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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(6): 857-909, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388317

ABSTRACT

Resumen El Comité de Infecciones en el Niño Inmunocomprometido de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica, entrega este documento de Consenso, llamado "Manejo de los episodios de neutropenia febril en niños con cáncer. Consenso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica 2021". El documento contiene recomendaciones sobre aspectos de prevención, predicción, diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de los episodios de fiebre y neutropenia, incluyendo recomendaciones específicas sobre: Análisis de ingreso; evaluación, ajustes y duración de terapias antimicrobianas; diagnóstico y manejo de infección fúngica invasora; análisis de los principales focos clínicos de infección; condiciones ambientales necesarias para hospitales que atienden niños con cáncer y quimioprofilaxis. Se ha puesto especial énfasis en entregar las mejores recomendaciones para optimizar el manejo de los episodios de fiebre y neutropenia en niños con cáncer, buscando la equidad y la excelencia a través de todos los centros que atienden estos pacientes en América Latina.


Abstract The Committee for Infections in Immunocompromised Children of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica, presents this Consensus document, titled "Management of episodes of febrile neutropenia in children with cancer. Consensus of the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica 2021". The document includes recommendations on prevention, prediction, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of episodes of fever and neutropenia, including specific recommendations on: Analysis at admission; evaluation, adjustments and duration of antimicrobial therapies; diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infection; analysis of the main clinical source of infections; environmental conditions necessary for hospitals caring for children with cancer and chemoprophylaxis. Special emphasis has been placed on providing the best recommendations to optimize the management of episodes of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer, with equity and excellence through all the centers that treat these patients in Latin America.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Communicable Diseases , Febrile Neutropenia/drug therapy , Neoplasms/complications , Consensus , Fever , Latin America
2.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(3): e278-e283, jun. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1116944

ABSTRACT

El incremento de la expectativa de vida con el advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia plantea desafíos en cuanto a la toxicidad e interacciones medicamentosas. El síndrome de Cushing exógeno por interacción entre ritonavir y fluticasona inhalada en niños con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica es infrecuente. Hasta el momento, hay 20 casos reportados. Se describen 3 casos pediátricos con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica que presentaron síndrome de Cushing exógeno con fluticasona inhalada en dosis habituales por la interacción medicamentosa entre esta y ritonavir. Los pacientes resolvieron el cuadro clínico luego de 2-4 meses de suspensión de la fluticasona y permanecieron asintomáticos en el seguimiento


The increase in life expectancy with the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy poses challenges in terms of toxicity and drug interactions. Exogenous Cushing syndrome by interaction between ritonavir and inhaled fluticasone in children diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology is rare. So far, there are 20 cases reported. Three pediatric cases are reported, with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology who presented exogenous Cushing syndrome with inhaled fluticasone at usual doses due to drug interaction between it and ritonavir. The patients resolved the clinical Síndrome de Cushing exógeno por interacción medicamentosa de ritonavir y fluticasona inhalada. Reporte de tres casos pediátricos Exogenous Cushing syndrome due to drug interaction of ritonavir and inhaled fluticasone. Report of three pediatric cases picture after 2-4 months of fluticasone suspension and remain asymptomatic in the follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV , Ritonavir/therapeutic use , Cushing Syndrome/therapy , Fluticasone/adverse effects , Fluticasone/therapeutic use , Lung Diseases
3.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 118(3): e278-e283, 2020 06.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32470265

ABSTRACT

The increase in life expectancy with the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy poses challenges in terms of toxicity and drug interactions. Exogenous Cushing syndrome by interaction between ritonavir and inhaled fluticasone in children diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology is rare. So far, there are 20 cases reported. Three pediatric cases are reported, with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic pulmonary pathology who presented exogenous Cushing syndrome with inhaled fluticasone at usual doses due to drug interaction between it and ritonavir. The patients resolved the clinical picture after 2-4 months of fluticasone suspension and remain asymptomatic in the follow-up.


El incremento de la expectativa de vida con el advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia plantea desafíos en cuanto a la toxicidad e interacciones medicamentosas. El síndrome de Cushing exógeno por interacción entre ritonavir y fluticasona inhalada en niños con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica es infrecuente. Hasta el momento, hay 20 casos reportados. Se describen 3 casos pediátricos con diagnóstico de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y patología pulmonar crónica que presentaron síndrome de Cushing exógeno con fluticasona inhalada en dosis habituales por la interacción medicamentosa entre esta y ritonavir. Los pacientes resolvieron el cuadro clínico luego de 2-4 meses de suspensión de la fluticasona y permanecieron asintomáticos en el seguimiento.


Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Asthma/drug therapy , Bronchodilator Agents/adverse effects , Cushing Syndrome/chemically induced , Fluticasone/adverse effects , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/drug therapy , Ritonavir/adverse effects , Administration, Inhalation , Adolescent , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Asthma/complications , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Chronic Disease , Cushing Syndrome/diagnosis , Drug Interactions , Fluticasone/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/etiology , Male , Ritonavir/therapeutic use
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 117(1): 63-67, feb. 2019. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-983783

ABSTRACT

El dengue es la arbovirosis humana que más morbimortalidad ocasiona mundialmente. Durante 2016, se registró, en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, la mayor epidemia de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y hematológicas en una población pediátrica. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal que incluyó a pacientes atendidos del 18-1-16 al 15-4-16 en el Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez". Resultados: se registraron 156 casos, 82 confirmados por virología; 130 (83 %), autóctonos. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron fiebre, cefalea y dolor retroocular. Las alteraciones del laboratorio significativas fueron leucopenia, plaquetopenia y aumento de transaminasas. Se internaron 35 pacientes (23 %), 25 (16 %) con signos de alarma. No se presentó ningún caso de dengue grave. Conclusiones: el reconocimiento oportuno de los signos de alarma y el control hematológico resultan fundamentales para detectar a los niños en riesgo y ofrecerles tratamiento de soporte en forma precoz.


Dengue is the human arbovirus with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. The largest outbreak of dengue in Buenos Aires, Argentina, occurred during 2016. Objective: To describe clinical and hematological features in children with confirmed dengue infection. Methods: Cross sectional study that included children attended since January 18th to April 15th 2016 at Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez". Results: among 156 registered cases, 82 confirmed cases by virology test; 130 (83 %) autochthonous cases. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, headache and retro-ocular pain. Laboratory abnormalities were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and increased liver enzymes. Thirty-five children were hospitalized (23 %), 25 (16 %) with warning signs. In our study, no cases of severe dengue occurred. Conclusions: early recognition of warning signs and hematological monitoring is essential in order to detect patients at risk and offer them adequate early treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Pediatrics , Child , Dengue Virus
5.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 117(1): e63-e67, 2019 02 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30652459

ABSTRACT

Dengue is the human arbovirus with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. The largest outbreak of dengue in Buenos Aires, Argentina, occurred during 2016. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical and hematological features in children with confirmed dengue infection. METHODS: Cross sectional study that included children attended since January 18th to April 15th 2016 at Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez". RESULTS: among 156 registered cases, 82 confirmed cases by virology test; 130 (83 %) autochthonous cases. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, headache and retro-ocular pain. Laboratory abnormalities were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and increased liver enzymes. Thirty-five children were hospitalized (23 %), 25 (16 %) with warning signs. In our study, no cases of severe dengue occurred. CONCLUSIONS: early recognition of warning signs and hematological monitoring is essential in order to detect patients at risk and offer them adequate early treatment.


El dengue es la arbovirosis humana que más morbimortalidad ocasiona mundialmente. Durante 2016, se registró, en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, la mayor epidemia de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y hematológicas en una población pediátrica. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal que incluyó a pacientes atendidos del 18-1-16 al 15-4-16 en el Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez". Resultados: se registraron 156 casos, 82 confirmados por virología; 130 (83 %), autóctonos. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron fiebre, cefalea y dolor retroocular. Las alteraciones del laboratorio significativas fueron leucopenia, plaquetopenia y aumento de transaminasas. Se internaron 35 pacientes (23 %), 25 (16 %) con signos de alarma. No se presentó ningún caso de dengue grave. Conclusiones: el reconocimiento oportuno de los signos de alarma y el control hematológico resultan fundamentales para detectar a los niños en riesgo y ofrecerles tratamiento de soporte en forma precoz.


Subject(s)
Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent , Argentina/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dengue/blood , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Urban Health , Young Adult
6.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc ; 7(1): 11-17, 2018 Feb 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28040688

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Morbidity and mortality rates for pertussis in infants are high because disease often occurs before the onset of routine immunization or in those who do not complete a primary immunization series. Pertussis immunization is recommended during pregnancy to achieve antibody levels sufficient to protect young infants. To our knowledge, no previous reports of maternal pertussis immunization results in Latin America exist in the literature. METHODS: This study compared pertussis antibody levels in newborns from mothers who received or did not receive a tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccination (TdapV) during pregnancy. Each mother's level of immunoglobulin G antibodies against pertussis toxin (IgG-PT) was measured with a validated, specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Paired mother and cord serum samples were compared in 105 mothers with and 99 mothers without a TdapV. At birth, the mothers with and those without a TdapV had serum IgG-PT geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of 35.1 and 9.8 ELISA units (EU)/mL, respectively (P < .0001); cord blood GMCs were 51.3 and 11.6 EU/mL, respectively (P < .0003); and cord blood IgG-PT levels were <5 EU/mL in 2.9% and 16.1% of the cord blood samples, respectively (P < .001). The mothers received their TdapV at a mean (± standard deviation [SD]) of 24.7 ± 4.8 weeks' gestation. Vaccination timing did not affect the IgG-PT GMC at birth. Placental antibody transference efficiencies (measured as the ratio of the cord blood GMC to the maternal GMC) were 1.46 and 1.18 for mothers with and those without a TdapV, respectively. The IgG-PT GMCs were 17.7 EU/mL in 36 infants in their first month of life and 11.6 EU/mL in 32 infants in their second month of life. CONCLUSIONS: Women who received a TdapV during pregnancy had significantly a higher serum/cord IgG-PT concentration at birth than mothers who did not receive a TdapV. Timing of the immunization was not correlated with antibody concentrations. Infants born to immunized mothers had significantly higher antibody levels during their first 2 months of life.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines/therapeutic use , Whooping Cough/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Argentina/epidemiology , Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines/immunology , Female , Fetal Blood/immunology , Humans , Infant , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Young Adult
7.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 112(4): 315-322, ago. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-727362

ABSTRACT

La coqueluche es una enfermedad inmunopreve-nible que afecta a todas las edades. Los adultos jóvenes que han perdido su inmunidad contra pertussis son una importante fuente de infección para los lactantes. Ante el aumento sostenido de casos de coqueluche, se plantean nuevas estrategias de prevención.Objetivo. Evaluar la seroprevalencia de coqueluche en donantes de sangre adultos, puérperas y cordones.Métodos. Determinación de títulos de anticuerpos totales anti-Bordetella spp (Bordetella) mediante el ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas. Se evaluaron sueros de 103 donantes, 101 puérperas y 100 cordones. Los títulos < 80 fueron considerados de bajo impacto contra la enfermedad. El pasaje transplacentario de anticuerpos fue evaluado como la relación en los títulos de anticuerpos en cordones/madres. Resultados. Media de edad de los donantes: 28 ± 6 años. Mediana títulos anti-Bordetella: 320; rango intercuartil: 160-320 (RIC); 10% presentaron títulos < 80. Media de edad de las puérperas: 26 ± 6 años. Mediana títulos anti-Bordetella: 160 (RIC: 80320), títulos significativamente menores que las mujeres donantes (p= 0,00002). El 30% de las puérperas presentaron títulos < 80. Mediana anti-Bordetella cordones: 160 (RIC: 80160). Los cordones presentaron títulos < 80 más frecuentemente que sus madres (44% vs. 30%, p= 0,04). El pasaje transplacentario fue 0,83. El título en los cordones fue igual a sus madres en el 54%, menor en el 37% y mayor solo en el 8%.Conclusiones. Los títulos de anticuerpos anti-Bordetella en las puérperas fueron significativamente menores que en las donantes. Las madres y los cordones presentaron títulos < 80 en el 30% y el 44%, respectivamente. Estos datos podrían explicar las altas tasas de ataque en lactantes pequeños que no han completado su esquema de vacunación.


Subject(s)
Female , Whooping Cough/prevention & control , Whooping Cough
8.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 112(4): 315-322, ago. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-131712

ABSTRACT

La coqueluche es una enfermedad inmunopreve-nible que afecta a todas las edades. Los adultos jóvenes que han perdido su inmunidad contra pertussis son una importante fuente de infección para los lactantes. Ante el aumento sostenido de casos de coqueluche, se plantean nuevas estrategias de prevención.Objetivo. Evaluar la seroprevalencia de coqueluche en donantes de sangre adultos, puérperas y cordones.Métodos. Determinación de títulos de anticuerpos totales anti-Bordetella spp (Bordetella) mediante el ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas. Se evaluaron sueros de 103 donantes, 101 puérperas y 100 cordones. Los títulos < 80 fueron considerados de bajo impacto contra la enfermedad. El pasaje transplacentario de anticuerpos fue evaluado como la relación en los títulos de anticuerpos en cordones/madres. Resultados. Media de edad de los donantes: 28 ± 6 años. Mediana títulos anti-Bordetella: 320; rango intercuartil: 160-320 (RIC); 10% presentaron títulos < 80. Media de edad de las puérperas: 26 ± 6 años. Mediana títulos anti-Bordetella: 160 (RIC: 80320), títulos significativamente menores que las mujeres donantes (p= 0,00002). El 30% de las puérperas presentaron títulos < 80. Mediana anti-Bordetella cordones: 160 (RIC: 80160). Los cordones presentaron títulos < 80 más frecuentemente que sus madres (44% vs. 30%, p= 0,04). El pasaje transplacentario fue 0,83. El título en los cordones fue igual a sus madres en el 54%, menor en el 37% y mayor solo en el 8%.Conclusiones. Los títulos de anticuerpos anti-Bordetella en las puérperas fueron significativamente menores que en las donantes. Las madres y los cordones presentaron títulos < 80 en el 30% y el 44%, respectivamente. Estos datos podrían explicar las altas tasas de ataque en lactantes pequeños que no han completado su esquema de vacunación.(AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Whooping Cough , Whooping Cough/prevention & control
9.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 112(4): 315-22, 2014 08.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24955901

ABSTRACT

Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease that affects people of all ages. Young adults who have lost their immunity to pertussis are the major source of infection in infants. Given the steady increase of pertussis cases, new prevention strategies are required. Objective. To assess pertussis seroprevalence in adult blood donors, post-partum women, and umbilical cords. Metod. Measurement of total titers of anti-Bordetella spp. (Bordetella) antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum samples from 103 donors, 101 post-partum women and 100 umbilical cords were analyzed. Titers <80 were considered of low impact against the disease. The assessment included transplacental transfer of antibodies and the umbilical cord/maternal ratio of antibody titers. Results. Donors mean age was: 28 ± 6 years old. Mediananti-Bordetella titers: 320; interquartile range (IQR):160-320; 10% had titers <80. Post-partum women mean age was: 26 ± 6 years old. Median anti-Bordetella titers:160 (IQR:80-320), with titers significantly lower than in female donors (p= 0.00002). Titers <80 were found in 30% of post-partum women. Median anti-Bordetella titers in umbilical cords: 160 (IQR: 80-160). Titers <80 were more frequently found in umbilical cords than in mothers (44% versus 30%, p= 0.04). Transplacental transfer was 0.83. Umbilical cord titers were equal to maternal titers in 54% of cases, lower in 37%, and higher only in 8%. Conclusion. Titers of anti-Bordetella antibodies in post-partum women were significantly lower than in female blood donors. Titers <80 were found in 30% of post-partum women and 44% of umbilical cords. These data may account for the high rates of pertussis in young infants who have not yet completed their vaccination schedule.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Whooping Cough/blood , Whooping Cough/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Fetal Blood , Humans , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Young Adult
10.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 112(4): 315-22, 2014 Aug.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-133526

ABSTRACT

Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease that affects people of all ages. Young adults who have lost their immunity to pertussis are the major source of infection in infants. Given the steady increase of pertussis cases, new prevention strategies are required. Objective. To assess pertussis seroprevalence in adult blood donors, post-partum women, and umbilical cords. Metod. Measurement of total titers of anti-Bordetella spp. (Bordetella) antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum samples from 103 donors, 101 post-partum women and 100 umbilical cords were analyzed. Titers <80 were considered of low impact against the disease. The assessment included transplacental transfer of antibodies and the umbilical cord/maternal ratio of antibody titers. Results. Donors mean age was: 28 ± 6 years old. Mediananti-Bordetella titers: 320; interquartile range (IQR):160-320; 10


had titers <80. Post-partum women mean age was: 26 ± 6 years old. Median anti-Bordetella titers:160 (IQR:80-320), with titers significantly lower than in female donors (p= 0.00002). Titers <80 were found in 30


of post-partum women. Median anti-Bordetella titers in umbilical cords: 160 (IQR: 80-160). Titers <80 were more frequently found in umbilical cords than in mothers (44


versus 30


, p= 0.04). Transplacental transfer was 0.83. Umbilical cord titers were equal to maternal titers in 54


of cases, lower in 37


, and higher only in 8


. Conclusion. Titers of anti-Bordetella antibodies in post-partum women were significantly lower than in female blood donors. Titers <80 were found in 30


of post-partum women and 44


of umbilical cords. These data may account for the high rates of pertussis in young infants who have not yet completed their vaccination schedule.

11.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 31(7): 781-3, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22466323

ABSTRACT

In May 2009, the onset of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) began in Buenos Aires schools and a containment program was implemented. We report the first 191 school-aged cases. Influenza (H1N1) was a mild disease in children. Oseltamivir was well tolerated and resulted in a significantly reduced duration of symptoms in this group. Oseltamivir was also effective at preventing secondary cases.


Subject(s)
Family Characteristics , Family Health , Influenza, Human/drug therapy , Influenza, Human/pathology , Oseltamivir/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Influenza, Human/virology , Male , Oseltamivir/adverse effects , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
12.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 109(2): 150-4, 2011 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21465074

ABSTRACT

Primary meningococcal arthritis is an extremely uncommon type of invasive meningococcal disease, with an incidence of 1.5- 1.8% of all paediatric cases of pyogenic arthritis. It is defined as the presence of acute septic arthritis without association with meningitis or the classic meningococcaemia, and isolation of Neisseria meningitidis in synovial fluid and/or blood culture. Typically monoarticular, mostly affects large joints. Prognosis is excellent with appropriated treatment. The aim of this study is to report 9 cases of primary meningococcal arthritis, evaluated at Hospital de Niños "Dr. R. Gutiérrez" in a period of 3 years, and to discuss clinical and epidemiologic issues.


Subject(s)
Arthritis/microbiology , Meningococcal Infections , Arthritis/diagnosis , Arthritis/therapy , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Meningococcal Infections/diagnosis , Meningococcal Infections/therapy , Retrospective Studies
13.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 109(2): 150-154, abr. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-589520

ABSTRACT

La artritis meningocócica primaria es una forma rara de presentación de la enfermedad invasiva por meningococo. Se define como la presencia de artritis séptica aguda sin asociación con meningitis, ni clínica de meningococemia, y con aislamiento de Neisseria meningitidis en líquido articular o sangre. La incidencia comunicada en pediatría es del 1,5 -1,8 por ciento de lasartritis piógenas. Generalmente presenta compromiso monoarticular y de grandes articulaciones. La respuesta es excelente con tratamiento antibiótico adecuado. Nuestro objetivo es comunicar 9 casos de artritis meningocócica primaria registrados en el Hospital de Niños Dr. R. Gutiérrez, en un período de 3 años y discutir los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos.


Primary meningococcal arthritis is an extremely uncommon type of invasive meningoccal disease, with an incidence of 1.5- 1.8% of all paediatric cases of pyogenic arthritis. It is defined as the presence of acute septic arthritis without association with meningitis or the classic meningococcaemia, and isolation of Neisseria meningitidis in synovial fluid and/or blood culture. Typically monoarticular, mostly affects large joints. Prognosis is excellent with appropriated treatment. The aim of this study is to report 9 cases of primary meningococcal arthritis, evaluated at Hospital de Niños "Dr. R. Gutiérrez" in a period of 3 years, and to discuss clinical and epidemiologic issues.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Arthritis, Infectious/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Neisseria meningitidis , Pediatrics , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
14.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 109(2): 150-154, abr. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-125824

ABSTRACT

La artritis meningocócica primaria es una forma rara de presentación de la enfermedad invasiva por meningococo. Se define como la presencia de artritis séptica aguda sin asociación con meningitis, ni clínica de meningococemia, y con aislamiento de Neisseria meningitidis en líquido articular o sangre. La incidencia comunicada en pediatría es del 1,5 -1,8 por ciento de lasartritis piógenas. Generalmente presenta compromiso monoarticular y de grandes articulaciones. La respuesta es excelente con tratamiento antibiótico adecuado. Nuestro objetivo es comunicar 9 casos de artritis meningocócica primaria registrados en el Hospital de Niños Dr. R. Gutiérrez, en un período de 3 años y discutir los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos.(AU)


Primary meningococcal arthritis is an extremely uncommon type of invasive meningoccal disease, with an incidence of 1.5- 1.8% of all paediatric cases of pyogenic arthritis. It is defined as the presence of acute septic arthritis without association with meningitis or the classic meningococcaemia, and isolation of Neisseria meningitidis in synovial fluid and/or blood culture. Typically monoarticular, mostly affects large joints. Prognosis is excellent with appropriated treatment. The aim of this study is to report 9 cases of primary meningococcal arthritis, evaluated at Hospital de Niños "Dr. R. Gutiérrez" in a period of 3 years, and to discuss clinical and epidemiologic issues.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Neisseria meningitidis , Pediatrics , Arthritis, Infectious/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies
15.
Int J Infect Dis ; 9(2): 96-103, 2005 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15708325

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: AIDS patients are at increased risk of developing concurrent infections with viral, parasitic, fungal or mycobacterial organisms. They can present constitutional symptoms of fever and weight loss, either due to infections or an underlying lymphoma which may coexist. CASE REPORT: A child with HIV-AIDS and mild encephalopathy is reported, who during the course of a confirmed disseminated mycobacterial disease developed neurological impairment. Post-mortem examination revealed disseminated BCG infection and Epstein-Barr associated primary CNS lymphoma. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) presence was assessed by LMP-1 protein labelling by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation (ISH) for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. CONCLUSIONS: BCG vaccination among HIV-1 infected children leads to the risk of disseminated BCG infection. BCG immunization programmes should be reconsidered for children at risk of HIV infection, because the risk of delayed complications is independent of the immunological status at the time of the vaccination. Only isolated cases of primary CNS lymphoma occurring in HIV-infected children have been reported, and a striking association with EBV infection has been demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , BCG Vaccine/adverse effects , Brain Neoplasms/etiology , Burkitt Lymphoma/etiology , Tuberculosis/etiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Child, Preschool , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans
16.
Pathol Res Pract ; 198(5): 327-32, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12092768

ABSTRACT

The relationship between Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and the human host is commonly benign, whereas the development of malignancy is most likely due to imbalance between the virus and host's immune system. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of EBV with pediatric lymphomas in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Four consecutive patients with a histological and clinical diagnosis of lymphomas among 351 pediatric HIV-infected children prospectively followed up at our hospital since 1991 were studied. The cases included one diffuse fibrosis lymphocyte depletion subtype Hodgkin's lymphoma, 2 Burkitt's lymphomas, and one primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system. We assessed EBV presence by LMP-1 protein labeling by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for EBERs in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies from all four cases. All HIV-associated lymphomas studied were found to be associated with EBV. The lymphoproliferative action of EBV may induce oncogenesis by increasing the probability of genetic alterations and/or by expanding an already malignant clone. As an oncogenic protein, LMP-1 expression by tumor cells supports the involvement of EBV in disease pathogenesis.


Subject(s)
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/virology , Ribosomal Proteins , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing , Carrier Proteins/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Cytoskeletal Proteins , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology , Female , Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics , Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity , Humans , Immunocompromised Host/immunology , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Immunophenotyping , In Situ Hybridization , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , LIM Domain Proteins , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/classification , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/immunology , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology , Male , RNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
17.
Int J Infect Dis ; 6(1): 9-16, 2002 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12044295

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Argentina has the sixth largest number of cumulative pediatric cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Americas; therefore, this study was designed to characterize human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in children in Buenos Aires, Argentina. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 389 children at risk and infected with HIV-1, an urban population followed by the AIDS Reference Center at the Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez" of Buenos Aires, from February 1990 to June 1997, were retrospectively reviewed. Mother-infant pairs were analyzed according to clinical and epidemiologic patterns. RESULTS: Perinatal transmission occurred in 94.9% of the 389 cases classified as seroreverter (n=104, 26.7%), exposed (n=64, 16.4%), asymptomatic (n=13, 3.4%), and symptomatic patients (n=208, 53.5%); 132 patients met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for AIDS. The main maternal risk factor was sexual transmission 58.9% (73.4% of their sexual partners were injection drug users [IDU]). Among the AIDS patients, the most common AIDS-defining condition and death-related disease were severe bacterial infection and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, respectively. Death occurred in 51 of 221 HIV-infected children. Low CD4 was related to death (P < 0.001). Mortality was estimated for two periods: January 1990 to December 1995 (G1) and January 1996 to May 1997 (G2). In G1, 37 of 127 (29.1%) died compared with 14 of 154 (9.1%) in G2 (P=0.001). The median age of death was 10 months for G1 and 29 months for G2 (P=0.01). The 3-year survival rate was 72% for G1 and 87% for G2 (log rank P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous drug use is the leading risk factor among parents of children exposed to HIV. Infant mortality was related to age less than 12 months, low CD4 count, severe bacterial infection and P. carinii pneumonia. In this study, P. carinii pneumonia prophylaxis and combined antiretroviral therapy routinely implemented since 1996 has demonstrated a trend toward increased survival rates (P=0.06) and a lower mortality rate (P=0.001).


Subject(s)
HIV Infections/mortality , HIV Infections/transmission , HIV-1 , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Argentina/epidemiology , Child, Preschool , Female , HIV Infections/physiopathology , HIV Infections/virology , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/microbiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Survival Rate
18.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 41(182): 83-87, jun. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-279372

ABSTRACT

En la mayoría de los casos, la infeccioón por HIV en los niños se debe a la transmisión vertical (madre-hijo). Debido a la imposibilidad de realizar un diagnóstico serológico de infección por HIV en los niños <18 meses, efectuamos un estudio prospectivo para evaluar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la técnica PCR y antígeno p24, en 24 niños <18 meses. Se realizó la amplificación in vitro del gen nef HIV-1 a partir del ADN proviral de células mononucleares. En un grupo de pacientes con infección confirmada, observamos una sensibilidad de 91,67 por ciento para la PCR y de 48,55 por ciento para el antígeno p24 en 12 y 35 pacientes, respectivamente. En 14 de los 24 pacientes <18 meses se confirmó la infección por HIV con una sensibilidad de 92,85 por ciento para PCR y 84,61 por ciento para el antígeno p24. Un 50 por ciento (7/14) de estos pacientes presentaron una enfermedad marcada de SIDA con una edad media de presentación de 6.1 m. En 4 de los 7 pacientes, la presentación clínica coincidió con la fecha de la primera muestra virológica. En los 10 pacientes restantes <18 meses, la infección fue descartada, se observó un 100 por ciento de especificidad y sensibilidad para PCR y antígeno p24. Los métodos de detección viral del HIV permiten un diagnóstico temprano en hijos de madres HIV positivas, y debido a la alta sensibilidad y especificidad de la PCR, consideramos que es una herramienta diagnóstica de gran utilidad, que debería ser usada en este grupo de pacientes.


Subject(s)
HIV , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pediatrics , Polymerase Chain Reaction
19.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 41(182): 83-87, jun. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-11090

ABSTRACT

En la mayoría de los casos, la infeccioón por HIV en los niños se debe a la transmisión vertical (madre-hijo). Debido a la imposibilidad de realizar un diagnóstico serológico de infección por HIV en los niños <18 meses, efectuamos un estudio prospectivo para evaluar la sensibilidad y la especificidad de la técnica PCR y antígeno p24, en 24 niños <18 meses. Se realizó la amplificación in vitro del gen nef HIV-1 a partir del ADN proviral de células mononucleares. En un grupo de pacientes con infección confirmada, observamos una sensibilidad de 91,67 por ciento para la PCR y de 48,55 por ciento para el antígeno p24 en 12 y 35 pacientes, respectivamente. En 14 de los 24 pacientes <18 meses se confirmó la infección por HIV con una sensibilidad de 92,85 por ciento para PCR y 84,61 por ciento para el antígeno p24. Un 50 por ciento (7/14) de estos pacientes presentaron una enfermedad marcada de SIDA con una edad media de presentación de 6.1 m. En 4 de los 7 pacientes, la presentación clínica coincidió con la fecha de la primera muestra virológica. En los 10 pacientes restantes <18 meses, la infección fue descartada, se observó un 100 por ciento de especificidad y sensibilidad para PCR y antígeno p24. Los métodos de detección viral del HIV permiten un diagnóstico temprano en hijos de madres HIV positivas, y debido a la alta sensibilidad y especificidad de la PCR, consideramos que es una herramienta diagnóstica de gran utilidad, que debería ser usada en este grupo de pacientes.(AU)


Subject(s)
HIV , Pediatrics , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Polymerase Chain Reaction , HIV Core Protein p24
20.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 92(5): 271-6, oct. 1994. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258435

ABSTRACT

Introducción.El empleo racional de antibióticos es un elemento fundamental en un programa de control de infecciones.Para evaluar se uso se diseñó un estudio epidemiológico.Material y Métodos.Se efectuó un estudio de corte el día 21/8/91,encuestándose a todos los pacientes internados en el hospital.Los datos fueron recogidos por un grupo capacitado para tal fin y se procesaron mediante el programa EPI-INFO.Conclusiones.Este estudio permitió realizar evaluaciones periódicas generales,obteniéndose una mayor efectividad terapeútica y reducción de costos


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Hospitals, Pediatric , Pediatrics
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