Integration of OMICS Technologies for Crop Improvement.

Sustainable crop improvement can help to feed the exploding human population in an era of shrinking cultivable lands and dwindling water resources. In this scenario, crop improvement using OMICS technologies may help to ensure food security and alleviate the rural poverty in poor countries. Additionally, the improved crops may help to cope with the problem of malnutrition in the different parts of the world, especially Africa. OMICS technologies are based on the knowledge gained through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, interactomics and phenomics. This expert review article congregates recent knowledge of the emerging OMICS technologies and evaluates how their integrated application is improving important crops and the potential of these technologies in bringing a revolution in agriculture. Moreover, we have provided an analysis of various technical challenges and difficulties arising during application of OMICS technologies to crop plants which pose major restrictions to the implementation of these strategies.

Microbial lipase production: A deep insight into the recent advances of lipase production and purification techniques.

Importance of enzymes is ever-rising particularly microbial lipases holding great industrial worth owing to their potential to catalyze a diverse array of chemical reactions in aqueous as well as nonaqueous settings. International lipase market is anticipated to cross USD 797.7 million till 2025, rising at a 6.2% compound annual growth rate from 2017 to 2025. The recent breakthrough in the field of lipase research is the generation of new and upgraded versions of lipases via molecular strategies. For example, integration of rational enzyme design and directed enzyme evolution to attain desired properties in lipases. Normally, purification of lipase with significant purity is achieved through a multistep procedure. Such multiple step approach of lipase purification entails both conventional and novel techniques. The present review attempts to provide an overview of different aspects of lipase production including fermentation techniques, factors affecting lipase production, and purification strategies, with the aim to assist researchers to pick a suitable technique for the production and purification of lipase.