[Analysis of Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Intensity in Chengdu Plain].

The spatial distribution of fertilization intensity and its influencing factors are significant for the accurate management of fertilization and pollution prevention and control. Previous studies are mostly limited to the discussion of human factors that influences the spatial distribution of fertilization intensity while ignoring natural geographical factors. Based on the chemical fertilizer survey data collected from 23492 sites in Chengdu Plain and combined with Geostatistics analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of average nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application intensity from 2010 to 2015 in this region were explored. The results show that:① the average annual application intensity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the study area from 2010 to 2015 is generally in the low and medium risk intensity of 120-360 kg·hm-2 and 60-180 kg·hm-2. The high risk intensity is mainly distributed in the grain (fruit) and vegetable growing areas such as Pidu, Pengzhou, Shifang, Longquanyi and Jintang, while the relatively low value areas are mostly distributed in the south and northeast. ② the nugget coefficients of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application intensities are 66.17% and 41.60%. Their spatial distribution is determined by structural and random factors, showing a moderate spatial autocorrelation. ③ both human and natural factors have significant effects on the application intensity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. The crop type (fine classification) can explain the spatial variation of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer respectively by 12.90% and 25.10%, which is the main controlling factor affecting the spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus application intensity; the importance of soil parent material is second only to the planting crop type, and the independent explanation ability of phosphorus application intensity is about 3.6 times higher than that of nitrogen application intensity. When the type of planting crop plays a decisive role, the soil parent material still deeply restricts and affects the spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application intensity in the study area. Therefore, the comprehensive effects of planting crop types and soil parent materials should be considered in fertilization management and environmental risk analysis, and the effects of soil parent material should also be taken into account in the application of phosphate fertilizer.

Log odds of positive lymph nodes is superior to the number- and ratio-based lymph node classification systems for colorectal cancer patients undergoing curative (R0) resection.

The metastatic lymph node status (N classification) is an important prognostic factor for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the prognostic assessment of three different lymph node staging methods, namely standard lymph node (pN) staging, metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) in CRC patients who undergo curative resection (R0). Data were retrospectively collected from 192 patients who had undergone R0 resection. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Cox proportional hazards model and accuracy of the three methods (pN, LNR and LODDS) were compared to evaluate the prognostic effect. Univariate analysis demonstrated that pN, LNR and LODDS were all significantly correlated with survival (P=0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The final result of the 3-step multivariate analysis demonstrated that LODDS was superior to the other two N categories. Patients in the same pN or LNR classifications may be classified into different LODDS stages with different prognoses. Thus, LODDS may be a meaningful prognostic indicator and superior to the pN and LNR classifications in CRC patients who undergo curative (R0) resection.

The complete mitochondrial genome of pantropical jumping spider Plexippus paykulli (Araneae: Salticidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Plexippus paykulli is a circular molecule of 14,316 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a control region. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 73.5% (T: 40.6%; C: 9.0%; A: 32.9%; G: 17.5%). ATP6, Cyt b, ND2, ND5 and ND4 genes begin with ATA as start codon; ATP8, ND1, ND3 and ND4L genes begin with ATT as start codon; COII and COIII genes begin with TTG as start codon; COI gene begins with AGA as start codon, while ND6 gene start with a typical ATG initiation codon. ATP6, COI, COII, COIII and ND3 genes are terminated with TAA as stop codon, ND6 ends with TA, ATP8, ND1 and ND2 end with TAG, Cyt b, ND5, ND4 and ND4L end with T.

The complete mitochondrial genome of flat spider Selenops bursarius (Araneae: Selenopidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Selenops bursarius is a circular molecule of 14,272 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a control region. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 74.4% (T: 41.8%; C: 8.7%; A: 32.6%; G: 16.9%). COI gene begins with TTA as start codon; COII gene begins with GTG as start codon; ATP6 and ATP8 genes begin with ATA as start codon; COIII and ND4 genes begin with TTG as start codon; ND1 and ND5 genes begin with ATC as start codon, while other five protein-coding genes start with ATT. ATP6, ATP8, COII, COIII, ND2, ND3, ND4 and ND5 genes are terminated with TAA as stop codon, ND1 ends with TAG, COI ends with TG, Cyt b, ND4L and ND6 end with T.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the writing spider Argiope amoena (Araneae: Araneidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Argiope amoena is a circular molecule of 14,121 bp in length, contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 21 transfer RNAs genes and a control region. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 72.1% (T: 38.2%; C: 10.6%; A: 33.9%; G: 17.3%). ND1, ND4, ND6 and ATP6 begin with ATA as start codon, ND4L begins with ATG, ATP8, Cyt b, ND2 and ND3 genes begin with ATT, and the other two protein-coding genes begin with TTG. ATP6, ATP8, COI, COII, COIII, Cyt b, ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4L and ND5 genes are terminated with TAA as stop codon, ND6 ends with TAG, and ND4 ends with T.

The complete mitochondrial genome of striped lynx spider Oxyopes sertatus (Araneae: Oxyopidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Oxyopes sertatus is a circular molecule of 14,442 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a control region. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 75.9% (T: 42.9%; C: 8.2%; A: 33.0%; G: 15.9%). COII, COIII and ND4 genes begin with TTG as start codon; ATP6, COI, ND1 and ND5 genes begin with ATA as start codon, ATP8, Cyt b, ND2 and ND3 genes begin with ATT as start codon, ND6 gene begins with GTG as start codon, while ND4L gene start with a typical ATG initiation codon. ND2 gene is terminated with TAG as stop codon, Cyt b and ND5 end with TA, COI, ND1 and ND4L end with T, ATP6, ATP8, COII, COIII, ND3, ND4 and ND6 end with TAA.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the leopard spider Pardosa laura (Araneae: Lycosidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Pardosa laura is a circular molecule of 14,513 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a control region. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 77.4% (T: 42.9%; C: 8.1%; A: 34.5%; G: 14.5%). ATP6, COII and COIII genes begin with TTG as start codon; ND4 and ND6 genes begin with ATA as start codon, while other eight protein-coding genes start with ATT. COII, COIII, ND2 and ND6 genes are terminated with TAG as stop codon, COI and ND4L end with T, ND4 ends with TA, ATP6, ATP8, Cyt b, ND1, ND3and ND5 end with TAA.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (Unionoida: Unionidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinanodonta woodiana is a circular molecule of 16256 bp in length, containing 14 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 control regions. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 65.9% (T: 28.0%; C: 22.3%; A: 37.9%; G: 11.8%). F ORF (Female-specific open reading frame) begins with ATA, Cyt b begins with ATC, ATP6, ATP8, COII, COIII, ND1, ND2, ND3 and ND5 begin with ATG, ND4L begins with GTG, COI begins with TTG, and other two protein-coding genes begin with ATT as start codon. COII, COIII, F ORF, ND1, ND3, ND5 and ND6 genes are terminated with TAA as stop codon, ATP6, ATP8, COI, Cyt b, ND4 and ND4L end with TAG, and ND2 gene ends with T.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi (Araneae: Araneidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Argiope bruennichi is a circular molecule of 14,063 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 21 transfer RNAs, and a control region. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 73.4% (T: 38.0%; C: 9.8%; A: 35.4%; G: 16.8%). ND6 begins with ATG, ND4 and ATP6 begin with ATA, ND5 and COI begin with TTA, ND1, COII and COIII begin with TTG, and other five protein-coding genes begin with TTG as start codon. ND5, ND4L, ND6, COI, COII, COIII, ATP6 and ATP8 genes are terminated with TAA as stop codon, Cyt b, ND1 and ND2 end with TAG, and other two protein-coding genes end with T.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Nephila clavata (Araneae: Nephilidae) Chinese population.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Nephila clavata is a circular molecule of 14,433 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a control region. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 76.1% (T: 40.0%; C: 9.2%; A: 36.1%; G: 14.7%). COI gene begins with TTA as start codon, COII gene begins with TTT as start codon, COIII gene begins with TTG as start codon, ND3, ND4L, ND6 and ATP8 genes begin with ATT as start codon, while other six protein-coding genes start with ATA as initiation codon. ND3, ND4, ND4L, ND5, COI, COII, ATP6 and ATP8 genes are terminated with TAA as stop codon, ND1, ND2, ND6 and Cyt b end with TAG, and COIII ends with TGA.

The complete mitochondrial genome of long-legs spider Pholcus sp. (Araneae: Pholcidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Pholcus sp. is a circular molecule of 14,279 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and a control region. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 65.8% (T: 39.1%; C: 10.7%; A: 26.7%; G: 23.5%). COII and ND2 genes begin with GTG as start codon, COI, ND4L and ND5 genes begin with ATA as start codon, ATP8, ND1 and ND3 genes begins with ATT as start codon, while other five protein-coding genes start with a typical ATG initiation codon. ATP6, ATP8, COIII, ND2, ND4, ND4L and ND6 genes are terminated with TAA as stop codon, COI, Cyt b, ND1 and ND3 end with TAG, while COII and ND5 end with T.

MicroRNA-26a involved in Toll-like receptor 9­mediated lung cancer growth and migration.

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been shown to have a significant role in cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs that fine tune translation of multiple target mRNAs, are involved in the development and progression of human cancers. The present study was undertaken to determine the roles of TLR9 on lung cancer and whether miR-26a is involved in TLR9­mediated lung cancer growth and migration. The lung cancer models were elicited by injecting human lung cancer cells into the left ventricle. The expression of TLR9 and miR-26a in lung cancer tissues obtained from lung cancer patients was increased. TLR9 ligand CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) caused an increase in the mean tumor weight and the size of tumor mass in nude mice, and the proliferation and migration of H460 human lung cancer cells. CpG-ODN also induced an increase in the expression of miR-26a in H460 cells. The overexpression of miR-26a increased the weight and size of the tumor mass in the nude mice, and the proliferation and migration of H460 cells. Expression of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) was increased after miR-26a overexpression in the H460 cells. PI3K inhibitor wortmannin (WM) or Akt inhibitor triciribine hydrate (TCN) eliminated the increase in the proliferation and migration induced by the overexpression of miR-26a in H460 cells. These results suggested that miR-26a is involved in the TLR9­mediated growth and migration of lung cancer through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Hydra vulgaris (Hydroida: Hydridae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Hydra vulgaris (Hydroida: Hydridae) is composed of two linear DNA molecules. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule 1 is 8010 bp long and contains six protein-coding genes, large subunit rRNA, methionine and tryptophan tRNAs, two pseudogenes consisting respectively of a partial copy of COI, and terminal sequences at two ends of the linear mtDNA, while the mtDNA molecule 2 is 7576 bp long and contains seven protein-coding genes, small subunit rRNA, methionine tRNA, a pseudogene consisting of a partial copy of COI and terminal sequences at two ends of the linear mtDNA. COI gene begins with GTG as start codon, whereas other 12 protein-coding genes start with a typical ATG initiation codon. In addition, all protein-coding genes are terminated with TAA as stop codon.

The complete mitochondrial genome of sika deer Cervus nippon (Cetartiodactyla: Cervinae) South Anhui population.

The complete mitochondrial genome of sika deer (Cervus nippon) South Anhui population is a circular molecule of 16,429 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a control region. The A + T content of the overall base composition of H-strand is 62% (T: 28.7%; C: 24.6%; A: 33.3%; G: 13.4%). ND2, ND3 and ND5 genes begin with ATA as start codon, ND4L gene begins with GTG as start codon, while other nine protein-coding genes start with a typical ATG initiation codon. ND1, COI, COII, ATP8, ATP6, ND4L, ND5 and ND6 genes are terminated with TAA as stop codon, ND2 ends with TAG, COIII, ND3 and ND4 ends with T, Cyt b ends with AGA.