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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The accuracy of intraoral scanning techniques for complete arch implant-supported prostheses remains unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of complete arch intraoral scanning using newly modified scan bodies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A definitive cast with 6 parallel dental implants (6-246 subgroup, right first molar, right first premolar, right lateral incisor, left lateral incisor, left first premolar, and left first molar) was fabricated. By masking the implants with artificial gingiva, 2 other distinct definitive casts were obtained for 2 subgroups: the 4-24 subgroup, which included 4 implants (right first premolar, right lateral incisor, left lateral incisor, and left first premolar) and the 4-26 subgroup, which also included 4 implants (right first molar, right lateral incisor, left lateral incisor, and left first molar). Three methods were used to record implant location in these 3 subgroups: conventional impression making using the open-tray splinted technique (group CNV), intraoral scanning with the use of conventional scan bodies (group IOS-C), and intraoral scanning using newly modified scan bodies (group IOS-M). To assess accuracy, the best-fit algorithm was used, and root mean square (RMS) values were calculated. Descriptive statistics, including the median, interquartile range, and minimum and maximum values, were used to summarize the variables. Accuracy among different groups was compared, and the influence of the number of implants and the scan distance on the accuracy of group IOS-M was investigated. Appropriate methods were chosen based on the examination of normal distribution and homogeneity of variance, with 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey multiple comparison test for data normally (or log-normally) distributed and having equal variances and the Brown-Forsythe ANOVA test and Dunnett T3 multiple comparisons test for data normally (or log-normally) distributed but having unequal variances (α=.05). For data that did not follow a normal or log-normal distribution, the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn multiple comparisons test was used. RESULTS: The trueness of group IOS-M ranged from 15.5 to 37.5 µm, with a median (Q1, Q3) of 22.8 (20.3, 25.5) µm, better than that of group IOS-C (P<.001), ranging from 10.1 to 110.0 µm, with a median (Q1, Q3) of 32.1 (26.3, 47.6) µm. Although the trueness of group IOS-M was worse than group CNV (P<.001), ranging from 6.7 to 22.5 µm, with a median (Q1, Q3) of 14.9 (10.5, 17.8) µm, it was within the threshold deemed acceptable to produce clinically suitable complete arch restorations (<59 to 72 µm). The precision of group IOS-M, ranging from 7.2 to 40.8 µm, with a median (Q1, Q3) of 19.5 (16.4, 23.0) µm, was better than that of group IOS-C (P<.001), ranging from 9.8 to 86.8 µm, with a median (Q1, Q3) of 33.7 (25.2, 44.5) µm, but not as good as group CNV (P<.001), ranging from 7.0 to 34.3 µm, with a median (Q1, Q3) of 18.8 (14.3, 21.4) µm. No significant difference in accuracy was found in group IOS-M among subgroups 6-246, 4-26, and 4-24 (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: For complete arch implant scans, the modified scan body significantly improved the accuracy of intraoral scanning, with trueness <59 to 72 µm (threshold deemed acceptable to produce clinically suitable complete arch restorations). The accuracy of intraoral scanning using the modified scan bodies was not affected by the number of implants or the scan distance.
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We measure the green technology innovation efficiency of 288 cities in China from static and dynamic dimensions using the super-SBM model and Malmquist-Luenberger index, and employ "Difference in Difference" (DID) model to evaluate the impact of FTZs construction on green technology innovation efficiency using panel data from 288 prefecture-level cities from 2008 to 2020. The findings show: (1) The FTZs significantly improve green technology innovation efficiency. The decomposition indexes promote the green technology innovation efficiency more from the dynamic productivity dimension (GTFP) functioning on technological advancement. (2) The FTZs can boost the efficiency of green technology innovation through industrial agglomeration, digital economy, and government financial support; (3) The effect of FTZs on the efficiency of green technology innovation differs based on the size and location of the city. Green technology innovation will reach maximum potential when promoting FTZ policy in less developed central, western, and interior regions. This study addresses whether FTZ policies can genuinely support regional green innovation and policy insights to expand opening up and enhance high-quality economic growth.
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Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) seriously impede diabetic wound healing. The disruption or scavenging of NETs using deoxyribonuclease (DNase) or cationic nanoparticles has been limited by liberating trapped bacteria, short half-life, or potential cytotoxicity. In this study, a positive correlation between the NETs level in diabetic wound exudation and the severity of wound inflammation in diabetic patients is established. Novel NETs scavenging bio-based hydrogel microspheres 'micro-cage', termed mPDA-PEI@GelMA, is engineered by integrating methylacrylyl gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel microspheres with cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA). This unique 'micro-cage' construct is designed to non-contact scavenge of NETs between nanoparticles and the diabetic wound surface, minimizing biological toxicity and ensuring high biosafety. NETs are introduced into 'micro-cage' along with wound exudation, and cationic mPDA-PEI immobilizes them inside the 'micro-cage' through a strong binding affinity to the cfDNA web structure. The findings demonstrate that mPDA-PEI@GelMA effectively mitigates pro-inflammatory responses associated with diabetic wounds by scavenging NETs both in vivo and in vitro. This work introduces a novel nanoparticle non-contact NETs scavenging strategy to enhance diabetic wound healing processes, with potential benefits in clinical applications.
Subject(s)
Extracellular Traps , Hydrogels , Microspheres , Wound Healing , Wound Healing/drug effects , Extracellular Traps/metabolism , Extracellular Traps/drug effects , Hydrogels/chemistry , Animals , Mice , Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Indoles/chemistry , Indoles/pharmacology , Polymers/chemistry , Neutrophils/metabolism , Polyethyleneimine/chemistry , Polyethyleneimine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202412000-00027/figure1/v/2024-04-08T165401Z/r/image-tiff Thalamic hemorrhage can lead to the development of central post-stroke pain. Changes in histone acetylation levels, which are regulated by histone deacetylases, affect the excitability of neurons surrounding the hemorrhagic area. However, the regulatory mechanism of histone deacetylases in central post-stroke pain remains unclear. Here, we show that iron overload leads to an increase in histone deacetylase 2 expression in damaged ventral posterolateral nucleus neurons. Inhibiting this increase restored histone H3 acetylation in the Kcna2 promoter region of the voltage-dependent potassium (Kv) channel subunit gene in a rat model of central post-stroke pain, thereby increasing Kcna2 expression and relieving central pain. However, in the absence of nerve injury, increasing histone deacetylase 2 expression decreased Kcna2 expression, decreased Kv current, increased the excitability of neurons in the ventral posterolateral nucleus area, and led to neuropathic pain symptoms. Moreover, treatment with the iron chelator deferiprone effectively reduced iron overload in the ventral posterolateral nucleus after intracerebral hemorrhage, reversed histone deacetylase 2 upregulation and Kv1.2 downregulation, and alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity in central post-stroke pain rats. These results suggest that histone deacetylase 2 upregulation and Kv1.2 downregulation, mediated by iron overload, are important factors in central post-stroke pain pathogenesis and could serve as new targets for central post-stroke pain treatment.
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Heart failure is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates, and the search for effective treatment strategies for heart failure and the improvement of clinical outcomes have always been important research directions. Imbalanced inflammation has been proven to be one of the critical pathological factors in heart failure, positively correlated with adverse events such as impaired cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis. In recent years, studies have confirmed that the activation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome plays a common regulatory role in the inflammation imbalance induced by various factors in heart failure. Moreover, certain traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and active components can significantly inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby improving heart failure. This article first overviewed the basic information about the NLRP3 inflammasome, summarized the regulatory mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome in heart failure induced by various factors, introduced recent research progress on TCM and active components that inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome to improve heart failure, aiming to provide references for innovative drug research in the field of integrated Chinese and western medicine for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure , Inflammasomes , Humans , Inflammasomes/metabolism , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Heart Failure/drug therapy , InflammationABSTRACT
The overall picture of degloving skin and soft tissue injuries (DSTI) remains a blank space in China. Therefore, a retrospective study was designed to summarize the current situation of this injury. Patients diagnosed with DSTI hospitalized between 2013 and 2018 were identified from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System (HQMS) database, of whom demographics, injury characteristics, hospitalization and cost information were analyzed. A total of 62,709 patients were enrolled in this study. Male sex predominated, with a mean age of 43.01 ± 19.70 years. Peasants seemed to be the most vulnerable. East China and Hubei province had the most patients. The most and least frequently injured anatomic site were lower extremity and torso, respectively. Traffic-related accidents and summer accounted for the highest proportion in terms of injury mechanism and season. The operation rate of DSTI roughly showed a growing trend, and the average length of stay was 22.02 ± 29.73 days. At discharge, 0.93% of DSTI patients ended up in death. Medicine accounted mostly for hospitalization cost, while the proportion decreased year by year. More than half DSTI patients paid at their own charge. This study made a relatively detailed description of DSTI patients nationwide, and might provide enlightenments for better prevention and treatment.
Subject(s)
Inpatients , Soft Tissue Injuries , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Hospitalization , Skin , Soft Tissue Injuries/epidemiology , Soft Tissue Injuries/surgeryABSTRACT
Trauma and its associated complications, including dysregulated inflammatory responses, severe infection, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), continue to pose lethal threats worldwide. Following injury, cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), categorized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are released from dying or dead cells, triggering local and systemic inflammatory responses and coagulation abnormalities that worsen disease progression. Harnessing cfNA scavenging strategies with biomaterials has emerged as a promising approach for treating posttrauma systemic inflammation. In this study, the effectiveness of cationic hyperbranched polyaminoglycosides derived from tobramycin (HPT) and disulfide-included HPT (ss-HPT) in scavenging cfNAs to mitigate posttrauma inflammation and hypercoagulation is investigated. Both cationic polymers demonstrate the ability to suppress DAMP-induced toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and hypercoagulation by efficiently scavenging cfNAs. Additionally, HPT and ss-HPT exhibit potent antibacterial efficacy attributed to the presence of tobramycin in their chemical composition. Furthermore, HPT and ss-HPT exhibit favorable modulatory effects on inflammation and therapeutic outcomes in a cecal ligation puncture (CLP) mouse abdominal trauma model. Notably, in vivo studies reveal that ss-HPT displayed high accumulation and retention in injured organs of traumatized mice while maintaining a higher biodegradation rate in healthy mice, contrasting with findings for HPT. Thus, functionalized ss-HPT, a bioreducible polyaminoglycoside, holds promise as an effective option to enhance therapeutic outcomes for trauma patients by alleviating posttrauma inflammation and coagulation complications.
Subject(s)
Blood Coagulation , Inflammation , Humans , Mice , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Tobramycin/pharmacology , Tobramycin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objective The long-term epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Huai’an, Jiangsu were analyzed to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of HFMD. Methods The data of HFMD reports, etiological diagnosis and in Huai’an from 2009 to 2022 were described and analyzed. Results A total of 78 535 cases were reported from 2009 to 2022 , with 14-year average annual incidence rate of 114.71/100 000. Before 2020, the incidence rate of HFMD in Huai’an showed the epidemic intensity increased every other year on the whole, and the average annual incidence rate during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) (55.69/100 000) was significantly lower than that in previous years (2009-2019) (129.95/100 000). The joinpoint regression analysis showed that the best fitting model from 2009 to 2022 had no joinpoints, APC=AAPC=-1.24%. The overall trend showed a monotonously decreasing trend, but the trend was not statistically significant. The male-to-female distribution ratio was 1.53:1, and the age distribution was mainly under 5 years old, especially in scattered children. The epidemic season was from April to July. The results of etiological surveillance showed that the co-epidemic of Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) during the early stages had changed to the co-epidemic of CV-A16 and CV-A6 in the current period. Conclusion The burden of HFMD in Huai’an was large, and the epidemic intensity increased every other year was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The epidemiological features after the COVID-19 pandemic should be further monitored.
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Two methods including gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were established to detect common alkyl sulfonates and aryl sulfonates genotoxic impurities. Four alkyl sulfonates and methyl benzenesulfonate were determined by GC-MS/MS using butyl methanesulfonate as the internal standard, the chromatographic column was HP-5MS UI (30 mm × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm), the carrier gas was helium, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1 in a constant flow mode, the sample inlet temperature was set to 250 ℃, the split ratio was 10∶1, and the initial temperature of the heating program was 80 ℃, maintained for 1 minute, and then increased to 240 ℃ at a heating rate of 30 ℃·min-1 for 2 minutes. The mass spectrometry detector was an electron bombardment ion source (EI source), the data collection condition was multi reaction monitoring mode (MRM), and method validation using the raw material of clinical drug citalopram hydrobromide as a sample. The results showed that the linear range of four alkyl sulfonates and methyl benzenesulfonate were good at 3-50 ng·mL-1 and 9-150 ng·mL-1, with a correlation coefficient of r > 0.999, The spiked recovery was 80%-120%. The detection limits were 1 and 3 ng·mL-1; Ten aryl sulfonates determined by LC-MS/MS, the chromatographic column was CSH Fluoro phenyl (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm), the mobile phase was methanol (B)-5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate (D), with a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min-1, and gradient elution was performed. The gradient program (T/% B) was set as 0/20, 25/90, 35/90, 42/20. The mass spectrometer detector was electro spray ionization with positive ionization mode (ESI+), the data collection was in dynamic multi reaction monitoring mode (dMRM), and the method was validated using the raw material of the clinical drug citalopram hydrobromide as a sample. The results showed that the linear range of aryl sulfonates were good at 9-2 000 ng·mL-1, 3-100 ng·mL-1 and 0.9-30 ng·mL-1, respectively. The correlation coefficient r > 0.999, the spiked recovery was 80%-120%. The detection limits were 30, 1 and 0.3 ng·mL-1. Two detection methods did not detect potential sulfonate genotoxicity impurities in the above APIs. The established analytical methods are reliable and effective, which can provide reference for drug quality control and detection.
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This paper reports a case of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH), which was diagnosed as choriocarcinoma due to late postpartum hemorrhage 20 days after full-term vaginal delivery. The patient fully recovered after chemotherapy combined with surgical treatment, and no disease progression was observed during a one-year follow-up. Choriocarcinoma is one of the risk factors for FMH. Therefore, it is suggested that the placenta should be examined in any suspected cases of FMH. Maternal human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) level should also be monitored after delivery for early diagnosis and better prognosis of choriocarcinoma.
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Objective:To detect the expression level of tRF-31-PER8YP9LON4VD in the serum of breast cancer patients and to explore its effect on the function of breast cancer cells.Methods:The serums of 57 breast cancer patients, 39 breast benign tumor patients and 40 normal physical examination patients in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from April to August in 2022 were collected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) to detect the expression level of tRF-31-PER8YP9LON4VD in breast cancer cell lines and serum of breast cancer patients. Cell invasion assay, migration assay and CCK-8 proliferation assay were used to analyze the effect of tRF-31-PER8YP9LON4VD on breast cancer cell function. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of tRF-31-PER8YP9LON4VD in serum in breast cancer. The chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between tRF-31-PER8YP9LON4VD and clinical features.Results:The expression levels of tRF-31-PER8YP9LON4VD in breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 (0.50±0.22 vs 1.00±0.01), T-47D (0.33±0.02 vs 1.00±0.01) and MCF-7 (0.50±0.02 vs 1.00±0.01) were significantly lower than those in normal mammary epithelial cell lines (1.00±0.01), and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The expression level of tRF-31-PER8YP9LON4VD in the serum of breast cancer patients (1.35±1.25) was lower than that in the serum of patients with normal physical examination (6.42±3.13) and patients with benign breast tumors (9.57±2.11), and the difference was statistically significant (both P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the invasiveness of overexpressing tRF-31-PER8YP9LON4VD T-47D (86.67±12.22 vs 532.00±22.68, P<0.001) and MDA-MB-231 (535.33±99.12 vs 1 055.67±24.00, P=0.002) was weaker, and that of T-47D (442.67±81.79 vs 1 210.67±115.02, P=0.002) and MDA-MB-231 (278.67±108.40 vs 571.33±95.37, P=0.015) had weaker migration ability, and T-47D and MDA-MB-231 had weaker proliferative ability (all P<0.05). The area under the curve of serum tRF-31-PER8YP9LON4VD for the diagnostic efficacy of breast cancer was 0.743 (95% CI 0.644-0.842), and the sensitivity and specificity were 89.50% and 53.10%, respectively. Conclusion:tRF-31-PER8YP9LON4VD is low expressed in the serum of breast cancer patients, and it may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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Jiming Powder is a traditional ancient prescription with good therapeutic effect in the treatment of heart failure, but its mechanism lacks further exploration. In this study, a mouse model of coronary artery ligation was used to evaluate the effect and mechanism of Jiming Powder on myocardial fibrosis in mice with myocardial infarction. The study constructed a mouse model of heart failure after myocardial infarction using the method of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. The efficacy of Jiming Powder was evaluated from multiple angles, including ultrasound imaging, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, Masson staining, Sirius Red staining, and serum myocardial enzyme spectrum detection. Western blot analysis was performed to detect key proteins involved in ventricular remodeling, including transforming growth factor-ß1(TGF-ß1), α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 3a(Wnt3a), ß-catenin, matrix metallopeptidase 2(MMP2), matrix metallopeptidase 3(MMP3), TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1(TIMP1), and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2(TIMP2). The results showed that compared with the model group, the high and low-dose Jiming Powder significantly reduced the left ventricular internal diameter in systole(LVID;s) and diastole(LVID;d), increased the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS), effectively improved cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction, and effectively reduced the levels of myocardial injury markers such as creatine kinase(CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), thus protecting ischemic myocardium. HE staining showed that Jiming Powder could attenuate myocardial inflammatory cell infiltration after myocardial infarction. Masson and Sirius Red staining demonstrated that Jiming Powder effectively inhibited myocardial fibrosis, reduced the collagen â /â ¢ ratio in myocardial tissues, and improved collagen remodeling after myocardial infarction. Western blot results showed that Jiming Powder reduced the expression of TGF-ß1, α-SMA, Wnt3a, and ß-catenin, decreased the levels of MMP2, MMP3, and TIMP2, and increased the level of TIMP1, suggesting its role in inhibiting cardiac fibroblast transformation, reducing extracellular matrix metabolism in myocardial cells, and lowering collagen â and α-SMA content, thus exerting an anti-myocardial fibrosis effect after myocardial infarction. This study revealed the role of Jiming Powder in improving ventricular remodeling and treating myocardial infarction, laying the foundation for further research on the pharmacological effect of Jiming Powder.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure , Myocardial Infarction , Mice , Animals , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism , beta Catenin/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/therapeutic use , Powders , Ventricular Remodeling , Stroke Volume , Ventricular Function, Left , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Myocardium/pathology , Heart Failure/metabolism , Collagen/metabolism , Creatine Kinase , FibrosisABSTRACT
The protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family is a group of thioredoxin endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident enzymes and molecular chaperones that play crucial roles in the correct folding of proteins. PDIs are upregulated in multiple cancer types and are considered a novel target for cancer therapy. In this study, we found that a potent pan-PDI inhibitor, E64FC26, significantly decreased the proliferation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. As expected, E64FC26 treatment increased ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), as evidenced by upregulation of glucose-regulated protein, 78-kDa (GRP78), phosphorylated (p)-PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), and p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). Persistent ER stress was found to lead to apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy, all of which are dependent on lysosomal functions. First, there was little cleaved caspase-3 in E64FC26-treated cells according to Western blotting, but a higher dose of E64FC26 was needed to induce caspase activity. Then, E64FC26-induced cell death could be reversed by adding the iron chelator, deferoxamine, and the reactive oxygen species scavengers, ferrostatin-1 and N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, the autophagosome-specific marker, light chain 3B (LC3B)-II, increased, but the autolysosome marker, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1)/p62, was not degraded in E64FC26-treated cells. Using the FUW mCherry-LC3 plasmid and acridine orange staining, we also discovered a lower number of acidic vesicles, such as autolysosomes and mature lysosomes, in E64FC26-treated cells. Finally, E64FC26 treatment increased the cathepsin L precursor (pre-CTSL) but decreased mature CTSL expression according to Western blotting, indicating a defective lysosome. These results suggested that the PDI inhibitor, E64FC26, might initially impede proper folding of proteins, and then induce ER stress and disrupt proteostasis, subsequently leading to lysosomal defects. Due to defective lysosomes, the extents of apoptosis and ferroptosis were limited, and fusion with autophagosomes was blocked in E64FC26-treated cells. Blockade of autolysosomal formation further led to the autophagic cell death of PDAC cells.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Humans , Protein Disulfide-Isomerases , Proteostasis , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , Apoptosis , Autophagy , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy , Pancreatic NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Sepsis is one of the most severe complications and causes of mortality in the clinic. It remains a great challenge with no effective treatment for clinicians worldwide. Inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines during sepsis is considered as an important strategy for treating sepsis and improving survival. In the present study, we have observed the effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced sepsis and investigated the possible mechanism. By screening a subset of the Johns Hopkins Drug Library, we identified DMF as a novel inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, suggesting that DMF could be a potential drug to treat sepsis. To further characterize the effect of DMF on LPS signaling, TNF-α, MCP-1, G-CMF, and IL-6 expression levels were determined by using cytokine array panels. In addition, an endotoxemia model with C57BL/6 mice was used to assess the in vivo efficacy of DMF on sepsis. The survival rate was assessed, and HE staining was performed to investigate histopathological damage to the organs. DMF was found to increase the survival of septic mice by 50% and attenuate organ damage, consistent with the reduction in IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α (inflammatory cytokines) in serum. In vitro experiments revealed DMF's inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of p65, IκB, and IKK, suggesting that the primary inhibitory effects of DMF can be attributed, at least in part, to the inhibition of phosphorylation of IκBα, IKK as well as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) upon LPS stimulation. The findings demonstrate that DMF dramatically inhibits NO and proinflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS and improves survival in septic mice, raising the possibility that DMF has the potential to be repurposed as a new treatment of sepsis.
Subject(s)
NF-kappa B , Sepsis , Mice , Animals , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity , Dimethyl Fumarate/pharmacology , Dimethyl Fumarate/therapeutic use , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Sepsis/chemically induced , Sepsis/drug therapy , Sepsis/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolismABSTRACT
In this study, untargeted metabolomics was conducted using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) technique to analyze the potential biomarkers in the plasma of mice with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF) induced by a high-fat diet(HFD) and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor(Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, L-NAME) and explore the pharmacological effects and mechanism of Jiming Powder in improving HFpEF. Male C57BL/6N mice aged eight weeks were randomly assigned to a control group, a model group, an empagliflozin(10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) group, and high-and low-dose Jiming Powder(14.3 and 7.15 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) groups. Mice in the control group were fed on a low-fat diet, and mice in the model group and groups with drug intervention were fed on a high-fat diet. All mice had free access to water, with water in the model group and Jiming Powder groups being supplemented with L-NAME(0.5 g·L~(-1)). Drugs were administered on the first day of modeling, and 15 weeks later, blood pressure and cardiac function of the mice in each group were measured. Heart tissues were collected for hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining to observe pathological changes and Masson's staining to observe myocardial collagen deposition. Untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on the plasma collected from mice in each group, and metabolic pathway analysis was conducted using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. The results showed that the blood pressure was significantly lower and the myocardial concentric hypertrophy and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were significantly improved in both the high-dose and low-dose Jiming Powder groups as compared with those in the model group. HE and Masson staining showed that both high-dose and low-dose Jiming Powder significantly alleviated myocardial fibrosis. In the metabolomics experiment, 23 potential biomarkers were identified and eight strongly correlated metabolic pathways were enriched, including linoleic acid metabolism, histidine metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, purine metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. The study confirmed the pharmacological effects of Jiming Powder in lowering blood pressure and ameliorating HFpEF and revealed the mechanism of Jiming Powder using the metabolomics technique, providing experimental evidence for the clinical application of Jiming Powder in treating HFpEF and a new perspective for advancing and developing TCM therapy for HFpEF.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure , Male , Mice , Animals , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Heart Failure/metabolism , Powders , Stroke Volume/physiology , Chromatography, Liquid , NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/therapeutic use , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Metabolomics , Biomarkers , WaterABSTRACT
The highly positively charged and intrinsically disordered H1 C-terminal domain (CTD) undergoes extensive condensation upon binding to nucleosomes, and stabilizes nucleosomes and higher-order chromatin structures but its interactions in chromatin are not well defined. Using single-molecule FRET we found that about half of the H1 CTDs in H1-nucleosome complexes exhibit well-defined FRET values indicative of distinct, static conformations, while the remainder of the population exhibits exchange between multiple defined FRET structures. Moreover, crosslinking studies indicate that the first 30 residues of the H1 CTD participate in relatively localized contacts with the first â¼25 bp of linker DNA, and that two separate regions in the CTD contribute to H1-dependent organization of linker DNA. Finally, we show that acetylation mimetics within the histone H3 tail markedly reduce the overall extent of H1 CTD condensation and significantly increase the fraction of H1 CTDs undergoing dynamic exchange between FRET states. Our results indicate the nucleosome-bound H1 CTD adopts loosely defined structures that exhibit significantly enhanced dynamics and decondensation upon epigenetic acetylation within the H3 tail.
Subject(s)
Histones , Nucleosomes , Histones/genetics , Histone Code , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , ChromatinABSTRACT
Six-generation (6G) networks will contain a higher density of users, base stations, and communication equipment, which poses a significant challenge to secure communications and collaborations due to the complex network and environment as well as the number of resource-constraint devices used. Trust evaluation is the basis for secure communications and collaborations, providing an access criterion for interconnecting different nodes. Without a trust evaluation mechanism, the risk of cyberattacks on 6G networks will be greatly increased, which will eventually lead to the failure of network collaboration. For the sake of performing a comprehensive evaluation of nodes, this paper proposes a novel multiple role fusion trust evaluation framework that integrates multiple role fusion trust calculation and blockchain-based trust management. In order to take advantage of fused trust values for trust prediction, a neural network fitting method is utilized in the paper. This work further optimizes the traditional trust management framework and utilizes the optimized model for node trust prediction to better increase the security of communication systems. The results show that multiple role fusion has better stability than a single role evaluation network and better performance in anomaly detection and evaluation accuracy.
ABSTRACT
X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a female-specific process in which one X chromosome is silenced to balance X-linked gene expression between the sexes. XCI is initiated in early development by upregulation of the lncRNA Xist on the future inactive X (Xi). A subset of X-linked genes escape silencing and thus have higher expression in females, suggesting female-specific functions. One of these genes is the highly conserved gene Kdm6a , which encodes a histone demethylase that removes methyl groups at H3K27 to facilitate gene expression. Here, we investigate the role of KDM6A in the regulation of Xist . We observed impaired upregulation of Xist during early stages of differentiation in hybrid mouse ES cells following CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of Kdm6a . This is associated with reduced Xist RNA coating of the Xi, suggesting diminished XCI potency. Indeed, Kdm6a knockout results in aberrant overexpression of genes from the Xi after differentiation. KDM6A binds to the Xist promoter and knockout cells show an increase in H3K27me3 at Xist . These results indicate that KDM6A plays a role in the initiation of XCI through histone demethylase-dependent activation of Xist during early differentiation.
ABSTRACT
Background: The number and escape levels of genes that escape X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female somatic cells vary among tissues and cell types, potentially contributing to specific sex differences. Here we investigate the role of CTCF, a master chromatin conformation regulator, in regulating escape from XCI. CTCF binding profiles and epigenetic features were systematically examined at constitutive and facultative escape genes using mouse allelic systems to distinguish the inactive X (Xi) and active X (Xa) chromosomes. Results: We found that escape genes are located inside domains flanked by convergent arrays of CTCF binding sites, consistent with the formation of loops. In addition, strong and divergent CTCF binding sites often located at the boundaries between escape genes and adjacent neighbors subject to XCI would help insulate domains. Facultative escapees show clear differences in CTCF binding dependent on their XCI status in specific cell types/tissues. Concordantly, deletion but not inversion of a CTCF binding site at the boundary between the facultative escape gene Car5b and its silent neighbor Siah1b resulted in loss of Car5b escape. Reduced CTCF binding and enrichment of a repressive mark over Car5b in cells with a boundary deletion indicated loss of looping and insulation. In mutant lines in which either the Xi-specific compact structure or its H3K27me3 enrichment was disrupted, escape genes showed an increase in gene expression and associated active marks, supporting the roles of the 3D Xi structure and heterochromatic marks in constraining levels of escape. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that escape from XCI is modulated both by looping and insulation of chromatin via convergent arrays of CTCF binding sites and by compaction and epigenetic features of the surrounding heterochromatin.
ABSTRACT
Cell migration and proliferation are conducive to wound healing; however, regulating cell proliferation remains challenging, and excessive proliferation is an important cause of scar hyperplasia. Here, we aimed to explore how a subvacuum environment promotes wound epithelisation without affecting scar hyperplasia. Human immortalized keratinocyte cells and human skin fibroblasts were cultured under subvacuum conditions (1/10 atmospheric pressure), and changes in cell proliferation and migration, target protein content, calcium influx, and cytoskeleton and membrane fluidity were observed. Mechanical calcium (Ca2+ ) channel blockers were used to prevent Ca2+ influx for reverse validation. A rat wound model was used to elucidate the mechanism of the subvacuum dressing in promoting healing. The subvacuum environment was observed to promote cell migration without affecting cell proliferation; intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT1, p-AKT 1 levels increased significantly. The cytoskeleton was depolymerized, pseudopodia were reduced or absent, and membrane fluidity increased. The use of Ca2+ channel blockers weakened or eliminated these changes. Animal experiments confirmed these phenomena and demonstrated that subvacuum dressings can effectively promote wound epithelisation. Our study demonstrates that the use of subvacuum dressings can enhance cell migration without affecting cell proliferation, promote wound healing, and decrease the probability of scar hyperplasia.