ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This article highlights one health system's response to the market influx of biosimilars with the establishment of a process for formulary review and selection of preferred agents and support for therapeutic interchanges. SUMMARY: Through assessment of available literature, insurance payor coverage, and manufacturer-anticipated approvals of biosimilars, a strategic stance was developed to guide biosimilar order preparation, review, adoption, and implementation. The electronic medical record (EMR) is prepared for biosimilar implementation at least 6 to 12 months ahead of anticipated formulary review. The review includes assessment of a class (reference product and available biosimilars) after at least 2 biosimilars become available. Key health-system departments and clinicians are enlisted to support review of clinical, safety, and economic implications. Implementation of a preferred product relies on standard education, formulary availability, and staff awareness to address any perceived patient safety concerns and gather provider support. The standard steps developed now apply to all future biosimilar reviews, adoption plans, and ongoing monitoring. Barriers evaluated include changes in payor coverage and challenges in preparation of the EMR for future biosimilars, meeting precertification team education needs, and providing operational support for pharmacy inventory. CONCLUSION: To date, use of 5 preferred biosimilar products has led to significant cost savings to the institution, and the process has been endorsed by providers. The institution's successes can be attributed to clear communication with stakeholders and the development of a deliberate process, led by a multidisciplinary leadership team, for managing formulary, safety, and operational barriers in a thoughtful and systematic manner.
Subject(s)
Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical Services , Pharmacies , Pharmacy , Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals/therapeutic use , Cost Savings , HumansSubject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/drug therapy , Hemophilia A/drug therapy , Immunotherapy/adverse effects , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Nivolumab/therapeutic use , Rituximab/therapeutic use , Aged , Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Factor VIII/therapeutic use , Hemophilia A/etiology , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/complications , Male , Neoplasm Metastasis , Nivolumab/adverse effects , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study basal and ACTH stimulated levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione (A4), and cortisol (F) in healthy girls during prepuberty. PATIENTS: Six prepubertal girls, ages 3.7-10.9 years. STUDY DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: The six girls underwent a physical examination and an acute ACTH stimulation test on a yearly basis. Serum DHEA, DHEAS, A4, and F at 0 min (Steroid0) and 60 min (Steroid60) after 0.25 mg ACTH1-24 i.v., and the net increment (delta Steroid60-0) were calculated. RESULTS: DHEAS0, DHEAS60, DHEA0, DHEA60 and A40 were positively correlated to chronological age. DHEAS0 and DHEAS60 levels rose gradually beginning at 6.1-7.0 years of chronological age, and were found to be significantly different at 9.1-10.0 years and 10.1-11.0 years of age, compared to the median values obtained at < or =6.0 years of age. There was a tendency for DHEA0, DHEA60, and A40 to increase beginning at 9.1-10.0 years of age. Net increment values of all hormones did not change throughout the study. CONCLUSION: An increase in the circulating level of DHEAS appears to be the first event observed during adrenarche, prior to clinical evidence of the process.
