Spatial patterns of the leaf crown borer Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Castiniidae) in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) tropical region.

The leaf crown borer Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) is an important pest of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and other palms (Arecaceae) of economic importance, attacking the base of leaves, inflorescences, and infructescences, increasing fruit abortion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial correlation of the infestation rate of E. cyparissias in coconut plantation blocks in the Brazilian Amazon, from January to December 2019, in the city of Santa Izabel, Pará, Brazil. The study area is a farm subdivided into 157 blocks of a commercial plantation of the green dwarf coconut. The Local Moran's Index was used to evaluate the existence of spatial autocorrelation of the E. cyparissias infestation rate in the 157 blocks with neighboring blocks. The infestation rate was calculated by the ratio between the number of plants attacked by the borer and the total number of plants in a block. There is a significant correlation of the symptomatology of the attack by E. cyparissias in the blocks of the experimental area, which indicates an aggregated pattern of distribution. There is no significant correlation between the attack by the borer and the age of the coconut tree; however there is a significant correlation between the attack by the borer and proximity to forest areas. These results indicate that forest regions are foci of infestation by the borer in coconut plantations.

Spatial patterns of the leaf crown borer Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Castiniidae) in coconut (Cocos nucifera L) tropical region / Padrões espaciais da broca da coroa da folha Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Castiniidae) em coco (Cocos nucifera L) região tropical

The leaf crown borer Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) is an important pest of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and other palms (Arecaceae) of economic importance, attacking the base of leaves, inflorescences, and infructescences, increasing fruit abortion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial correlation of the infestation rate of E. cyparissias in coconut plantation blocks in the Brazilian Amazon, from January to December 2019, in the city of Santa Izabel, Pará, Brazil. The study area is a farm subdivided into 157 blocks of a commercial plantation of the green dwarf coconut. The Local Moran's Index was used to evaluate the existence of spatial autocorrelation of the E. cyparissias infestation rate in the 157 blocks with neighboring blocks. The infestation rate was calculated by the ratio between the number of plants attacked by the borer and the total number of plants in a block. There is a significant correlation of the symptomatology of the attack by E. cyparissias in the blocks of the experimental area, which indicates an aggregated pattern of distribution. There is no significant correlation between the attack by the borer and the age of the coconut tree; however there is a significant correlation between the attack by the borer and proximity to forest areas. These results indicate that forest regions are foci of infestation by the borer in coconut plantations.

A broca-da-coroa-foliar Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) é um importante praga para as culturas do coqueiro (Cocos nucifera Linnaeus) e outras palmeiras (Areacaceae) de importância econômica, atacando a base de folhas, inflorescências e infrutescências acarretando o aumento do abortamento de frutos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a distribuição espacial da taxa de plantas com sintomas de ataque por E. cyparissias das quadras de plantio de coqueiro na Amazônia brasileira, de janeiro a dezembro de 2019, no município de Santa Izabel, Pará, Brasil. A área de estudo é uma fazenda subdividida em 157 quadras de plantio comercial de coqueiro anão verde (C. nucifera). O Índice de Moran Local foi utilizado para avaliar a existência de autocorrelação espacial da variável sintomatologia do ataque de E. cyparissias das 157 quadras com as quadras vizinhas. Há correlação significativa da sintomatologia do ataque por E. cyparissias nas quadras da área experimental, o que indica um padrão de distribuição agregado. Não há correlação significativa entre o ataque pela broca e idade do coqueiro, no entanto há correlação significativa entre o ataque pela broca e proximidade a áreas de mata. Esses resultados indicam que regiões de floresta são focos de infestação pela broca em plantios de coqueiro.

Onfalite associada a pneumonia embólica em neonatos caninos / Omphalitis associated with embolic pneumonia in canine neonates

não hemorrágica, mucosa oral cianótica e dispneia intensa 48 horas após o nascimento. Apesar dos cuidados de suporte, os filhotes morreram e foram submetidos à necropsia. Na avaliação anatomopatológica, foi diagnosticada onfalite bacteriana supurativa em todos os animais, caracterizada macroscopicamente por aumento de volume em região umbilical, e, microscopicamente, por infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico e necrose, associado a numerosas colônias bacterianas intralesionais. Pneumonia intersticial multifocal a coalescente com necrose alveolar e grande quantidade de colônias bacterianas intralesionais foi diagnosticada em todos os filhotes, morfologia típica de pneumonia embólica. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae e Klebsiella ozaenae e Bacillus cereus foram isolados dos fragmentos pulmonares. Este caso demonstra a associação entre onfalite e pneumonia. Falhas nos cuidados neonatais podem ocasionar infecção bacteriana generalizada e elevada mortalidade. A antissepssia do umbigo deve ser realizada logo após o nascimento a fim de reduzir os casos de onfalite e consequentemente a mortalidade neonatal.

Four canine neonates, that were born in poor hygiene condition, presented prostration, nonhemorrhagic diarrhea, cyanotic oral mucous membranes, and intense dyspnea 48 hours after the birth. Despite supportive care, the animals died and were necropsied. Anatomopathological examination revealed suppurative bacterial omphalitis in all animals, macroscopically characterized by umbilicus enlargement and, microscopically, by neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate and necrosis, associated with intralesional bacterial colonies. Multifocal to coalescent interstitial pneumonia with alveolar necrosis and numerous intralesional bacterial colonies was diagnosed in all neonates, morphologically suggestive of embolic pneumonia. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella ozaenae and Bacillus cereus, were isolated from lung tissue samples. This case demonstrates the association between omphalitis and pneumonia. Inappropriate neonatal care can predispose neonates to generalized bacterial infection and death. Therefore, umbilical cord treatment should be performed immediately after birth to reduce neonatal mortality.

Onfalite associada a pneumonia embólica em neonatos caninos / Omphalitis associated with embolic pneumonia in canine neonates

não hemorrágica, mucosa oral cianótica e dispneia intensa 48 horas após o nascimento. Apesar dos cuidados de suporte, os filhotes morreram e foram submetidos à necropsia. Na avaliação anatomopatológica, foi diagnosticada onfalite bacteriana supurativa em todos os animais, caracterizada macroscopicamente por aumento de volume em região umbilical, e, microscopicamente, por infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico e necrose, associado a numerosas colônias bacterianas intralesionais. Pneumonia intersticial multifocal a coalescente com necrose alveolar e grande quantidade de colônias bacterianas intralesionais foi diagnosticada em todos os filhotes, morfologia típica de pneumonia embólica. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae e Klebsiella ozaenae e Bacillus cereus foram isolados dos fragmentos pulmonares. Este caso demonstra a associação entre onfalite e pneumonia. Falhas nos cuidados neonatais podem ocasionar infecção bacteriana generalizada e elevada mortalidade. A antissepssia do umbigo deve ser realizada logo após o nascimento a fim de reduzir os casos de onfalite e consequentemente a mortalidade neonatal.(AU)

Four canine neonates, that were born in poor hygiene condition, presented prostration, nonhemorrhagic diarrhea, cyanotic oral mucous membranes, and intense dyspnea 48 hours after the birth. Despite supportive care, the animals died and were necropsied. Anatomopathological examination revealed suppurative bacterial omphalitis in all animals, macroscopically characterized by umbilicus enlargement and, microscopically, by neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate and necrosis, associated with intralesional bacterial colonies. Multifocal to coalescent interstitial pneumonia with alveolar necrosis and numerous intralesional bacterial colonies was diagnosed in all neonates, morphologically suggestive of embolic pneumonia. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella ozaenae and Bacillus cereus, were isolated from lung tissue samples. This case demonstrates the association between omphalitis and pneumonia. Inappropriate neonatal care can predispose neonates to generalized bacterial infection and death. Therefore, umbilical cord treatment should be performed immediately after birth to reduce neonatal mortality.(AU)

Grazing criteria for perennial peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) consumed by sheep in rotational stocking / Critérios de pastejo para amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) consumido por ovelhas em sistema rotacionado

The objective of work was to study the productive profile of perennial peanut in a rotational stocking environment under different criteria. The treatments corresponded to pre-grazing height of 14 and 18cm or 95% of light interception (LI) distributed in a completely randomized design. The studied variables were forage mass, percentage of structural components, forage mass and the structural components in the lower and upper canopy strata. The entrance criterion of 18cm in height, despite having higher forage mass, presented lower percentage of leaves and higher percentage of stems and forage losses. The criteria of 14cm and 95% light interception presented similar production between them and the highest rate of forage accumulation. In all criteria, in the upper strata of pasture a higher percentage of leaves were found. The criteria of 95% LI and 14cm in height presented the best productive performances. The entry criterion of 18cm presented a higher mass of pre-grazing forage with lower percentage of dead material, but with higher forage losses, resulting from senescent leaves. Due to changes in the structural components, as grazing cycles increase, the interception of 95% of the incident light by the perennial peanut occurs at lower heights.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o perfil produtivo do amendoim forrageiro em um ambiente rotacionado, sob diferentes critérios. Os tratamentos corresponderam à altura de pré-pastejo de 14 e 18cm ou 95% de intercepção de luz (LI), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. As variáveis estudadas foram massa forrageira, porcentagem de componentes estruturais, densidade da massa forrageira e densidade dos componentes estruturais nos estratos do dossel inferior e superior. O critério de entrada de 18cm de altura, apesar de ter maior massa forrageira, apresentou menor porcentagem de folhas e maior porcentagem de hastes e perdas de forragem. Os critérios de interceptação de luz de 14cm e 95% apresentaram produção similar entre eles e a maior taxa de acumulação de forragem. Em todos os critérios, no estrato superior de pastagem, foi encontrada maior porcentagem de folhas. Os critérios de 95% LI e 14cm de altura apresentaram os melhores desempenhos produtivos. O critério de entrada de 18cm apresentou maior massa de forragem pré-pastagem com menor porcentagem de material morto, mas com maiores perdas de forragem, resultantes de folhas senescentes. Devido às mudanças nos componentes estruturais, à medida que os ciclos de pastagem aumentam, a intercepção de 95% da luz incidente pelo amendoim forrageiro ocorre em alturas mais baixas.(AU)

Grazing criteria for perennial peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) consumed by sheep in rotational stocking / Critérios de pastejo para amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) consumido por ovelhas em sistema rotacionado

The objective of work was to study the productive profile of perennial peanut in a rotational stocking environment under different criteria. The treatments corresponded to pre-grazing height of 14 and 18cm or 95% of light interception (LI) distributed in a completely randomized design. The studied variables were forage mass, percentage of structural components, forage mass and the structural components in the lower and upper canopy strata. The entrance criterion of 18cm in height, despite having higher forage mass, presented lower percentage of leaves and higher percentage of stems and forage losses. The criteria of 14cm and 95% light interception presented similar production between them and the highest rate of forage accumulation. In all criteria, in the upper strata of pasture a higher percentage of leaves were found. The criteria of 95% LI and 14cm in height presented the best productive performances. The entry criterion of 18cm presented a higher mass of pre-grazing forage with lower percentage of dead material, but with higher forage losses, resulting from senescent leaves. Due to changes in the structural components, as grazing cycles increase, the interception of 95% of the incident light by the perennial peanut occurs at lower heights.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o perfil produtivo do amendoim forrageiro em um ambiente rotacionado, sob diferentes critérios. Os tratamentos corresponderam à altura de pré-pastejo de 14 e 18cm ou 95% de intercepção de luz (LI), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. As variáveis estudadas foram massa forrageira, porcentagem de componentes estruturais, densidade da massa forrageira e densidade dos componentes estruturais nos estratos do dossel inferior e superior. O critério de entrada de 18cm de altura, apesar de ter maior massa forrageira, apresentou menor porcentagem de folhas e maior porcentagem de hastes e perdas de forragem. Os critérios de interceptação de luz de 14cm e 95% apresentaram produção similar entre eles e a maior taxa de acumulação de forragem. Em todos os critérios, no estrato superior de pastagem, foi encontrada maior porcentagem de folhas. Os critérios de 95% LI e 14cm de altura apresentaram os melhores desempenhos produtivos. O critério de entrada de 18cm apresentou maior massa de forragem pré-pastagem com menor porcentagem de material morto, mas com maiores perdas de forragem, resultantes de folhas senescentes. Devido às mudanças nos componentes estruturais, à medida que os ciclos de pastagem aumentam, a intercepção de 95% da luz incidente pelo amendoim forrageiro ocorre em alturas mais baixas.(AU)

Descripción demográfica, clínica y anatomopatológica de las microcirugías de laringe: estudio retrospectivo en el Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires / Demographic, clinical, and anatomopathological description of larynx microsurgeries: Retrospective study at Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires / Descrição demográfica, clínica e anatomopatológica das microcirurgias de laringe: estudo retrospectivo no Hospital Britânico de Buenos Aires

Objetivo: la microcirugía laríngea es un procedimiento terapéutico en lesiones benignas de laringe, diagnóstico en pacientes con disfonías de evolución variable y en casos de sospecha de malignidad. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características de los pacientes intervenidos por microcirugía laríngea y las lesiones observadas en un servicio de otorrinolaringología en Argentina. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo. Se realizó la revisión de protocolos quirúrgicos, historias clínicas, videoestroboscopias computarizadas y documentos de anatomía patológica. Análisis univariado descriptivo con utilización de la t de Student o la Chi- cuadrado, según las características de las variables (p <0.005 para significancia estadística). Resultados: el sexo masculino fue el más intervenido, con una edad media de 51.2 ± 6.6 años. El antecedente de tabaquismo fue el más frecuente. Las principales lesiones macroscópicas fueron premalignas y malignas, pólipos y quistes. En la anatomía patológica se encontraron pólipos, carcinomas y quistes. En ambos sexos la lesión más frecuente fue el pólipo (33% vs. 45%, p =0.03). En pacientes con antecedente de tabaquismo la lesión más común fue pólipo, en ambos géneros, en menores de 60 años (46% vs. 30%, p =0.02), mientras en mayores de 60 años fue el carcinoma (33% vs. 15%, p <0.001). Conclusiones: en población masculina en sexta década de la vida se encontró principalmente presencia de pólipos, quistes y carcinomas. En pacientes de este género, con antecedente de tabaquismo, se describe mayor presencia de carcinomas.

Objective: Laryngeal microsurgery is a procedure indicated in benign laryngeal lesions; it is also a diagnostic tool in patients with dysphonia or in cases where malignancy is suspected. Methodology: Retrospective study in which clinical records, surgical protocols, videoestroboscopies, and pathology documents of patients under laryngeal microsurgery between 2011 and 2016 were reviewed. Univariate analysis was performed using Chi squared test (p <0.05). Results: Mean age was 51.2 ± 6.6 years, males were the most frequently intervened. Smoking was the most common comorbidity. The main macroscopic lesions observed were premalignant and malignant, polyps and cysts; in the pathology, polyps, carcinomas, and cysts were found. Polyps were the most frequent lesions found in both genders (33% vs 45%, p = 0.03). In patients with a smoking comorbidity, polyps were the most common lesion in both women and men (46% vs. 30%, p = 0.02). A greater presence of carcinomas was described in males over 60 with a history of smoking (33% vs 15%, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Polyps, cysts, and carcinomas were mainly found in males over 60. A greater presence of carcinomas was described in male patients with a history of smoking.

Objetivo: a microcirurgia laríngea é um procedimento terapêutico em lesões benignas de laringe, diagnóstico em pacientes com disfonias de evolução variável e em casos de suspeita de malignidade. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as características dos pacientes intervindos por microcirurgia laríngea e as lesões observadas num serviço de otorrinolaringologia na Argentina. Metodologia: estudo retrospectivo. Se realizou a revisão de protocolos cirúrgicos, histórias clínicas, videoestroboscopias computorizadas e documentos de anatomia patológica. Análise univariado descritivo com utilização da t de Student ou a Chi- quadrado, segundo as características das variáveis (p <0.005 para significância estatística). Resultados: o sexo masculino foi o mais intervindo, com uma idade média de 51.2 ± 6.6 anos. O antecedente de tabaquismo foi o mais frequente. As principais lesões macroscópicas foram pré-malignas e malignas, pólipos e quistos. Na anatomia patológica se encontraram pólipos, carcinomas e quistos. Em ambos sexos a lesão mais frequente foi o pólipo (33% vs. 45%, p =0.03). Em pacientes com antecedente de tabaquismo a lesão mais comum foi pólipo, em ambos gêneros, em menores de 60 anos (46% vs. 30%, p =0.02), enquanto em maiores de 60 anos foi o carcinoma (33% vs. 15%, p <0.001). Conclusões: na população masculina na sexta década da vida se encontrou principalmente presença de pólipos, quistos e carcinomas. Em pacientes deste gênero, com antecedente de tabaquismo, se descreve maior presença de carcinomas.

High frequency of genital carriers of Leptospira sp. in sheep slaughtered in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil.

Although some studies in sheep have indicated leptospire colonization of the genital tract, further studies are needed to clarify the role of genital carriers in this species. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the colonization of pathogenic leptospires in the genital and urinary tract of slaughtered sheep. Fifty-seven adult, female woolless sheep destined for slaughter were used. Renal (n = 57), bladder (n = 57), ovary (n = 34), uterine tube (n = 44), and uterus (n = 33) samples were collected for molecular detection of Leptospira sp. DNA, and blood samples (n = 57) for serological testing. The molecular testing was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the serological testing was performed using microscopic serum agglutination test (MAT). Samples with amplifying DNA were subjected to genetic sequencing. In total, leptospiral DNA was found in the tissues of 44 (77.2%) sheep, whereas only nine animals were positive on both PCR and MAT; there was slight agreement between PCR and MAT techniques (k = 0.0268; p = 0.684). In 61 (54.9%) genital tract and in five (4.4%) urinary tract samples, the leptospiral DNA was detected, with significant difference (p < 0.001). The genes of one sample from the uterine tube and another from the bladder were sequenced and demonstrated 99% similarity to Leptospira interrogans. Anti-Leptospira antibodies were detected in 11 (19.3%) of the tested animals. The results reinforce the importance of the genital tract as an extra-renal site of colonization, suggesting the possibility of venereal transmission in sheep.

Rat visceral yolk sac cells: viability and expression of cell markers during maternal diabetes.

The function of the visceral yolk sac (VYS) is critical for embryo organogenesis until final fetal development in rats, and can be affected by conditions such as diabetes. In view of the importance of diabetes during pregnancy for maternal and neonatal health, the objective of this study was to assess fetal weight, VYS cell markers, and viability in female Wistar rats (200-250 g) with induced diabetes (alloxan, 37 mg/kg) on the 8th gestational day (gd 8). At gd 15, rats from control (n=5) and diabetic (n=5) groups were anesthetized and laparotomized to remove the uterine horns for weighing of fetuses and collecting the VYS. Flow cytometry was used for characterizing VYS cells, and for determining mitochondrial activity, cell proliferation, DNA ploidy, cell cycle phases, and caspase-3 activity. Fetal weight was reduced in the diabetic group. Expression of the cell markers CD34, VEGFR1, CD115, CD117, CD14, CCR2, CD90, CD44, STRO-1, OCT3/4, and Nanog was detected in VYS cells in both groups. In the diabetic group, significantly decreased expression of CD34 (P<0.05), CCR2 (P<0.001), and OCT3/4 (P<0.01), and significantly increased expression of CD90 (P<0.05), CD117 (P<0.01), and CD14 (P<0.05) were observed. VYS cells with inactive mitochondria, activated caspase-3, and low proliferation were present in the rats with diabetes. Severe hyperglycemia caused by maternal diabetes had negative effects on pregnancy, VYS cell viability, and the expression of cell markers.

Short term inhalation toxicity of a liquid aerosol of glutaraldehyde-coated CdS/Cd(OH)2 core shell quantum dots in rats.

Quantum dots exhibit extraordinary optical and mechanical properties, and the number of their applications is increasing. In order to investigate a possible effect of coating on the inhalation toxicity of previously tested non-coated CdS/Cd(OH)2 quantum dots and translocation of these very small particles from the lungs, rats were exposed to coated quantum dots or CdCl2 aerosol (since Cd(2+) was present as impurity), 6h/d for 5 consecutive days. Cd content was determined in organs and excreta after the end of exposure and three weeks thereafter. Toxicity was determined by examination of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and microscopic evaluation of the entire respiratory tract. There was no evidence for translocation of particles from the respiratory tract. Evidence of a minimal inflammatory process was observed by examination of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Microscopically, minimal to mild epithelial alteration was seen in the larynx. The effects observed with coated quantum dots, non-coated quantum dots and CdCl2 were comparable, indicating that quantum dots elicited no significant effects beyond the toxicity of the Cd(2+) ion itself. Compared to other compounds with larger particle size tested at similarly low concentrations, quantum dots caused much less pronounced toxicological effects. Therefore, the present data show that small particle sizes with corresponding high surfaces are not the only factor triggering the toxic response or translocation.

Antibiose e não preferência para oviposição de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) por cultivares de Vigna unguiculata (L. ) Walp / Antibiosis and non-preference for oviposition of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of cultivars of Vigna unguiculata (L. ) Walp

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar cultivares de caupi resistentes a B. tabaci biótipo B e os respectivos tipos de resistência envolvidos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Fitossanidade da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, no período de novembro de 2009 a abril de 2010. Realizaramse testes de não preferência para oviposição e antibiose. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados para o teste com chance de escolha e inteiramente casualizado para os testes sem chance de escolha e teste de antibiose. Conclui-se que os cultivares BRS Urubuquara, IPA-206 e BR17 Gurgueia apresentaram resistência do tipo não preferência para oviposição da mosca-branca; a cultivar BRS Urubuquara apresenta resistência de tipo antibiose; a cultivar Sempre Verde é suscetível; e, mosca-branca prefere ovipositar na posição superior das plantas.

The objective of this study was to identify cowpea cultivars resistant to B. tabaci biotype B and the respective resistance types involved. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Departamento de Fitossanidade da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, from November 2009 to April 2010. Tests for non-preference for oviposition and antibiosis were performed. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks for the choice test and completely randomized for the no-choice tests and the antibiosis test. It was concluded that the BRS Urubuquara, IPA-206 and BR17 Gurgueia cultivars present non-preference for whitefly oviposition resistance; the BRS Urubuquara cultivar presents nonpreference and antibiosis resistance; the Sempre Verde cultivate is susceptible to oviposition; and the whitefly prefers to deposit eggs on the leaves’ abaxial face in the upper position of the plant.

Antibiose e não preferência para oviposição de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) por cultivares de Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

The objective of this study was to identify cowpea cultivars resistant to B. tabaci biotype B and the respective resistance types involved. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Departamento de Fitossanidade da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, from November 2009 to April 2010. Tests for non-preference for oviposition and antibiosis were performed. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks for the choice test and completely randomized for the no-choice tests and the antibiosis test. It was concluded that the BRS Urubuquara, IPA-206 and BR17 Gurgueia cultivars present non-preference for whitefly oviposition resistance; the BRS Urubuquara cultivar presents non-preference and antibiosis resistance; the Sempre Verde cultivate is susceptible to oviposition; and the whitefly prefers to deposit eggs on the leaves' abaxial face in the upper position of the plant.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar cultivares de caupi resistentes a B. tabaci biótipo B e os respectivos tipos de resistência envolvidos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Fitossanidade da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, no período de novembro de 2009 a abril de 2010. Realizaram-se testes de não preferência para oviposição e antibiose. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados para o teste com chance de escolha e inteiramente casualizado para os testes sem chance de escolha e teste de antibiose. Conclui-se que os cultivares BRS Urubuquara, IPA-206 e BR17 Gurgueia apresentaram resistência do tipo não preferência para oviposição da mosca-branca; a cultivar BRS Urubuquara apresenta resistência de tipo antibiose; a cultivar Sempre Verde é suscetível; e, mosca-branca prefere ovipositar na posição superior das plantas.

Antibiose e não preferência para oviposição de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) por cultivares de Vigna unguiculata (L. ) Walp / Antibiosis and non-preference for oviposition of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of cultivars of Vigna unguiculata (L. ) Walp

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar cultivares de caupi resistentes a B. tabaci biótipo B e os respectivos tipos de resistência envolvidos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Fitossanidade da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, no período de novembro de 2009 a abril de 2010. Realizaramse testes de não preferência para oviposição e antibiose. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados para o teste com chance de escolha e inteiramente casualizado para os testes sem chance de escolha e teste de antibiose. Conclui-se que os cultivares BRS Urubuquara, IPA-206 e BR17 Gurgueia apresentaram resistência do tipo não preferência para oviposição da mosca-branca; a cultivar BRS Urubuquara apresenta resistência de tipo antibiose; a cultivar Sempre Verde é suscetível; e, mosca-branca prefere ovipositar na posição superior das plantas. (AU)

The objective of this study was to identify cowpea cultivars resistant to B. tabaci biotype B and the respective resistance types involved. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Departamento de Fitossanidade da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, from November 2009 to April 2010. Tests for non-preference for oviposition and antibiosis were performed. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks for the choice test and completely randomized for the no-choice tests and the antibiosis test. It was concluded that the BRS Urubuquara, IPA-206 and BR17 Gurgueia cultivars present non-preference for whitefly oviposition resistance; the BRS Urubuquara cultivar presents nonpreference and antibiosis resistance; the Sempre Verde cultivate is susceptible to oviposition; and the whitefly prefers to deposit eggs on the leaves abaxial face in the upper position of the plant. (AU)

Uso de pinças ópticas para avaliação do potencial zeta de hemácias em EDTA, CPD-SAGM e estocadas / Use of optical tweezers for evaluation of szeta potential of red blood cells in EDTA, CPD-SAGM and stored in blood banks

A hemácia é carregada negativamente, principalmente devido ao ácido siálico que gera um potencial elétrico denominado Potencial Zeta que impede a aglutinação intravascular. Os testes de hemaglutinação na rotina transfusional, necessitam de substâncias potencializadoras, das quais muitas agem diminuindo o Potencial Zeta para se ter maior sensibilidade. Através da pinça óptica, ferramenta capaz de capturar células utilizando a luz, foi proposta uma metodologia para quantificar o potencial zeta e aplicar em hemácias coletadas com EDTA e estocadas em CPD-SAGM (visando avaliar alterações de cargas da membrana relacionadas a lesões de armazenamento. Os potenciais zeta em CPD-CAGM foram superiores (-14,8 mV) aos em EDTA (-7,9 mV) e decrescentes a partir do primeiro dia de armazenamento, estabilizando-se a partir da terceira semana com potencial zeta -7,6 mV. Hemácias com CPD-SAGM apresentaram potencial zeta maior, pois possivelmente este conservante evitou lesões mais significativas da membrana que poderiam alterar as cargas. A redução do potencial zeta no armazenamento pode ser consequência de enzimas liberadas de leucócitos lisados que tenham alterado as glicoforinas da membrana. A metodologia permitiu avaliar o potencial zeta em diferentes condições e poderá contribuir na padronização de técnicas de hemaglutinação com diferentes meios potencializadores e no melhor conhecimento das lesões de estocagem para fins transfusionais.

Studying taxis in real time using optical tweezers: applications for Leishmania amazonensis parasites.

Beads trapped by an optical tweezers can be used as a force transducer for measuring forces of the same order of magnitude as typical forces induced by flagellar motion. We used an optical tweezers to study chemotaxis by observing the force response of a flagellated microorganism when placed in a gradient of attractive chemical substances. This report shows such observations for Leishmania amazonensis, responsible for leishmaniasis, a serious disease. We quantified the movement of this protozoan for different gradients of glucose. We were able to observe both the strength and the directionality of the force. The characterization of the chemotaxis of these parasites can help to understand the mechanics of infection and improve the treatments employed for this disease. This methodology can be used to quantitatively study the taxis of any kind of flagellated microorganisms under concentration gradients of different chemical substances, or even other types of variable gradients such as temperature and pressure.

Elemental distribution mapping on breast tissue samples.

The main of this work is to determine the elemental and absorption distribution map in breast tissue samples by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray transmission microtomography. The experiments were performed at the X-ray fluorescence beamline (D09B-XRF) in the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS), Campinas, Brazil. A quasi-monochromatic beam produced by a multilayer monochromator was used as an incident beam. The sample was placed on a high precision goniometer and translation stages that allow rotating as well as translating it perpendicularly to the beam. The fluorescence photons were collected with an energy dispersive HPGe detector placed at 90 degrees to the incident beam, while transmitted photons were detected with a fast Na(Tl) scintillation counter () placed behind the sample on the beam direction. All the tomographic images were reconstructed using a filtered-back projection algorithm. In the breast tissue samples, it was possible to determine the distribution of Zn, Cu and Fe in healthy tissue and tumor.

Gestación cuádruple espontánea: un desafío para el equipo multidisciplinario en un servicio de salud / Spontaneous quadruplet pregnancy

Damos a conocer un caso de gestación cuádruple espontánea, el manejo y su resolución.

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal bilateral adrenal carcinoma.

Fetal malignancies that are capable of metastasizing to other fetal organs and the placenta are exceedingly rare. Fetal tumors are suspected on ultrasonography in the presence of structures of abnormal shape or size that are occasionally associated with polyhydramnios and hydrops. Most of the large abdominal masses detected antenatally are renal in origin, although adrenal tumors should also be kept in mind in their differential diagnosis. We report a case of a large-for-gestational-age fetus with abdominal distention secondary to bilateral adrenal carcinoma, polyhydramnios and placental enlargement. Postmortem histological findings included nesidioblastosis, (i.e. hyperplasia of the cells of the islets of Langerhans) and adrenocortical cytomegaly, suggestive of a form of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

Core-shell CdS/Cd(OH)2 quantum dots: synthesis and bioconjugation to target red cells antigens.

We report a new and efficient methodology of labelling red blood cells, in order to investigate the expression of anti-A antigen, employing luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals. Highly luminescent and stable core-shell cadmium sulphide/cadmium hydroxide [CdS/CdS(OH)2] colloidal particles were obtained in the nanometre size range. The surface of these particles was characterized by using a monoclonal anti-A antibody via a one-step glutaraldehyde cross-linking procedure, followed by conjugation of the particles to red cells of blood groups A+, and O+. Laser scanning confocal microscopy images indicated that after conjugation for 30 min, A+ and erythrocytes presented different patterns of dual bright emission whereas the O+ group cells showed no emission. We suggest that this labelling procedure may be applied as a quantitative tool to investigate the distribution and expression of alloantigen in red blood cells.

Arousal and differential Fos expression in histaminergic neurons of the ascending arousal system during a feeding-related motivated behaviour.

Arousal depends on the concerted activity of the ascending arousal system (AAS) but specific stimuli may primarily activate some nuclei of this system. Motivated behaviours are characterized by behavioural arousal, although it is not known which AAS nuclei are active during a motivated behaviour. To address this issue, rats were rendered motivated for food by fasting them for 1 day and then were enticed with food that they could not obtain for varying periods of time. We studied the level of arousal by polysomnography or radiotelemetry, and Fos-ir in the AAS, during food enticing. We found a strong arousal and an early increase in Fos-ir in the histaminergic neurons from the tuberomammillary nucleus, after 30 min of enticing, followed by increased Fos-ir in the whole AAS if food enticing was prolonged to 1 or 2 hours. In contrast, food presentation to non-motivated rats did not increase arousal or Fos-ir in the tuberomammillary nucleus. As opposed to the active arousal of the motivated rats, passive arousal induced by sensory stimulation was associated with increased Fos-ir in the locus coeruleus and the orexin neurons, but not with increased Fos-ir in the tuberomammillary nucleus or in the other nuclei of the AAS. We conclude that the arousal during feeding-related motivated behaviour is associated primarily with the activation of the tuberomammillary nucleus, while the other arousal-related nuclei become active later on.