ABSTRACT
Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) infection is widespread in many Muscovy-duck-farming countries, leading to a huge economic loss. By means of overlapping peptides expressed in Escherichia coli in combination with Western blot, antigenic domains on the non-structural protein (NSP) of MDPV were identified for the first time. On the Western blot, the fragments NS(481-510), NS (501-530), NS (521-550), NS (541-570), NS (561-590), NS (581-610) and NS (601-627) were positive (the numbers in parentheses indicate the location of amino acids), and other fragments were negative. These seven fragments were also reactive in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). We therefore conclude that a linear antigenic domain of the NSP is located at its C-terminal end (amino acid residues 481-627). These results may facilitate future investigations into the function of NSP of MDPV and the development of immunoassays for the diagnosis of MDPV infection.
Subject(s)
Parvoviridae Infections/veterinary , Parvovirus/immunology , Poultry Diseases/virology , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunology , Amino Acid Motifs , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Ducks , Epitope Mapping , Molecular Sequence Data , Parvoviridae Infections/immunology , Parvoviridae Infections/virology , Parvovirus/chemistry , Parvovirus/genetics , Parvovirus/isolation & purification , Poultry Diseases/immunology , Sequence Alignment , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Congenital arteriovenous malformations(AVM) are considered to be the most difficult and challenging problems in the treatment of hemangiomas and vascular lesions. This study focused on the natural history, the clinical classification, the choice and effectiveness of various treatments. METHODS: This retrospective review included 83 patients with extracranial arteriovenous malformations, who were referred to our department over the past 6 years. The anatomic patterns, clinical staging, respective treatments, influential factors of endovascular treatment, causes of recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS: According to clinical manifestations, arteriovenous malformations were categorized as three clinical stages: the quiescence, the expansion and the decompensation stages. Most AVMS in the quiescence stage only require endovascular treatment while those in the decompensation stage require surgical resection. Angiography was performed not only for diagnosis of AVM but also as an initial therapeutic step in the form of embolization, which might be the only means to some AVM without surgical possibility or necessity. CONCLUSION: The new concept of staging and management is expected to be helpful for diagnosis and treatments of AVM.