, which was obtained for at least one coronary, regardless of the presence of luminal stenosis at angiography. A total of 21 patients were included, with 70 imaged vessels (total length 114.6 ± 38.3 mm per patient). A coronary plaque was diagnosed in segments with plaque burden > 40%. Results: At patient, vessel, and segment levels, average lumen area, minimal lumen area, and minimal lumen diameter were highly correlated between IVUS and 64-slice MDCT (p < 0.01). However, 64-slice MDCT tended to underestimate the lumen size with a relatively wide dispersion of the differences. The comparison between 64-slice MDCT and IVUS lumen measurements was not substantially affected by the presence or absence of an underlying plaque. In addition, 64-slice MDCT showed good global accuracy for the detection of IVUS parameters associated with flow-limiting lesions. Conclusions: In a comprehensive, multi-territory, and whole-artery analysis, the assessment of coronary lumen by 64-slice MDCT compared with coronary IVUS showed a good overall diagnostic ability, regardless of the presence or absence of underlying atherosclerotic plaques. .

Fundamento: A comparação do rigor diagnóstico da TCMD e da USIV foi pouco descrita, estando restrita principalmente a estudos que avaliaram segmentos com placas ateroscleróticas já documentadas. Objetivos: Este estudo objetiva avaliar o desempenho diagnóstico da tomografia computadorizada com 64 colunas de detectores (tomografia computadorizada multidetector- TCMD) e da ultrassonografia intravascular (USIV) em escala de cinza na verificação das dimensões da luz coronária, em um contexto mais amplo, incluindo também segmentos coronários sadios e com patologia leve. Métodos: A TCMD foi realizada em todos os pacientes antes da realização da USIV, com um intervalo < 72 horas entre os dois exames. Imagens de USIV foram obtidas de pelo menos uma coronária, independente da presença de estenose luminal durante a angiografia. Um total de 21 pacientes foram incluídos, com imagens de 70 vasos (comprimento total 114,6 ± 38.3 mm por paciente). Placas coronárias foram diagnosticada em segmentos com carga de placas > 40%. Resultados: Uma alta correlação entre as medidas de TCMD e USIV para área luminar média, área luminar mínima e diâmetro luminar mínimo foi encontrada no nível de paciente, vaso e segmento (p-valor < 0,01 para todas as correlações). A TCMD, no entanto, tendeu a subestimar o tamanho luminar com uma dispersão de diferenças relativamente ampla. A comparação entre as medidas da luz por TCMD e USIV não foi substancialmente afetada pela presença ou ausência de placa subjacente. Além disso, a TCMD mostrou boa precisão geral na detecção de parâmetros associados a lesões limitantes de fluxo. Conclusão: Em uma análise compreensiva e multi-focal da luz coronária, demonstramos bom desempenho diagnóstico da TCMD, quando comparada a USIV, independente da presença de placas ateroscleróticas adjacentes. .

Evaluation of plaque composition by intravascular ultrasound "virtual histology": the impact of dense calcium on the measurement of necrotic tissue.

AIMS: We aimed to evaluate if the co-localisation of calcium and necrosis in intravascular ultrasound virtual histology (IVUS-VH) is due to artefact, and whether this effect can be mathematically estimated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We hypothesised that, in case calcium induces an artefactual coding of necrosis, any addition in calcium content would generate an artificial increment in the necrotic tissue. Stent struts were used to simulate the "added calcium". The change in the amount and in the spatial localisation of necrotic tissue was evaluated before and after stenting (n=17 coronary lesions) by means of a especially developed imaging software. The area of "calcium" increased from a median of 0.04 mm2 at baseline to 0.76 mm2 after stenting (p<0.01). In parallel the median necrotic content increased from 0.19 mm2 to 0.59 mm2 (p<0.01). The "added" calcium strongly predicted a proportional increase in necrosis-coded tissue in the areas surrounding the calcium-like spots (model R2=0.70; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Artificial addition of calcium-like elements to the atherosclerotic plaque led to an increase in necrotic tissue in virtual histology that is probably artefactual. The overestimation of necrotic tissue by calcium strictly followed a linear pattern, indicating that it may be amenable to mathematical correction.

Prognostic heterogeneity among patients with chronic stable coronary disease: determinants of long-term mortality after treatment with percutaneous intervention.

AIMS: To evaluate the risk and predictors of death in a large population of patients with stable coronary disease treated with percutaneous intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population comprised 1,276 patients with chronic angina or silent ischaemia who underwent elective coronary angioplasty. Baseline and in-hospital mortality data were prospectively collected for all patients during the index hospitalisation. Post-discharge outcome was assessed at out-patient clinic, by review of the patients' records, or direct phone contact. Deaths were classified as cardiac and non-cardiac. Age, peripheral arterial disease, congestive heart failure with NYHA class >or= III, triple-vessel disease, and procedural success (i.e. angiographic success for all lesions in the absence of peri-procedural infarction) remained as multivariate independent predictors of death. For the entire population 4-year cumulative all-cause and cardiac mortality were respectively 5.4% and 4.1%. Four-year mortality for patients without any multivariate predictor was 2.4%, while for patients with two or more predictors the death rate was 16.3% after four years. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with stable coronary disease undergoing percutaneous treatment have an overall low mortality rate after four years. Nevertheless, stable patients comprise a heterogeneous population in terms of risk profile, ranging from patients at very low risk of late death to individuals with a poor long-term prognosis.

Prevalence of coronary artery disease and preoperative assessment in patients with valvopathy.

BACKGROUND: Coronary angiography has been indicated in the preoperative phase for patients with valvopathy over 35 years of age. However, the actual prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in this population has been little studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of and the risk factors for CAD in candidates for valve surgery in Brazil. METHODS: Coronary angiography was performed in 3,736 patients who were candidates for valve surgery; prevalence of and risk factors for CAD associated with valvopathy were assessed. RESULTS: CAD was associated with valvopathy in 121 patients (prevalence of 3.42%). In 79 patients (68.1%), CAD was diagnosed by means of preoperative coronary angiography. Of these 79 patients, 50 (63.3%) had isolated aortic valvopathy or aortic valvopathy associated with mitral valvopathy. Smoking habit was observed in 54 patients (68.3%), hypertension in four (43%), family history in 24 (30.3%), diabetes mellitus in 15 (18.9%), and obesity in eight (10.1%). Of the 121 patients, 95.7% were over 50 years of age. Only five (4.3% of the patients with CAD) were below 50 years of age, and all of them had at least one risk factor for CAD. CONCLUSION: CAD prevalence was low in the patients studied. Aortic valvopathy was the most frequent valvopathy associated with CAD, and most patients were over 50 years of age. The ideal age for routine preoperative coronary angiography in patients with valvopathy should be reassessed.

Prevalência de doença arterial coronariana e avaliação pré-operatória em portadores de valvopatia / Prevalence of coronary artery disease and preoperative assessment in patients with valvopathy

FUNDAMENTO: A coronariografia tem sido indicada no pré-operatório para valvopatas >35 anos. Entretanto, a real prevalência de doença arterial coronariana (DAC) obstrutiva nessa população tem sido pouco estudada. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores de risco para DAC em candidatos para cirurgia valvar no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada angiocoronariografia em 3.736 pacientes candidatos a cirurgia valvar e avaliados prevalência e fatores de risco para DAC associada a valvopatia. RESULTADOS: A DAC esteve associada a valvopatia em 121 pacientes (prevalência 3,42 por cento). Em 79 (68,1 por cento), o diagnóstico de DAC foi feito apenas por coronariografia pré-operatória. Entre esses 79, 50 (63,3 por cento) tinham valvopatia aórtica isolada ou valvopatia aórtica associada a mitral. Tabagismo foi visto em 54 pacientes (68,3 por cento), hipertensão em quatro (43 por cento), história familiar em 24 (30,3 por cento), diabete melito em 15 (18,9 por cento), e obesidade em oito (10,1 por cento). Idade >50 anos foi observada em 95,7 por cento dos 121 pacientes. Apenas cinco (4,3 por cento dos pacientes com DAC) tinham idade <50 anos, e todos esses tinham ao menos um fator de risco para DAC. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de DAC foi baixa nos pacientes estudados. A valvopatia aórtica foi a mais freqüente associada a DAC, e a maioria dos pacientes tinha idade >50 anos. A idade ideal para realização da coronariografia pré-operatória de rotina em portadores de valvopatia deveria ser reavaliada.

BACKGROUND: Coronary angiography has been indicated in the preoperative phase for patients with valvopathy over 35 years of age. However, the actual prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in this population has been little studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of and the risk factors for CAD in candidates for valve surgery in Brazil. METHODS: Coronary angiography was performed in 3,736 patients who were candidates for valve surgery; prevalence of and risk factors for CAD associated with valvopathy were assessed. RESULTS: CAD was associated with valvopathy in 121 patients (prevalence of 3.42 percent). In 79 patients (68.1 percent), CAD was diagnosed by means of preoperative coronary angiography. Of these 79 patients, 50 (63.3 percent) had isolated aortic valvopathy or aortic valvopathy associated with mitral valvopathy. Smoking habit was observed in 54 patients (68.3 percent), hypertension in four (43 percent), family history in 24 (30.3 percent), diabetes mellitus in 15 (18.9 percent), and obesity in eight (10.1 percent). Of the 121 patients, 95.7 percent were over 50 years of age. Only five (4.3 percent of the patients with CAD) were below 50 years of age, and all of them had at least one risk factor for CAD. CONCLUSION: CAD prevalence was low in the patients studied. Aortic valvopathy was the most frequent valvopathy associated with CAD, and most patients were over 50 years of age. The ideal age for routine preoperative coronary angiography in patients with valvopathy should be reassessed.

Perfil de segurança dos stents farmacológicos nas síndromes agudas: dados do registro INCOR / Drug eluting stents safety in acute coronary syndromes: the INCOR registry

Fundamentos: Os stents farmacológicos constituem um grande avanço no tratamento da doença coronária. No entanto , seu emprego nas síndromes coronárias agudas tem sido objeto de intensa discussão científica. Método: Entre maio e 2002 e setembro de 2006, 910 pacientes consecutivos foram tratados com implante de pelo menos um stent farmacológico e incluídos na presente análise. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo estável (635 portadores de angina estável) e grupo agudo (275 pacientes com síndrome coronária aguda sem supra de ST). Analisamos as características clínicas e angiográficas e a ocorrência tardia de eventos adversos. Resultados: As características clínicas foram semelhantes, exceto pela maior frequência de tabagistas nos instáveis e de intervenção percutânea prévia nos estáveis. Após 588 dias (mediana do seguimento), os grupos, estável e agudo, tiveram índices semelhantes de reinfarto (2,8 por cento vs. 5,0 por cento; p = 0,1), revascularização do vaso-alvo (6,0 por cento vs. 7,7 por cento, p = 0,4, óbito (4,5 por cento vs. 6,5 por cento; p= 0,2) e eventos maiores combinados (9,9 por cento, p = 0,4), respectivamente. No entanto, a ocorrência de trombose foi significativamente mais frequênte nos pacientes com quadros coronários agudos...

Background: Drug-eluting stents are a great advance in the treatment of coronary disease. However, their use in patients with acute coronary syndromes has been the subject of intense scientific debate. Methods: 910 consecutive patients treated with at least one drug-eluting stent between May 2002 and September 2006 were enrolled in the present analysis. The patients were assigned to 2 groups according to their clinical condition at the time of admission: 1) Stable group (635 patients with stable angina) and 2) Acute group (275 patients with NSTEMI). We analyzed the clinical and angiographic characteristics as well as the occurrence of late adverse events. Results: The clinical characteristics of the groups were similar, except for the highest incidence of smokers in the acute group and previous percutaneous intervention in the stable group. After 588 days (median follow-up period), the stable and acute groups had similar rates of re-infarction (2.8 vs. 5.0%; p = 0.1), target vessel revascularization (6.0 vs. 7.7%; p = 0.4), death (4.5 vs. 6.5%; p = 0.2) and composite major adverse cardiac events (9.9 vs. 11.9%; p = 0.4), respectively. However, the occurrence of in-stent thrombosis was more frequent in patients with acute coronary diseases (1.4 vs. 4.4%; p = 0.02), mainly due to the occurrence of thrombosis within the first year after implantation (1.1 vs. 4.4%; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Drug-eluting stents have shown a good safety profile in patients with acute coronary syndromes compared to those with chronic coronary disease, despite the higher incidence of late in-stent thrombosis.

A randomized trial of 5 versus 7 French guiding catheters for transfemoral percutaneous coronary stent implantation.

Comparative studies between 5 French guiding catheter and others of larger size using the transfemoral approach to coronary stenting have not been described. Coronary stent implantation was performed in 90 patients in a randomized trial. The primary end-point was to compare the incidence of successful uncomplicated stent implantation per lesion with the 5F and 7F guiding catheters. Patients were excluded for excessive vessel tortuosity or anticipated need for equipment not fitting through a 5 catheter. Baseline characteristics and the use of direct stenting did not differ between the two groups. The primary success rate was 97.8% per patient in both groups and 98% per lesion in the 5 French and 97.9% in the 7 French. Guiding catheter change was necessary in 1 patient in each group to successfully complete the procedure in both groups. The amount of contrast used was 63 +/- 27.3 mL in the 5 French and 76 +/- 25 mL in the 7 French groups (P < 0.05). Vascular complications and blood transfusions occurred somewhat more frequently in the 7 French group (P = 0.058). The manual compression time after sheath removal was 5.1 +/- 2.0 min and 8.0 +/- 4.3 min, respectively, in the 5 and 7 French groups (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the 5 French guiding catheters showed a similar success rate with coronary stenting when compared to the 7 French, but the amount of contrast used and manual compression time after sheath removal, as well as the rate of vascular and bleeding complications, were reduced in the 5 French group.

Síndrome coronária aguda sem supradesnível de ST de alto risco: a mortalidade intra-hospitalar é proporcionl ao retardo para a intervenção / High risk unstable coronary syndrome: in-hospital mortality is increased with delayed intervention

Fundamentos: Estudos recentes mostram que uma abordagem invasiva rotineira para pacientes com síndrome coronária aguda sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST diminui eventos em relação a uma abordagem conservadora, mas o tempo ideal para esta abordagem ainda é motivo de debate. Método: No período de maio/2003 a novembro/ 2005, 466 pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio, sem supradesnível do segmento ST, foram submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea, em nossa instituição. Excluímos aqueles pacientes com instabilidade hemodinâmica à admissão. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o tempo entre a admissão e a realização da angioplastia: 1) Grupo Precoce (intervenção ≤ 6 horas) com 152 pacientes e 2) Grupo Tardio (intervenção >6 horas) com 314 pacientes. Foram analisados os dados do procedimento e a mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Resultados: Os dois grupos foram semelhantes quanto às suas características clínicas, exceto pela maior freqüência de cirurgia coronária prévia no Grupo Tardio. Pacientes no Grupo Precoce foram tratados com uma mediana de 3 horas (intervalo interquartil 2-4 horas) e, no Grupo Tardio, após 23 horas (intervalo interquartil 14-48 horas). Pacientes tratados precocemente apresentaram mortalidade intrahospitalar significativamente menor que os pacientes do Grupo Tardio (0,7 vs. 4,8%; p=0,02). À análise multivariada, idade, insuficiência cardíaca e tempo de tratamento foram identificados como preditores independentes de óbito hospitalar. Conclusão: A realização de angioplastia precoce parece reduzir o risco óbito intra-hospitalar em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnível do segmento ST tratados no dia-a-dia. O impacto clínico da implementação de protocolos de tratamento acelerado para estes pacientes deve ser avaliado no ambiente de estudos randomizados.

Background: Several studies have shown that routine invasive strategies reduce major events compared to a conservative strategy for patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation. However, the optimal time to institute this approach is still debatable. Methods: From May 2003 to November 2005, 466 patients with myocardial infarction without ST elevation, excluding patients with hemodynamic instability, were treated by percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in our hospital. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to time from admission to PCI: 1) Early Group (≤6 h) involving 152 patients and 2) Late Group (>6 h) including 314 patients. Procedure data and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. Results: Baseline clinical characteristics were similar in both groups, except for prior CABG that was more frequent in late group. Median time from admission to PCI was 3 hours (interquartile interval: 2-4hours) in the Early Group and 23 hours (interquartile interval: 14-48hours) in the Late Group. In-hospital mortality was significantly reduced in the Early Group (0.7 vs. 4.8%; p=0.02). Age, heart failure and time from admission to PCI were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Early PCI for myocardial infarction without ST elevation seems to reduce the inhospital mortality in the daily practice. The clinical impac of this accelerated invasive strategy needs to be evaluated in randomized trials.

Incidência e preditores de óbito precoce e tardio em octagenários brasileiros tratados com intervenção coronária percutânea / Brazilian octogenarians treated with coronary intervention: incidence and predictors for early and late death

Introdução: Pacientes idosos com coronariopatia obstrutiva apresentam-se, freqüentemente, como um dilema clínico de difícil manejo, comumente necessitando o controle concomitante de múltiplas comorbidades. O presente estudo objetiva avaliar a sobrevida precoce e tardia de pacientes octagenários brasileiros tratados com angioplastia coronária. Método: Um total de 246 pacientes consecutivos com idade ≥ 80 anos, tratados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro, com intervenção coronária percutânea, foram incluídos. Características basais e do procedimento foram coletadas, prospectivamente. Após a alta, a ocorrência de óbito foi avaliada por meio da revisão dos registros hospitalares e de contato telefônico. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes era de 83,7 ± 3,0 anos (mínimo 80 anos, máximo 94 anos). A sobrevida global aos 30 dias, 1 ano e 2 anos foi de 86,7%, 78,1% e 76,0%, respectivamente. Somente o infarto agudo à admissão e a presença de doença coronária triarterial foram identificados como preditores multivariados de óbito (Infarto à admissão: HR ajustado 1,76; IC95% 1,08 ­ 2,87; p=0,02. Doença triarterial: HR ajustado 1,83; IC95% 1,12 ­ 2,99; p=0,02). Pacientes sem infarto à admissão ou doença triarterial apresentaram sobrevida de 85,7% após 2 anos, enquanto somente 56,8% com ambas as características estavam vivos ao término do seguimento. Conclusão: Octagenários tratados com angioplastia coronária apresentam mortalidade geral relativamente alta, principalmente no primeiro ano após o procedimento. No entanto, o subgrupo de pacientes sem características de risco apresentam boa sobrevida pósprocedimento, ao longo dos dois primeiros anos de evolução.

Background: Elderly patients with obstructive coronary disease are frequently a clinical dilemma, usually in need of management for multiple comorbidities. The present study aims at evaluating the short- and long-term survival of Brazilian octogenarians treated with coronary angioplasty. Methods: A total of 246 consecutive patients aged ≥ 80 years, treated with percutaneous coronary intervention in the Brazilian Public Health System comprise the study population. Baseline and procedural characteristics were collected prospectively. After discharge the occurrence of death was evaluated through the review of medical records and phone contact. Results: Mean age was 83.7 ± 3.0 years (range 80 years to 94 years). The overall survival at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years were 86.7%, 78.1% and 76.0%, respectively. Only acute infarction at admission and the presence of triplevessel disease were identified as multivariate predictors of death (Infarction at admission: adjusted HR 1.76; 95%CI 1.08 ­ 2.87; p=0.02. Triple-vessel disease: adjusted HR 1.83; 95%CI 1.12 ­ 2.99; p=0.02). Patients without infarction at admission or triple-vessel disease reported an 85.7% survival rate after 2 years, while only 56.8% were alive after 2 years when both conditions were present. Conclusions: Octogenarians treated with coronary angioplasty report an overall high mortality rate, especially in the first year postprocedure. However, the subgroup of patients who are not high risk shows good survival rate along the first two years after the procedure.

Angiographic segment size in patients referred for coronary intervention is influenced by constitutional, anatomical, and clinical features.

BACKGROUND: Factors influencing the size of target vessels of patients referred for coronary intervention are poorly defined. We aimed to investigate in a large series of patients undergoing percutaneous intervention the relation of constitutional, anatomical, and clinical features with the reference diameter of coronary vessels treated with stenting. METHODS: A total of 4,850 de novo coronary lesions, non-ostial and non-bifurcational, located in native vessels were analyzed. The following pre-specified characteristics were analyzed to reflect the relation between constitutional, anatomical, and clinical features on reference vessel diameter: age, gender, height, weight, proximal location, vessel, diabetes, hypertension, multivessel disease, and clinical presentation. RESULTS: The average reference diameter was 2.66+/-0.50 mm. All pre-specified markers had a significant relation with the vessel reference diameter at univariate analysis, except by hypertension which showed a strong tendency. However, at multivariate analysis, only diabetes, proximal location, multivessel disease, clinical presentation, vessel, weight, and height were identified as independent predictors of reference vessel diameter. CONCLUSION: Reference diameter of coronary vessels at the site of lesions treated by stenting is significantly influenced by a variety of characteristics. We hypothesize that the treated segment size of patients undergoing stenting ultimately reflects the conjoint effect of several different factors, including constitutional, anatomical, and clinical features.