ABSTRACT
Obesity is a growing global health epidemic with limited effective therapeutics. Serotonin (5-HT) is one major neurotransmitter which remains an excellent target for new weight-loss therapies, but there remains a gap in knowledge on the mechanisms involved in 5-HT produced in the dorsal Raphe nucleus (DRN) and its involvement in meal initiation. Using a closed-loop optogenetic feeding paradigm, we showed that the 5-HTDRNâarcuate nucleus (ARH) circuit plays an important role in regulating meal initiation. Incorporating electrophysiology and ChannelRhodopsin-2-Assisted Circuit Mapping, we demonstrated that 5-HTDRN neurons receive inhibitory input partially from GABAergic neurons in the DRN, and the 5-HT response to GABAergic inputs can be enhanced by hunger. Additionally, deletion of the GABAA receptor subunit in 5-HT neurons inhibits meal initiation with no effect on the satiation process. Finally, we identified the instrumental role of dopaminergic inputs via dopamine receptor D2 in 5-HTDRN neurons in enhancing the response to GABA-induced feeding. Thus, our results indicate that 5-HTDRN neurons are inhibited by synergistic inhibitory actions of GABA and dopamine, which allows for the initiation of a meal.
ABSTRACT
Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are significant factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications on inflammation and fibrogenesis in MAFLD, with a focus on reporting publication trends. Our findings indicate that the USA and China are the most productive countries in the field, with the University of California San Diego being the most productive institution. Over the past 23 years, Prof. Diehl AM has published 25 articles that significantly contributed to the research community. Notably, the research focus of the field has shifted from morbid obesity and adiponectin to metabolic syndrome, genetics, and microbiome. Our study provides a comprehensive and objective summary of the historical characteristics of research on inflammation and fibrogenesis in MAFLD, which will be of interest to scientific researchers in this field.
Subject(s)
Metabolic Syndrome , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Humans , Bibliometrics , Inflammation , Adiponectin , ChinaABSTRACT
The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide, while the development of effective obesity therapies lags behind. Although new therapeutic targets to alleviate obesity are identified every day, and drug efficacy is improving, adverse side effects and increased health risks remain serious issues facing the weight-loss industry. Serotonin, also known as 5-HT, has been extensively studied in relation to appetite reduction and weight loss. As a result, dozens of upstream and downstream neural targets of 5-HT have been identified, revealing a multitude of neural circuits involved in mediating the anorexigenic effect of 5-HT. Despite the rise and fall of several 5-HT therapeutics in recent decades, the future of 5-HT as a therapeutic target for weight-loss therapy looks promising. This review focuses on the history of serotonin, the state of current central serotonin research, previous serotonergic therapies, and the future of serotonin for treating individuals with obesity.
ABSTRACT
Food additives play an important role in the food supply, and it has been a food safety topic of great concern to the public. There has been no systematic research on Chinese consumers' concerns, attitudes, feelings, or opinions on supervision and media coverage of food additives in the past decade, which is an area worth exploring. This study was carried out to deeply understand consumers' cognition of food additives and formulate food safety risk communication strategies of food additives in China. Big data of consumers' online public opinion of China on food additives from 2011 to 2020 was collected and cleaned up using Haina Network Public Opinion Monitoring System version 2.0 (HNPOMS V2.0), followed by data analysis and visual display with the Ansi Food Safety Risk Communication System version 2.0 (AFSRCS V2.0). The results showed that the types of food additives of concern to the public have changed from 2011 to 2020, but the amount of food additives has always been of concern. The type of incident that the public is most concerned about is the illegal addition or abuse of additives. The public's confidence in food production enterprises has been insufficient, but the functions of market supervision are becoming clearer and clearer, and their expectations are constantly increasing. Consumers' cognition level increases with the strengthening of publicity and popular science, but the influence of "self-media" on public cognition is increasing day by day, and there is cognitive deviation, making it easy to mislead the public. Consumers' cognition of food additives is the basis of risk communication. Combined with the research results, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions on the market and social supervision measures, network media guidance strategy and risk communication strategy of China, respectively.
