Large-scale 2D heterostructures from hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks and graphene with distinct Dirac and flat bands.

The current strategies for building 2D organic-inorganic heterojunctions involve mostly wet-chemistry processes or exfoliation and transfer, leading to interface contaminations, poor crystallizing, or limited size. Here we show a bottom-up procedure to fabricate 2D large-scale heterostructure with clean interface and highly-crystalline sheets. As a prototypical example, a well-ordered hydrogen-bonded organic framework is self-assembled on the highly-oriented-pyrolytic-graphite substrate. The organic framework adopts a honeycomb lattice with faulted/unfaulted halves in a unit cell, resemble to molecular "graphene". Interestingly, the topmost layer of substrate is self-lifted by organic framework via strong interlayer coupling, to form effectively a floating organic framework/graphene heterostructure. The individual layer of heterostructure inherits its intrinsic property, exhibiting distinct Dirac bands of graphene and narrow bands of organic framework. Our results demonstrate a promising approach to fabricate 2D organic-inorganic heterostructure with large-scale uniformity and highly-crystalline via the self-lifting effect, which is generally applicable to most of van der Waals materials.

Realization of monolayer ZrTe5 topological insulators with wide band gaps.

Two-dimensional topological insulators hosting the quantum spin Hall effect have application potential in dissipationless electronics. To observe the quantum spin Hall effect at elevated temperatures, a wide band gap is indispensable to efficiently suppress bulk conduction. Yet, most candidate materials exhibit narrow or even negative band gaps. Here, via elegant control of van der Waals epitaxy, we have successfully grown monolayer ZrTe5 on a bilayer graphene/SiC substrate. The epitaxial ZrTe5 monolayer crystalizes in two allotrope isomers with different intralayer alignments of ZrTe3 prisms. Our scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy characterization unveils an intrinsic full band gap as large as 254 meV and one-dimensional edge states localized along the periphery of the ZrTe5 monolayer. First-principles calculations further confirm that the large band gap originates from strong spin-orbit coupling, and the edge states are topologically nontrivial. These findings thus provide a highly desirable material platform for the exploration of the high-temperature quantum spin Hall effect.

Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Early Identification of Cognitive Impairment Risk in Community-Based Hypertensive Patients.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors for the development of mild cognitive dysfunction in hypertensive patients in the community and to develop a risk prediction model. Method: The data used in this study were obtained from two sources: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). A total of 1121 participants from CHARLS were randomly allocated into a training set and a validation set, following a 70:30 ratio. Meanwhile, an additional 4016 participants from CLHLS were employed for external validation of the model. The patients in this study were divided into two groups: those with mild cognitive impairment and those without. General information, employment status, pension, health insurance, and presence of depressive symptoms were compared between the two groups. LASSO regression analysis was employed to identify the most predictive variables for the model, utilizing 14-fold cross-validation. The risk prediction model for cognitive impairment in hypertensive populations was developed using generalized linear models. The model's discriminatory power was evaluated through the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curves. Results: In the modeling group, eight variables such as gender, age, residence, education, alcohol use, depression, employment status, and health insurance were ultimately selected from an initial pool of 21 potential predictors to construct the risk prediction model. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the training, internal, and external validation sets were 0.777, 0.785, and 0.782, respectively. All exceeded the threshold of 0.7, suggesting that the model effectively predicts the incidence of mild cognitive dysfunction in community-based hypertensive patients. A risk prediction model was developed using a generalized linear model in conjunction with Lasso regression. The model's performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Hosmer-Lemeshow test values yielded p = .346 and p = .626, both of which exceeded the 0.05 threshold. Calibration curves demonstrated a significant agreement between the nomogram model and observed outcomes, serving as an effective tool for evaluating the model's predictive performance. Discussion: The predictive model developed in this study serves as a promising and efficient tool for evaluating cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients, aiding community healthcare workers in identifying at-risk populations.

Quantum spin driven Yu-Shiba-Rusinov multiplets and fermion-parity-preserving phase transition in K3C60.

Magnetic impurities in superconductors are of increasing interest due to emergent Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states and Majorana zero modes for fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, a direct relationship between the YSR multiple states and magnetic anisotropy splitting of quantum impurity spins remains poorly characterized. By using scanning tunneling microscopy, we systematically resolve individual transition-metal (Fe, Cr, and Ni) impurities induced YSR multiplets as well as their Zeeman effects in the K3C60 superconductor. The YSR multiplets show identical d orbital-like wave functions that are symmetry-mismatched to the threefold K3C60(1 1 1) host surface, breaking point-group symmetries of the spatial distribution of YSR bound states in real space. Remarkably, we identify an unprecedented fermion-parity-preserving quantum phase transition between ground states with opposite signs of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy that can be manipulated by an external magnetic field. These findings can be readily understood in terms of anisotropy splitting of quantum impurity spins, and thus elucidate the intricate interplay between the magnetic anisotropy and YSR multiplets.

[Meta-analysis of obesity on the outcome of rotator cuff repair].

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate obesity on the outcome of rotator cuff repair. METHODS: Literatures on the relationship between obesity and outcomes after rotator cuff repair were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China biology medicine(CBM), CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases from building database to August 1, 2022, and were screened independently by two authors according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Endnote X9 and Excel 2019 were used for literature extraction, management and data entry, and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate quality of the included literatures. STATA 16.0 and RevMan 5.4 softwares were used to evaluate postoperative retear rate, reoperation rate, complication rate, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), operative time and external rotation angle of shoulder joint pain were analyzed. RESULTS: Totally 13 literatures were included, including 6 retrospective studies, 5 case-control studies, 1 prospective cohort study, and 1 abstract of a study for which the full text was not available, with 85 503 patients (31 973 in obese group and 53 530 in non-obese group). Meta-analysis showed there were statistical differences between two groups in retear rate [OR=2.58, 95%CI(1.23, 5.41), P=0.01], reoperation rate[OR=1.31, 95%CI(1.21, 1.42), P<0.00], complication rate [OR=1.57, 95%CI(1.31, 1.87), P=0.00], ASES score[MD=-3.59, 95%CI(-5.45, -1.74), P=0.00], and VAS[MD=0.24, 95%CI(0.00, 0.49), P=0.05]. While there were no differences between two groups in operative time[MD=6.03, 95%CI(-7.63, 19.69), P=0.39], external rotation angle of shoulder joint[MD=-1.79, 95%CI(-5.30, 1.71), P=0.32]. CONCLUSION: Obesity is associated with higher rates of retear, resurgery, complications, poorer shoulder function and pain after rotator cuff repair.

Delamination of rotator cuff tears impairs healing after repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcomes and retear rates after rotator cuff repair (RCR) between delaminated and non-delaminated tears. METHODS: This systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, the Web of Science and Embase databases. Only articles on arthroscopic RCR with clinical outcome scores and data on the number of rotator cuff retears and complete healing were included. This study's relevant data were extracted and statistically analyzed. The methodological index for nonrandomized studies was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. After conducting a heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis to determine whether the samples were heterogeneous, the study also detected publication bias. A sub-group test was used to evaluate the influences of the imaging follow-up period on retear rates. RESULTS: Ten eligible articles were identified with 2,061 patients (925 in the delaminated group and 1,136 in the non-delaminated group). The meta-analysis demonstrated that delamination was significantly associated with higher retear rates (P = 0.026; odds ratio = 1.873, 95% confidence interval 1.079-3.252; I2 = 51.6%) with an imaging follow-up period of > 1 year and lower rates of complete healing (P = 0.036; odds ratio = 0.659, 95% confidence interval 0.446-0.973; I2 = 9.0%) in patients after rotator cuff repair. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups based on American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Constant score, visual analog scale score, external rotation, internal rotation, or forward elevation. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis found that delamination was significantly associated with higher retear rates with imaging follow-up period of > 1 year, and lower rates of complete healing. In addition, the preoperative and postoperative clinical scores and shoulder joint range of motion were similar between patients with delaminated and non-delaminated tears. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

Observation of a Folded Dirac Cone in Heavily Doped Graphene.

Superlattice potentials imposed on graphene can alter its Dirac states, enabling the realization of various quantum phases. We report the experimental observation of a replica Dirac cone at the Brillouin zone center induced by a superlattice in heavily doped graphene with Gd intercalation using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The replica Dirac cone arises from the (√3× âˆš3)R30° superlattice formed by the intervalley coupling of two nonequivalent valleys (e.g., the Kekulé-like distortion phase), accompanied by a bandgap opening. According to the findings, the replica Dirac band in Gd-intercalated graphene disappears beyond a critical temperature of 30 K and can be suppressed by potassium adsorption. The modulation of the replica Dirac band is primarily attributable to the residual frozen gas, which can act as a source of intervalley scattering at temperatures below 30 K. Our results highlight the persistence of the hidden Kekulé-like phase within the heavily doped graphene, enriching our current understanding of its replica Dirac Fermions.

Association of obesity with high retears and complication rates, and low functional scores after rotator cuff repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Obesity influences the outcomes of orthopedic surgeries such as total knee arthroplasty and spinal surgery. However, the effect of obesity on the outcomes of rotator cuff repair is unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of obesity on rotator cuff repair outcomes. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify relevant studies published from their inception till July 2022. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts using the specified criteria. Articles were included if they indicated the effect of obesity on rotator cuff repair and the related outcomes after surgery. Review Manager 5.4.1 software was used to perform statistical analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen articles involving 85,497 patients were included. Obese patients had higher retear rates than nonobese patients (odds ratio [OR] 2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-5.41, P = .01), lower American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (mean difference [MD]: -3.59, 95% CI: -5.45 to [-1.74]; P = .0001), higher visual analog scale for pain (mean difference: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.29-1.17; P = .001), higher reoperation rates (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.21-1.42, P < .00001), and higher rates of complications (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.31-1.87, P = .000). Obesity did not affect the duration of surgery (MD: 6.03, 95% CI: -7.63 to 19.69; P = .39) or external rotation of the shoulder (MD: -1.79, 95% CI: -5.30 to 1.72; P = .32). CONCLUSION: Obesity is a significant risk factor for retear and reoperation after rotator cuff repair. Furthermore, obesity increases the risk of postoperative complications and leads to lower postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores and higher shoulder visual analog scale for pain.

High-efficiency targeted transgene integration via primed micro-homologues.

Due to the difficulties in precisely manipulating DNA repair pathways, high-fidelity targeted integration of large transgenes triggered by double-strand breaks is inherently inefficient. Here, we exploit prime editors to devise a robust knock-in (KI) strategy named primed micro-homologues-assisted integration (PAINT), which utilizes reverse-transcribed single-stranded micro-homologues to boost targeted KIs in different types of cells. The improved version of PAINT, designated PAINT 3.0, maximizes editing efficiency and minimizes off-target integration, especially in dealing with scarless in-frame KIs. Using PAINT 3.0, we target a reporter transgene into housekeeping genes with editing efficiencies up to 80%, more than 10-fold higher than the traditional homology-directed repair method. Moreover, the use of PAINT 3.0 to insert a 2.5-kb transgene achieves up to 85% KI frequency at several therapeutically relevant genomic loci, suggesting its potential for clinical applications. Finally, PAINT 3.0 enables high-efficiency non-viral genome targeting in primary T cells and produces functional CAR-T cells with specific tumor-killing ability. Thus, we establish that the PAINT method is a powerful gene editing tool for large transgene integrations and may open new avenues for cell and gene therapies and genome writing technologies.

Live-cell imaging reveals redox metabolic reprogramming during zygotic genome activation.

Metabolic programming is deeply intertwined with early embryonic development including zygotic genome activation (ZGA), the polarization of zygotic cells, and cell fate commitment. It is crucial to establish a noninvasive imaging technology that spatiotemporally illuminates the cellular metabolism pathways in embryos to track developmental metabolism in situ. In this study, we used two high-quality genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors, SoNar for NADH/NAD+ and iNap1 for NADPH, to characterize the dynamic regulation of energy metabolism and redox homeostasis during early zygotic cleavage. Our imaging results showed that NADH/NAD+ levels decreased from the early to the late two-cell stage, whereas the levels of the reducing equivalent NADPH increased. Mechanistically, transcriptome profiling suggested that during the two-cell stage, zygotic cells downregulated the expression of genes involved in glucose uptake and glycolysis, and upregulated the expression of genes for pyruvate metabolism in mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation, with a decline in the expression of two peroxiredoxin genes, Prdx1 and Prdx2. Collectively, with the establishment of in situ metabolic monitoring technology, our study revealed the programming of redox metabolism during ZGA.

Life history responses of the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus to temperature change.

Temperature is a key environmental factor in ectotherms and influences many life history traits. In the present study, the nymphal development time, sex ratio and wing dimorphism of the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus were examined under the conditions of constant temperatures, naturally varying temperatures (or different generations), and different temperatures combined with different photoperiod. The results showed that from 18 to 28 °C, the developmental time of nymphs was gradually shortened with the increase of temperature, whereas the high temperatures of 30 and 32 °C in the third to fifth instar nymphal stages and high summer temperature of 28.8 and 29.7 °C significantly delayed developmental time and resulted in higher mortality of nymphs. In all treatments, the developmental time was longer in females than males. The nymphs took significantly longer time to develop in the short daylength of 12 h than in longer daylengths of 13, 14, 15 and 16. Differences in developmental time were also found between wing morph, with long-winged individuals being significantly longer than the short-winged individuals at lower temperatures and significantly shorter than the short-winged individuals at higher temperatures. In all treatments, the sex ratio was stable, approaching 1:1, without being affected by temperature, generations and photoperiod. Photoperiod and temperature had significantly influence on the wing dimorphism. Long daylength combined with different temperatures resulted in significantly higher proportions of long-winged morph, whereas the low temperatures combined with the short daylengths in autumn and winter resulted in significantly high proportion of short-winged morph. This study broadens our understanding of the life-history traits of this planthopper and provides basic data for analyzing the effects of climate change on the planthopper reproduction.

Band splitting and enhanced charge density wave modulation in Mn-implanted CsV3Sb5.

Kagome metal CsV3Sb5 has attracted unprecedented attention due to the charge density wave (CDW), Z2 topological surface states and unconventional superconductivity. However, how the paramagnetic bulk CsV3Sb5 interacts with magnetic doping is rarely explored. Here we report a Mn-doped CsV3Sb5 single crystal successfully achieved by ion implantation, which exhibits obvious band splitting and enhanced CDW modulation via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The band splitting is anisotropic and occurs in the entire Brillouin region. We observed a Dirac cone gap at the K point but it closed at 135 K ± 5 K, much higher than the bulk value of ∼94 K, suggesting enhanced CDW modulation. According to the facts of the transferred spectral weight to the Fermi level and weak antiferromagnetic order at low temperature, we ascribe the enhanced CDW to the polariton excitation and Kondo shielding effect. Our study not only offers a simple method to realize deep doping in bulk materials, but also provides an ideal platform to explore the coupling between exotic quantum states in CsV3Sb5.

Inducing itinerant ferromagnetism by manipulating van Hove singularity in epitaxial monolayer 1T-VSe2.

The itinerant ferromagnetism can be induced by a van Hove singularity (VHS) with a divergent density of states at Fermi level. Utilizing the giant magnified dielectric constant εr of SrTiO3(111) substrate with cooling, here we successfully manipulated the VHS in the epitaxial monolayer (ML) 1T-VSe2 film approaching to Fermi level via the large interfacial charge transfer, and thus induced a two-dimensional (2D) itinerant ferromagnetic state below 3.3 K. Combining the direct characterization of the VHS structure via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), together with the theoretical analysis, we ascribe the manipulation of VHS to the physical origin of the itinerant ferromagnetic state in ML 1T-VSe2. Therefore, we further demonstrated that the ferromagnetic state in the 2D system can be controlled through manipulating the VHS by engineering the film thickness or replacing the substrate. Our findings clearly evidence that the VHS can serve as an effective manipulating degree of freedom for the itinerant ferromagnetic state, expanding the application potentials of 2D magnets for the next-generation information technology.

Partial reuse of circadian clock genes along parallel clines of diapause in two moth species.

Understanding the molecular basis of repeated evolution improves our ability to predict evolution across the tree of life. Only since the last decade has high-throughput sequencing enabled comparative genome scans to thoroughly examine the repeatability of genetic changes driving repeated phenotypic evolution. The Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), and the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), are two closely related moths displaying repeatable phenological adaptation to a wide range of climates on two separate continents, largely manifesting as changes in the timing of diapause induction and termination across latitude. Candidate genes underlying diapause variation in North American ECB have been previously identified. Here, we sampled seven ACB populations across 23 degrees of latitude in China to elucidate the genetic basis of diapause variation and evolutionary mechanisms driving parallel clinal responses in the two species. Using pooled whole-genome sequencing (Pool-seq) data, population genomic analyses revealed hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) whose allele frequencies covaried with mean diapause phenotypes along the cline. Genes involved in circadian rhythm were over-represented among candidate genes with strong signatures of spatially varying selection. Only one of two circadian clock genes associated with diapause evolution in ECB showed evidence of reuse in ACB (period [per]), but per alleles were not shared between species nor with their outgroup, implicating independent mutational paths. Nonetheless, evidence of adaptive introgression was discovered at putative diapause loci located elsewhere in the genome, suggesting that de novo mutations and introgression might both underlie the repeated phenological evolution.

A multi-year dormancy strategy in a cabbage beetle population in southeastern China.

The life cycle of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi in southeastern China is complex due to four options for adult development: summer diapause, winter diapause, prolonged diapsuse, and nondiapause. However, detailed information on the multi-year emergence patterns of diapausing individuals in this beetle has not been documented. In this study, we monitored the adult emergence patterns of diapausing individuals and estimated the influence of the diapause-inducing temperature and photoperiod on the incidence of prolonged diapause under seminatural conditions for several years. The duration of diapause for adults collected from the vegetable fields in different years varied from several months to 5 years. Approximately 25.9%-29.2% of individuals showed prolonged diapause (emergence more than 1 year after entering diapause) over the 5 years of observation. Furthermore, regardless of insect age, the emergence of diapausing adults from the soil always occurred between mid-February and March in spring and between late August and mid-October in autumn, when the host plants were available. The influence of diapause-inducing temperatures (22, 25, and 28°C) combined with different photoperiods (L:D 12:12 h and L:D 14:10 h) on diapause duration was tested under seminatural conditions. Pairwise comparisons of diapause duration performed by the log-rank test revealed that the low temperature of 22°C combined with the long photoperiod of L:D 14:10 h induced the longest diapause duration, whereas the low temperature of 22°C combined with the short photoperiod of L:D 12:12 h induced the highest proportion of prolonged diapause. This study indicates that C. bowringi adopts a multi-year dormancy strategy to survive local environmental conditions and unpredictable risks.

Origin of macromolecular crowding: Analysis of recognition mechanism of dual-template molecularly imprinted polymers by in silico prediction.

Multi-template imprinting is one of the challenge for molecular imprinting since the selectivity and binding affinity for each analyte decrease significantly compared with the corresponding molecularly imprinting polymers (MIPs) against single template. In this work, molecular crowding effect was tried to remedy the problem of imprinting reduction caused by the competition of two templates. Methacrylic acid (ACR) was used as functional monomer, ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as crosslinker, and polystyrene (PS) as macromolecular crowding agent. With levofloxacin (S-OFX) as the first template, a number of compounds with varied chemical structure were chosen as the second template to investigate the imprinting effect of dual-template. When S-OFX and naproxen (S-NAP) was used as the dual-template, the imprinting factor (IF) of the resulting MIP for S-OFX was 20.1 and IF for S-NAP was 10.9. In contrast, for the single-template MIPs, IF for S-OFX was 22.4, and IF for S-NAP was 11.9. As a comparison, the IF of the DT-MIP prepared in absence of PS was only 2.3 for S-OFX and 1.0 for S-NAP. To analyze recognition mechanism of the molecular crowding-based imprinting system, molecular dynamics simulations to the chain structure of PS and binding modes between template and functional monomers was conducted by NAMD software. All the results displayed that molecular crowding is a promising method to improve the affinity of the dual-template imprinted polymer.

Weak value amplification for angular velocity measurements.

The weak-value-amplification technique has shown great importance in the measurement of tiny physical effects. Here we introduce a polarization-dependent angular velocity measurement system consisting of two Glan prisms and a true zero-order half-wave plate, where a non-Fourier-limited Gaussian pulse acts as the meter. The angular velocities measurements results agree well with theoretical predictions, and its uncertainties are bounded by the Cramér-Rao bound. We also investigate uncertainties of angular velocities for different numbers of detected photons and the smallest reliable postselection probability, which can reach ${3.42*10^{- 6}}$.

Effects of temperature on life-history traits of the newly invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in Southeast China.

In mid-May, 2019, the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda invaded Jiangxi Province, China, and caused extensive damage to corn crops. However, little attention has been given to the life-history traits of the FAW. In the present study, we systematically investigated the life-history traits of the newly invasive FAW on corn leaves at 19, 22, 25, 28, and 31°C under a photoperiod of LD 15:9 hr. The FAW thrived on the corn leaves with short developmental periods, high survival rates of larvae and pupae, very high mating success rates, and high fecundity. The pupal developmental stage was significantly longer in males than females at all temperatures, thus resulting in a protogyny phenomenon. The pupal weight was heaviest after a relatively shorter larval development stage at a higher temperature (25°C); thus, the FAW did not follow the temperature-size rule. Females were smaller than males, indicating sexual size dimorphism. A small proportion of females delayed their pre-oviposition period and began to lay eggs on the 7th to 9th day after adult emergence. There were positive relationships between pupal weight and larval developmental time and between adult weight and fecundity. There was a negative relationship between fecundity and longevity. These findings can help us to predict the population dynamics of the FAW on corn and to develop a suitable and practical management strategy.

Inheritance of key life-history traits in crosses between northern and southern populations of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

A southern population (S) from Xiushui County (29°1'N, 114°4'E) and a northern population (N) from Shenyang city (41°48'N, 123°23'E) of the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi vary greatly in their life-history traits, and may serve as an excellent model with which to study the inheritance of life-history traits. In the present study, we performed intraspecific hybridization using the two populations, comparing the key life-history traits (fecundity, development time, body weight, growth rate, and sexual size dimorphism (SDD)) between the two populations (S♀ × S♂ and N♀ × N♂) and their two hybrid populations (S♀ × N♂ and N♀ × S♂ populations) at 19, 22, 25, and 28°C. Our results showed that there were significant differences in life-history traits between the two parental populations, with the S population having a significantly higher fecundity, shorter larval development time, larger body weight, higher growth rate, and greater weight loss during metamorphosis than the N population at almost all temperatures. However, these life-history traits in the two hybrid populations were intermediate between those of their parents. The life-history traits in the S × N and N × S populations more closely resembled those of the maternal S population and N population, respectively, showing maternal effects. Weight loss for both sexes was highest in the S population, followed by the S × N, N × S, and N populations at all temperatures, suggesting that larger pupae lost more weight during metamorphosis. The changes in SSD with temperature were similar between the S and the S × N populations and between the N and the N × S populations, also suggesting a maternal effect. Overall, our results showed no drastic effect of hybridization on C. bowringi, being neither negative (hybrid inferiority) nor positive (heterosis). Rather, the phenotypes of hybrids were intermediate between the phenotypes of their parents.

Epitaxial Growth of Single-Phase 1T'-WSe2 Monolayer with Assistance of Enhanced Interface Interaction.

The WSe2 monolayer in 1T' phase is reported to be a large-gap quantum spin Hall insulator, but is thermodynamically metastable and so far the fabricated samples have always been in the mixed phase of 1T' and 2H, which has become a bottleneck for further exploration and potential applications of the nontrivial topological properties. Based on first-principle calculations in this work, it is found that the 1T' phase could be more stable than 2H phase with enhanced interface interactions. Inspired by this discovery, SrTiO3 (100) is chosen as substrate and WSe2 monolayer is successfully grown in a 100% single 1T' phase using the molecular beam epitaxial method. Combining in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, it is found that the in-plane compressive strain in the interface drives the 1T'-WSe2 into a semimetallic phase. Besides providing a new material platform for topological states, the results show that the interface interaction is a new approach to control both the structure phase stability and the topological band structures of transition metal dichalcogenides.