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1.
CorSalud ; 12(4): 451-457, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278962

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Las taquicardias ventriculares de larga duración o incesantes pueden causar insuficiencia cardíaca, disfunción del ventrículo izquierdo y cardiomiopatía, cuadros que revierten una vez resueltas las arritmias. Se trata de un diagnóstico de exclusión: puede existir una cardiopatía de base que empeora con la taquicardia y debe precisarse si la arritmia lleva a la cardiomiopatía (puede existir un subregistro) o viceversa. Se presenta un paciente con taquicardia incesante del tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho, de larga evolución, con repercusión hemodinámica, cardiomiopatía dilatada y disfunción grave del ventrículo izquierdo, rebelde a fármacos antiarrítmicos y con dos ablaciones fallidas, pendiente de biopsia endomiocárdica y nueva ablación de su taquicardia. Se discuten algunas pistas para diferenciar las arritmias del tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho, en sus variantes benignas (las más frecuentes) y malignas. Algunas pistas para diferenciarlas son: la duración del complejo QRS, el intervalo de acoplamiento de la extrasístole y la frecuencia de la taquicardia.


ABSTRACT Long-lasting or incessant ventricular tachycardias may cause heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiomyopathy; conditions that reverse once the arrhythmias have been solved. This is a diagnosis of exclusion: there may be a basic heart disease that worsens with the tachycardia and it must be clarified whether the arrhythmia leads to cardiomyopathy (there may be an underregistration) or vice versa. A patient with incessant right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia, with long evolution, hemodynamic repercussion, dilated cardiomyopathy and severe dysfunction of the left ventricle, refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs and with two failed ablations, pending endomyocardial biopsy and new ablation of his tachycardia is presented. Some clues to differentiate right ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias, in their benign (most frequent) and malignant variants, are discussed. Some clues to differentiate them are: the duration of the QRS complex, the coupling interval of premature contractions and the heart rate of the tachycardia.


Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
2.
CorSalud ; 11(3): 189-195, jul.-set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089736

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La terapia de resincronización cardíaca (TRC) es indicación en la insuficiencia cardíaca con QRS ancho y disminución grave de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo. Objetivos: Definir los predictores de respuesta favorable a la TRC. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, para evaluar el índice del QRS (diferencia entre anchura del QRS antes y después del implante, dividido entre su valor antes del implante, multiplicado por 100) como predictor de respuesta favorable a la TRC. Se realizaron electrocardiogramas antes del procedimiento, a los 6 y a los 12 meses del implante. Las mediciones se hicieron por dos observadores independientes, la primera digital en el monitor del salón de operaciones y el resto manual. Resultados: Se incluyeron 91 pacientes (edad media 61,2 años, 76% hombres), QRS mayor de 120 ms y fracción de eyección menor de 35%. Se obtuvo respuesta favorable en un 59%. No hubo diferencias significativas pre-implante en la duración del QRS entre respondedores y no respondedores (151,3 ms vs 151,34 ms, p=0,98), pero sí post-implante (100 vs 115 ms, p<0,0001), así como en el porcentaje de disminución del QRS (33,2% vs 24,3%, p<0,0001). La curva ROC mostró que un valor de corte del índice de QRS del 30% fue sensible (62%) y específico (75%), para predecir respuesta favorable. Conclusiones: La disminución de la anchura del QRS luego del implante de la TRC se relaciona con una respuesta favorable a la misma.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an indication in heart failure with wide QRS and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Objectives: To define the response predictors favorable to CRT. Method: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the QRS index (difference between the QRS width before and after implantation, divided by its value before implantation, multiplied by 100) as a predictor of favorable response to CRT. Electrocardiograms were performed before the procedure, at 6 and 12 months after implantation. The measurements were made by two independent observers, the first digital on the operating room monitor and the rest manual. Results: A total of 91 patients (mean age 61.2 years, 76% men) were included, with QRS wider than 120 ms and ejection fraction less than 35%. A favorable response was obtained in 59%. There were no significant pre-implant differences in the QRS duration between responders and non-responders (151.3 ms vs. 151.34 ms, p=0.98), but there were differences post-implant (100 vs. 115 ms, p<0.0001), as well as in the QRS percentage of decrease (33.2% vs. 24.3%, p<0.0001). The ROC curve showed that a cut-off value of the QRS index of 30% was sensitive (62%) and specific (75%) in order to predict a favorable response. Conclusions: The decrease in the QRS width after the CRT implant is related to a favorable response to it.


Subject(s)
Heart Failure , Electrocardiography , Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
3.
Int J Cardiol ; 277: 130-135, 2019 Feb 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30195842

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A spontaneous coved-type ST segment elevation in the electrocardiogram (ECG) has long been recognized as a risk stratification tool in patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS). This Type-I ST segment elevation is known to exhibit high dynamicity, fluctuating between coved-type and non-coved ST segment elevation. Our objectives in this study were to: 1) Compare ECG parameters in patients with spontaneous coved-type (Type-I) vs. non-coved-type ST segment ECGs; 2) Determine the variability of these ECG parameters with repeated measurements; and 3) Assess the predictive value of ECG parameters in these two groups during follow-up. METHODS: Forty-two consecutive patients with BrS and implanted ICD were studied between 2000 and 2017. Serial ECGs and clinical characteristics were obtained over a period of 199 months. RESULTS: QT-interval, QTc-interval, QRS duration, Tp-e interval and Tp-e dispersion were all significantly longer in spontaneous Type I vs. non-Type 1 ECGs and all ECG parameters displayed significant variability during serial recording obtained throughout the follow-up period. Patients with a spontaneous Type I ECG during the 114 ±â€¯56 months follow-up period were at a much higher risk for VT/VF than those without a Type I ECG (p = 0.016). Moreover, the risk for development of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias was directly related to the fraction of ECGs displaying a spontaneous Type I pattern during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study illustrates the need for multiple ECGs to aid with both the diagnosis and prognosis of BrS. Serial ECGs can assist with risk stratification based on the fraction of ECGs that display a spontaneous Type-I BrS ECG.


Subject(s)
Brugada Syndrome/diagnosis , Brugada Syndrome/physiopathology , Electrocardiography/methods , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital , Adult , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Single-Blind Method
6.
Pediatr Cardiol ; 38(8): 1663-1671, 2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28871362

ABSTRACT

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are increasingly utilized in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Prediction of the occurrence of shocks is important if improved patient selection is desired. The electrocardiogram (ECG) has been the first-line tool predicting the risk of sudden death, but data in CHD patients are lacking. We aim to evaluate the predictive value of electrocardiographic markers of appropriate therapy of ICD in young people with CHD. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study, in twenty-six CHD patients (mean age 24.7 ± 5.3 years) who underwent first ICD implantation. Forty-two age- and diagnosis-matched controls were recruited. Twelve-lead ECG and 24 h Holter analysis were performed during a mean follow-up of 38.9 months. Data included heart rate, heart rate variability, QRS duration (QRSd), QTc interval and its dispersion, Tpeak-Tend (Tp-Te) interval and its dispersion, presence of fragmented QRS (fQRS), T wave alternans, atrial arrhythmias, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Implant indication was primary prevention in ten cases (38.5%) and secondary prevention in 16 (61.5%). Overall, 17 subjects (65.3%) received at least one appropriate and effective ICD discharge. fQRS was present in 64.7% of cases with ICD therapy compared with patients without events or controls (p < 0.0001). Tp-e and Tp-e dispersion were significantly prolonged in patients with recurrences (113.5 and 37.2 ms) versus patients without ICD discharge (89.6 and 24.1 ms) or controls (72.4 and 19.3 ms) (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). On univariate Cox regression analysis QRSd (hazard ratio: 1.19 per ms, p = 0.003), QTc dispersion (hazard ratio: 1.57 per ms, p = 0.002), fQRS (hazard ratio: 3.58 p < 0.0001), Tp-e (hazard ratio: 2.27 per ms, p < 0.0001), and Tp-e dispersion (hazard ratio: 4.15 per ms, p < 0.0001), emerged as strong predictors of outcome. On multivariate Cox analysis fQRS, Tp-e and Tp-e dispersion remained in the model. The presence of fQRS, and both Tp-e and Tp-e dispersion are useful ECG tools in daily clinical practice to identify CHD patients at risk for appropriate ICD therapy.


Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Defibrillators, Implantable/adverse effects , Electrocardiography/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Adult , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/mortality , Biomarkers , Cohort Studies , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Predictive Value of Tests , Proportional Hazards Models , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Survival Analysis , Young Adult
7.
CorSalud ; 8(3)jul.-sept. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-69270

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Algunas arritmias ventriculares malignas son desencadenadas por extrasístoles ventriculares con intervalo corto de acoplamiento. Objetivo: Caracterizar los pacientes con eventos de muerte súbita o sincopales por arritmias ventriculares malignas desencadenadas por este tipo de extrasístoles. Método: Se estudiaron 29 sujetos, 16 mujeres y 13 hombres, edad promedio 38 años, con y sin cardiopatía estructural, recibieran o no fármacos antiarrítmicos, con eventos de muerte súbita o sincopales por arritmias malignas desencadenadas por extrasístoles ventriculares con intervalo corto de acoplamiento. Se evaluaron, según necesidad, historia clínica, secuencias eléctricas, ecocardiograma, telemetría, prueba de esfuerzo, coronariografía, pruebas farmacológicas, y estimulación eléctrica programada. Resultados: La presentación más frecuente fue la muerte súbita (89,6 por ciento). La fibrilación ventricular fue la arritmia más frecuente (20 eventos), seguida por la taquicardia helicoidal y otras. El acoplamiento fue ultracorto en el 59,4 por ciento y corto en el 40,6 por ciento. En el 61,5 por ciento, los eventos de muerte súbita fueron desencadenados por extrasístoles ultracortas, luego se consideran de alto riesgo. Los tratamientos fueron elcardioversor-desfibrilador, los fármacos antiarrítmicos o su supresión y otros. Hubo dos fallecidos, ambos sin cardioversor. Conclusiones: Las extrasístoles ventriculares con intervalo corto de acoplamiento son marcadores eléctricos premonitorios y desencadenantes de arritmias ventriculares malignas y de muerte súbita, en pacientes con y sin cardiopatía estructural. A menor grado de acoplamiento, mayor frecuencia de arritmias malignas y de muerte súbita; este es un factor importante para la estratificación de riesgo de las extrasístoles, pero no es el único(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Ventricular Fibrillation , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Ventricular Premature Complexes/complications , Ventricular Premature Complexes/mortality
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