ABSTRACT
Hydatidosis is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus, leading to the formation of cysts on involved organs. Cardiac involvement is rare and can cause a wide range of complications secondary to rupture, embolization, or compression. Its diagnosis is challenging, and is generally confirmed through data related to clinical manifestations, environmental exposure, and laboratory and imaging exams. Surgical removal is necessary in most cases, in which an association with antiparasite therapy is recommended. The present article describes a case of a cardiac hydatid cyst associated with a complete atrioventricular block (AVB) in a young adult patient, with the need for a pacemaker implant, an atypical presentation, and scarce reports in the literature.
A hidatidose é uma zoonose causada pelo Echinococcus granulosus, levando à formação de cistos nos órgãos acometidos. O envolvimento cardíaco é raro e pode causar diversas complicações secundárias à ruptura, embolização ou compressão. Seu diagnóstico é desafiador, sendo confirmado por meio de dados relacionados a manifestações clínicas, exposição ambiental, exames laboratoriais e de imagem. A ressecção cirúrgica é necessária na maioria dos casos, sendo indicada a associação com terapia antiparasitária. No presente artigo, descreve-se um caso de cisto hidático cardíaco associado a bloqueio atrioventricular total em paciente jovem, com necessidade de implante de marcapasso, uma apresentação atípica e pouco relatada na literatura.
Subject(s)
Atrioventricular Block , Echinococcosis , Young Adult , Humans , Atrioventricular Block/diagnostic imaging , Atrioventricular Block/etiology , Atrioventricular Block/therapy , Echinococcosis/complications , Echinococcosis/diagnostic imaging , Diagnostic Imaging , HeartABSTRACT
Resumo A hidatidose é uma zoonose causada pelo Echinococcus granulosus, levando à formação de cistos nos órgãos acometidos. O envolvimento cardíaco é raro e pode causar diversas complicações secundárias à ruptura, embolização ou compressão. Seu diagnóstico é desafiador, sendo confirmado por meio de dados relacionados a manifestações clínicas, exposição ambiental, exames laboratoriais e de imagem. A ressecção cirúrgica é necessária na maioria dos casos, sendo indicada a associação com terapia antiparasitária. No presente artigo, descreve-se um caso de cisto hidático cardíaco associado a bloqueio atrioventricular total em paciente jovem, com necessidade de implante de marcapasso, uma apresentação atípica e pouco relatada na literatura.
Abstract Hydatidosis is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus, leading to the formation of cysts on involved organs. Cardiac involvement is rare and can cause a wide range of complications secondary to rupture, embolization, or compression. Its diagnosis is challenging, and is generally confirmed through data related to clinical manifestations, environmental exposure, and laboratory and imaging exams. Surgical removal is necessary in most cases, in which an association with antiparasite therapy is recommended. The present article describes a case of a cardiac hydatid cyst associated with a complete atrioventricular block (AVB) in a young adult patient, with the need for a pacemaker implant, an atypical presentation, and scarce reports in the literature.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: According to the Global Diabetes Plan, a unified health system with preventive and educational strategies is essential to proper diabetes care and primary settings should be the main site of care. In Brazil, there is limited access to outpatient hospital diabetes services, while primary-care diabetes support is underutilized. Telemedicine can be a useful adjunct to support discharge of stable patients with type 2 diabetes to the primary care setting. In this paper, we present a randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocol designed to evaluate the effects of telehealth support for stable type 2 diabetes patients discharged from hospital outpatient diabetes clinics. METHODS: We designed a RCT. Patients with stable type 2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin < 8%) considered eligible for discharge from specialized to primary care will be included. Those with uncontrolled ischemic heart disease, severe neuropathy, and stage IV/V nephropathy will be excluded. Enrolled patients will be randomized into two groups: follow-up supported by periodic phone calls by a nurse (intervention group) plus primary care or routine primary care only (control group). The intervention group will receive regular telephone calls (every three months for one year) and will have a toll-free number to call in case of questions about disease management. The main outcome measure is a comparison of glycemic control between groups (assessed by glycated hemoglobin) at one-year follow-up. DISCUSSION: We plan to evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes followed by primary care teams. Telemedicine can be an important adjunct in type 2 diabetes management, improving patient education and knowledge about the disease. Furthermore, it can help the healthcare system by alleviating overload in specialized care settings and supporting the stewardship role of primary care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials, NCT02768480 . Registered on 29 April 2016.