Precisely Constructing Renal-Clearable and LAP-Activatable Ratiometric Molecular Probes for Early Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Kidney Injury Via Optimizing Asymmetric DPP Dyes.

Fluorescence analysis is an increasingly important contributor to the early diagnosis of kidney diseases. To achieve precise visualization of the kidneys and early diagnosis of related diseases, an asymmetric pyrrolopyrrolidone (DPP) dye platform with C-aromatic substituents and N-lipophilic/hydrophilic modification was constructed. Based on these, we developed the renal-clearable, water-soluble, and kidney injury biomarker leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activated ratiometric fluorescent probe DPP-S-L. In the mouse model of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and during the development of type 2 diabetes to diabetic kidney disease, we visualized for the first time the upregulation of LAP in the kidney and urine by dual-channel ratiometric fluorescence signal and diagnosed the kidney injury earlier and more sensitively than blood/urine enzyme detection and tissue analysis. This study showcases an excellent asymmetric DPP dye platform and renal-clearable ratiometric fluorescent probe design strategy that is extended to determination and visualization of other biomarkers for early disease diagnosis.

A resorufin-based fluorescent probe for hydrazine detection and its application in environmental analysis and bioimaging.

Hydrazine (N2H4) is an important industrial raw material that has been widely used in industrial production and agricultural interventions, but its widespread application also inevitably causes environmental pollution. In this study, based on resorufin, we constructed a novel "turn-on" fluorescent probe RFT for the selective detection of hydrazine under complex environmental conditions and in vivo. The probe RFT exhibited excellent stability and selectivity towards the detection of hydrazine with a low detection limit of 260 nM. In addition, RFT was successfully applied to the detection of hydrazine in environmental water samples and living cells. Most importantly, RFT could not only detect the exogenous hydrazine in zebrafish and mice, but also image and visualize the up-regulation of endogenous hydrazine induced by isoniazid in zebrafish.