Patterns of richness of freshwater mollusks from Chile: predictions of its distribution based on null models.

The freshwater mussels from Chile are characterized by a high percentage of endemism and a fragmented latitudinal diversity, which has been attributed to the features and geomorphological history sculpted by the hydrographic basins. In this work, a set of hypothesis under a macroecological approach is addressed, with the aim to explore environmental, topographic and hydrological factors that define the latitudinal distribution of this mussel group. In order to achieve this goal, Rapoport's rule, geometrics limits and co-ocurrence were evaluated. In addition, we analyze the source and sink hypotheses through the nested analysis. We observed a noticeable mid-domain effect (MDE), where a major richness than expected was randomly observed between 40 and 41°S. The results revealed that the distribution pattern was not concordant with Rapoport's rule (r = 0.123; p = 0.128). Regarding to historical dynamic of the distribution, the results show a significant nestedness pattern, suggesting a source-sink dynamic, that is, poorer communities are a subset of richer communities in species. According to the co-occurrence analysis, an aggregate pattern existed, suggesting potential regulatory mechanisms. The specific richness pattern is explained by the variable seasonality of the temperature with a variance percentage explained of 35%. The full model indicated that variables which characterize the heterogeneity of habitat (i.e. range, Shannon), water availability (i.e., precipitation, density of water bodies) and topography (i.e., altitude area available) jointly explain 40% of the variability of the observed richness. This study shows that the geographical distribution of mollusc richness is mainly explained by mainly climatic and topographical environmental components, as well as by the source-sink dynamics.

Construcción de un indicador líder compuesto para el Maule / Construction of a composite leading indicator for Maule

En términos generales, la investigación tiene como objetivo crear un indicador económico para el Maule que permita anticiparse al devenir de su ciclo económico, en consideración de sus principales actividades productivas. En específico, se pretende someter a pruebas estadísticas de significancia y validez a las principales series económicas de la región, de manera tal de seleccionar, por un lado, una serie de referencia de la actividad económica y, por otro, las series componentes del indicador. La metodología utilizada es aquella aplicada por la Nacional Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) en la creación de este tipo de indicadores para los países integrantes de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE). Como resultado de la investigación se logra seleccionar y validar empíricamente como serie de referencia para el Maule, al Índice de Actividad Económica Regional (INACER), y a las siguientes series componentes del indicador; ocupados, cesantes, buscan trabajo por primera vez, inactivos, edificación aprobada total obras nuevas y total de exportaciones. Con tales series, se construye un indicador predictivo del comportamiento económico para la región, denominado Índice Líder Compuesto para el Maule (ILCM).

Overall, the research aims to create an economic indicator for the Maule that allows anticipate the evolution of the economic cycle, in consideration of its main productive activities. Specifically, it aims to test statistical significance and validity to the main economic series in the region, so as to select the one hand, a number of reference of economic activity and other components series indicator. The methodology used is that applied by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) in the creation of this type of indicators for the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). As a result of the research is done select and validate empirically as reference series for the Maule, the Regional Economic Activity Index (INACER), and the following components of the indicator series; employed, unemployed, seeking work for the first time, inactive, all new approved building works Total exports. With such series, a predictive indicator of economic performance for the region, called for the Maule Composite Index (ILCM) Leader is built.

EMBO workshop al fin del mundo: a meeting on membrane trafficking and its implication for polarity and diseases.

The EMBO worskhop at the "end of the world'" (al fin del mundo), a meeting on membrane trafficking and its implication for polarity and diseases, took place in the Chilean Patagonia surrounded by the landscapes once witnessed by Charles Darwin. The meeting showcased some of the best membrane trafficking science with an emphasis in neuroscience and disease models. Speakers from Europe, USA, South America and the graduate students behind it; embarked on an enthusiastic and eclectic dialog where a wide range of cell types, model genetic systems, and diseases where discussed. This meeting demonstrated the power of trafficking concepts to integrate diverse biology and to formulate mechanisms of normal and disease cells.

Rentabilidad del trabajo en Chile: análisis de la evolución de los retornos por nivel educativo / Performance of the work in Chile: analysis of the evolution of returns by education level

La presente investigación tiene como propósito realizar un análisis econométrico de la rentabilidad del trabajo calificado en Chile, tanto a nivel general como para sus distintos niveles formativos, con especial referencia en el nivel de educación superior. El análisis de los datos se efectuó considerando la clásica ecuación de ingresos de Mincer, adaptada a través del método spline para determinar las rentabilidades de cada nivel formativo. Se trabaja con datos de panel de corte transversal incluyendo los años 1992, 2000, 2009 y 2011, obtenidos de la Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN). Los resultados destacan que el nivel de educación superior en Chile es el sector más rentable de los distintos niveles educativos, considerando todos los años estudiados.

This research deals with the econometric analysis of the profitability of qualified Chile, both as to its various educational levels generally, with special reference to higher education level work. As a methodology, classical Mincer earnings equation, adapted through the spline method for determining the profitability of each training level is used. Working with panel data from cross section for the years 1992, 2000, 2009 and 2011, obtained from the Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN). As resulting emphasize that higher education in Chile is the most profitable of the different educational levels for all years studied.

Estudio empírico del trabajo calificado en Chile: productividad y remuneraciones / Empirical study in qualified work in Chile: Productivity and remunerations

EL OBJETIVO del estudio es contrastar las hipótesis más recurrentes en la literatura económica respecto de la productividad y las remuneraciones del trabajo calificado en Chile. Para ello se analiza y evalúa la relación de largo plazo entre las variables productividad y remuneraciones para el trabajo calificado, utilizando series de tiempo que comprenden el período 1990-2009. Los resultados dan cuenta de la estacionariedad de los residuos, lo que implica que las variables no están cointegradas. Por lo que se puede concluir que no existe evidencia empírica, para el caso de Chile, de relaciones de largo plazo entre las variables estudiadas, aunque se observa un aumento significativo de la brecha de ingresos entre los trabajadores cualificados y los que no lo son.

THE OBJECTIVE of the study is to compare the most frequent hypothesis in economic literature on productivity and wages of skilled labor in Chile. This is analyzed and evaluated the long-term relationship between the variables productivity and wages for skilled labor, using time series comprising 1990-2009. The results show stationarity of waste, which means that the variables are not cointegrated. As can be concluded that there is no empirical evidence for the case of Chile, for long-term relationships between the variables studied, although a significant increase in the income gap between skilled workers and those that are not observed.

Relationships between burnout and role ambiguity, role conflict and employee absenteeism among health workers / Burnout y su relación con la ambigüedad de rol, conflicto de rol y absentismo laboral en trabajadores de la salud

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la influencia de algunos factores de riesgo psicosociales en el desarrollo del burnout y analizar la influencia de este fenómeno en el absentismo laboral. La muestra la integraron 142 trabajadores de la salud. El análisis de los datos se efectuó considerando estadística descriptiva y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados confirman la influencia de la ambigüedad y del conflicto de rol sobre el Burnout [F (2.139) = 26.720; p < .001] y no se valida la influencia de éste sobre el absentismo laboral. No obstante, se evidencia una relación significativa y positiva entre la dimensión desgate psíquico y absentismo laboral (beta = 0.197; p< .05). Se concluye que el conflicto de rol es el predictor más intenso del componente emocional del burnout (desgaste psíquico; beta = 0.585; p < .001). Se evidencia que un esfuerzo emocional sostenido pudiese favorecer el absentismo laboral.

The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of some psychosocial risk factors in the development of burnout and to analyze the influence of this phenomenon on employee absenteeism. The study sample included 142 health care workers. The data analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models. The results confirmed the influence of role ambiguity and role conflict on burnout [F (2.139) = 26.720; p < .001], but the influence of burnout on employee absenteeism was not confirmed. However, a significant and positive relationship has been shown between burnout and employee absenteeism (beta = 0.197; p < .05). In conclusion, the findings of this study support the claims that role conflict is a more intense predictor of the emotional component of burnout (burnout; beta = 0.585; p < .001). Additionally, there is evidence that prolonged emotional strain could encourage employee absenteeism.

Validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services (MBI-HSS) en profesionales chilenos / Factorial Validity of Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services (MBI-HSS) in Chilean Professionals

Este estudio explora la validez factorial de una adaptación al castellano del Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) en una muestra de 957 profesionales de servicios chilenos de diferentes unidades laborales. Se investigó la fiabilidad del MBI y su estructura factorial. Tanto los análisis factoriales exploratorios como los confirmatorios indican que el modelo original de tres factores del MBI muestra un buen ajuste a los datos, al igual que el valor del error de aproximación cuadrático medio (RMSEA, por sus siglas en inglés), aunque los ítems 12, 13, 14, 20 y 21 presentaron un comportamiento inadecuado en la matriz factorial resultante, por lo que se eliminaron. La consistencia interna de las dimensiones del inventario fue aceptable, aunque Despersonalización fue relativamente baja. A la luz de los resultados obtenidos, el cuestionario se puede considerar válido y fiable en la versión adaptada al español.

The present study tested the factorial validity of an adjustment to the Spanish language of the Maslach Burnout Inventory in a sample of 957 professionals of Chilean services of different labour units. The reliability and factor structure of the MBI were investigated. Exploratory and confirmatory factors analysis indicated that the original three-factor model of the MBI fit well with both the data and the Root Mean Standar Error of Aproximation (RMSEA) value, although the items 12, 13, 14, 20 and 21 presented an inadequate behavior in the original factorial resultant, so they were eliminated. The internal consistency of the dimensions of the inventory was acceptable, although the Depersonalization subscale was relatively low. So far, the results obtained show that the questionnaire appears to be valid and reliable in the version adapted to the Spanish language.

Estudios sobre burnout y carga mental en conductores del transporte público de Chile (Transantiago) / Studies on burnout and mental workload in drivers of public transportation in chile (Transantiago)

Objetivo: Conocer los niveles de Burnout y Carga mental en una muestra de conductores del transporte público de Chile (Transantiago), y la posible relación entre estas variables. Material y Métodos: La muestra del estudio la componen 112 conductores de transporte público de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el CESQT y el NASA-TLX (Task Load Index). Los análisis descriptivos y correlacionales se realizaron mediante el programa SPSS 22. Resultados: Confirmaron la hipótesis, Burnout se correlaciona con Carga mental, pues los niveles del síndrome se asociaron positiva y significativamente. Todas las subescalas presentaron valores de consistencia interna superiores a 0,70. La prevalencia del Burnout fue del 23,22% para el Perfil 1 y un 6,25% para el nivel clínico (Perfil 2) (Gil-Monte, 2005). Conclusiones: Los niveles de Burnout en la muestra recabada, de acuerdo a la literatura internacional, es alto, y se confirma la importancia de estos fenómenos en la salud mental de los conductores del transporte público de Santiago de Chile.

Objective: Knowing Burnout levels and mental workload in a sample of drivers of public transportation in Chile (Transantiago), and the possible relationship between these variables. Material and Methods: The study sample comprised 112 public transportation drivers in the city of Santiago de Chile. The instruments used were the CESQT and NASA TLX (Task Load Index). Descriptive and correlational analyzes were performed using the SPSS 22 program. Results: The results confirmed the hypothesis, Burnout correlates with mental workload, as levels of the syndrome were associated positively and significantly. All subscales had internal consistency values higher than 0,70. Burnout prevalence was 23,22% for Profile 1 and 6,25% for the clinical level (Profile 2) (Gil-Monte, 2005). Conclusions: Burnout levels in the sample collected, according to the international literature, are high, and the importance of these phenomena on the mental health of drivers of public transport is confirmed in Santiago, Chile.

Optimización en el manejo de reproductores para una mayor producción de huevos y larvas de psetta maxima (Linneaus, 1758) / Optimization of broodstock management to increase the production of eggs and larvae of psetta maxima (Linneaus, 1758) (Turbot)

Las óptimas condiciones de cultivo en el manejo de reproductores de Psetta maxima permiten obtener una mejor cantidad y calidad de huevos así como larvas viables con una mayor producción. Para evaluar las óptimas condiciones se utilizaron ejemplares mantenidos en condiciones de cultivo acondicionados desde los 3 hasta los 24 meses de vida, para así llegar a conformar un stock de reproductores. Al final de la experiencia, los huevos en los estanques experimentales se presentaron circulares y transparentes, al igual que las larvas recién eclosionadas que se hallaban rectas y muy bien pigmentadas, signos de buena calidad de huevos y larvas. Los cambios en la relación macho-hembra y densidad, fueron las variables a evaluar, llegando a obtener resultados satisfactorios por periodo productivo de las hembras y una mejor calidad y cantidad de huevos y larvas viables, en un periodo de cuatro años. Las mortalidades de reproductores en el periodo desove y post-desove bajaron significativamente. Estadísticamente no existe una diferencia significativa entre los estanques experimentales y controles. Desde el tercer año, la producción de huevos y larvas en los estanques experimentales mostró un incremento cercano al 90 por ciento en huevos y a un 60 por ciento en larvas. En los dos últimos años el porcentaje de larvas cosechadas en estos estanques, mostró un incremento del 7 por ciento al 12 por ciento en larvas sembradas y una disminución del 9 por ciento al 13 por ciento en larvas eliminadas, principalmente en el estanque 4.

The optimal culture conditions in broodstock management of Psetta maxima allow obtaining better quantity and quality of eggs and viable larvae, increasing the production. In order to evaluate the optimal conditions the specimens kept under culture conditions were used, in a period of 3-24 months of life, thus forming a broodstock stock. At the end of the experiment, the eggs in the experimental tanks resulted circular and transparent, as well as newly hatched larvae that were straight and well pigmented, signs of a good quality of eggs and larvae. Changes in the male-female and density ratio were the assessed variables, reaching satisfactory results per productive period of females and better quality and quantity of eggs and viable larvae during the period of four years. The mortality rate of broodstock in spawning and post-spawning period decreased significantly. Statistically there were no significant difference between experimental and control tanks. From the third year, egg and larvae production in experimental tanks showed an increase of about 90 percent for eggs, and 60 percent for larvae. In the last two years the percentage of harvested larvae in these tanks showed an increase of 7 percent to 12 percent for sown larvae and a decrease of 9 percent to 13 percent for eliminated larvae, mostly in tank 4.

Efecto de la Temperatura en la Supervivencia Embrionaria y Primeros Estadios Larvales de Psetta maxima / Temperature Effect on Embryonic Survival and Early Larval Stages of Psetta maxima

La tasa de mortalidad en las etapas embrionarias y larvales de los peces marinos se asocia al éxito de un cultivo y es necesario optimizar los procedimientos de este a nivel de desarrollo embrionario y primeros estadios larvales para una óptima supervivencia larval y una mejor producción de juveniles. Para evaluar el efecto de la temperatura en la supervivencia embrionaria y larvaria del turbot, los huevos fecundados de dos reproductores se trasladaron a estanques cónicos de incubación a tres diferentes temperaturas (12,5; 15,5 y 18,5C). Los huevos que se encontraban a temperaturas extremas (12,5 y 18,5C) tuvieron un menor desarrollo embriológico, con un porcentaje de mortalidad diaria significativamente mayor en los tres primeros días y al término de la incubación, especialmente durante la eclosión de los huevos (supervivencia del 10%), y sin variaciones al término del experimento, cuando las larvas tenían seis días de vida. La duración del desarrollo embrionario hasta la eclosión del huevo también estuvo determinada por la temperatura de incubación, con un mayor número de huevos eclosionados y cosechados a la temperatura de 15,5°C (supervivencia de un 20%). Las diferencias significativas en el desarrollo embriológico del turbot a tres diferentes temperaturas de incubación demuestran la importancia de este parámetro en la viabilidad del desarrollo embrionario y los primeros estadios larvales de P. maxima.

The mortality rate in embryonic and larval stages of marine fish is associated with the success of a culture, being necessary to optimize the procedures from this to the level of embryonic development and early larval stages for an optimal larval survival and better juvenile production. In order to evaluate temperature effect on embryonic and larval survival of Turbot, fertilized eggs of two reproductives were transferred to the conical incubation tanks at three different temperatures (12.5; 15.5 and 18.5C). The eggs that were at extreme temperatures (12.5 y 18.5C) had a minor embryonic development, with a daily mortality rate significantly higher in the first three days and at the end of incubation, especially during the egg eclosion (10% survival), and without variations at the end of the experiment, when larvae had six days of life. The duration of embryonic development up to the egg eclosion was also determined by incubation temperature, with a higher number of hatched eggs and harvested at the temperature of 15.5°C (20% survival). Significant differences in the embryonic development of Turbot at three different incubation temperatures indicate the importance of this parameter on the viability of embryonic development and early larval stages of P. maxima.

Anoctamin 1 (Tmem16A) Ca2+-activated chloride channel stoichiometrically interacts with an ezrin-radixin-moesin network.

The newly discovered Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel (CaCC), Anoctamin 1 (Ano1 or TMEM16A), has been implicated in vital physiological functions including epithelial fluid secretion, gut motility, and smooth muscle tone. Overexpression of Ano1 in HEK cells or Xenopus oocytes is sufficient to generate Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) currents, but the details of channel composition and the regulatory factors that control channel biology are incompletely understood. We used a highly sensitive quantitative SILAC proteomics approach to obtain insights into stoichiometric protein networks associated with the Ano1 channel. These studies provide a comprehensive footprint of putative Ano1 regulatory networks. We find that Ano1 associates with the signaling/scaffolding proteins ezrin, radixin, moesin, and RhoA, which link the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton with very high stoichiometry. Ano1, ezrin, and moesin/radixin colocalize apically in salivary gland epithelial cells, and overexpression of moesin and Ano1 in HEK cells alters the subcellular localization of both proteins. Moreover, interfering RNA for moesin modifies Ano1 current without affecting its surface expression level. Another network associated with Ano1 includes the SNARE and SM proteins VAMP3, syntaxins 2 and -4, and syntaxin-binding proteins munc18b and munc18c, which are integral to translocation of vesicles to the plasma membrane. A number of other regulatory proteins, including GTPases, Ca(2+)-binding proteins, kinases, and lipid-interacting proteins are enriched in the Ano1 complex. These data provide stoichiometrically prioritized information about mechanisms regulating Ano1 function and trafficking to polarized domains of the plasma membrane.

Validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services (MBI-HSS) en profesionales chilenos / Factorial validity of Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services (MBI-HSS) on Chilean professionals

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la validez factorial y la consistencia interna de las subescalas del “MBI-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). La muestra la formaron 957 profesionales de servicios chilenos de diferentes unidades laborales. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis factorial, con el método de Componentes principales y rotación Varimax. En el análisis factorial exploratorio se evidenció la extracción de tres factores. Los ítems de Agotamiento emocional se agruparon en el Factor I, los ítems de Realización personal en el trabajo cargaron en el Factor II y los ítems de Despersonalización en el Factor III. Los resultados presentaron una estructura factorial consistente con la estructura original. Sin embargo, dos ítems cargaron al igual que en sus respectivas dimensiones (determinadas originalmente por el instrumento), en otros factores anexos, con menores cargas factoriales (ítem 13 e ítem 12), y el ítem 14 no satura en el factor esperado (Agotamiento emocional), presentando una carga factorial de 0,57 en Despersonalización. Se concluye que los resultados del estudio apoyan la validez factorial del MBI-HSS, y la consistencia interna adecuada de sus dimensiones, por lo que es un instrumento adecuado para evaluar el Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT) (burnout en denominación anglosajona) en profesionales de servicios humanos chilenos.

The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial validity and internal consistency of the subscales of “MBI Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS)”. The sample was formed by 957 professionals of Chilean services from different labour units. The information was analyzed by means of factorial analysis, using the method of principal Components and Varimax rotation. Exploratory factorial analysis revealed the three factors extraction. Items of Emotional Exhaustion were grouped in Factor I, items of Personal Accomplishment at work loaded in Factor II, and items of Depersonalisation in the Factor III. The results showed a factorial structure consistent with the original one. Nevertheless, two items were loaded as in their respective dimensions (originally determined by the instrument), in other attached factors, with less factorials loads (item 13 and item 12), and the items 14 does not saturate in the expected factor (Emotional Exhaustion), presenting a factorial load of 0,57 in Depersonalisation. We conclude that the study results support the factorial validity of the MBI-HSS, and the internal suitable consistency of their dimensions, making it a suitable instrument to evaluate the Syndrome of Burning for the Work (SQT) (burnout in Anglo-Saxon denomination) in professionals of human Chilean services.

Psychometric properties of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory" in Chilean professionals working to physical disabled people.

While the most commonly employed burnout measure has been the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), researchers have been troubled by some of the psychometric limitations of this instrument. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the "Spanish Burnout Inventory" (SBI). The psychometric properties were analysed with data from a sample of 277 Chilean professionals working to physical disabled people. The psychometric properties of the SBI were examined through the following analyses: confirmatory factor analysis, reliability Cronbach's alpha, and concurrent validity with the MBI. The hypothesized four factor model obtained an adequate data fit for the sample (chi2(164) = 285.32, p < .001, GFI = .96, RMSEA = .052, NNFI .93, CFI = .94). Results confirmed the hypothesis formulated. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was higher than .70 for the four scales of the instruments. Results supported the concurrent validity with the MBI. As a whole, the results of these study provided evidence on the adequate psychometric properties of the SBI for the study of burnout in the Chilean cultural context.

Análisis de las propiedades psicométricas del Maslach Burnout inventory human services (MBI-HSS) en profesionales chilenos / Analysis of psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout inventory human services (MBI-HSS) in chilean professionals

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la validez factorial y la consistencia interna de las subescalas del “MBI- human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). La muestra la formaron 566 profesionales de servicios chilenos de diferentes unidades públicas. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis factorial con el método de Componentes Principales y Rotación Varimax. En el análisis factorial exploratorio se evidenció la extracción de tres factores (Maslach y Jackson 1986). Los ítems deAgotamiento emocional se agruparon en el Factor I, los ítems de Realización personal en el trabajo cargaron en el Factor II y los ítems de Despersonalización, en el Factor III. Los resultados presentaron una estructura factorial consistente con la estructura original. Sin embargo, tres ítems cargaron al igual que en sus respectivas dimensiones (determinadas originalmente por el instrumento), en un cuarto factor anexo, con menores cargas factoriales (ítems 12, 20 y 22), que no colabora al desajuste del modelo. Se concluye que los resultados del estudio apoyan la validez factorial del MBI-HSS, y la consistencia interna adecuada de sus dimensiones, por lo que es un instrumento apropiado para evaluar el Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT) (burnout en denominación anglosajona) en profesionales de servicios públicos chilenos.

The objective of this study was to analyze the factorial validity and internal consistency of “MBI- Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) subscales. The sample was made up of 566 professionals of Chilean services from different public agencies. Data were analyzed by means of factorial analysis, using the principal components and Varimax rotation method. In the exploratory factorial analysis extraction of three factors was evidenced (Maslach y Jackson 1986). Items of emotional exhaustion were grouped in Factor I, items of personal accomplishment at work loaded Factor II and depersonalization items in Factor III. The results presented a factorial structure consistent with the original structure. However, three items loaded the same as their respective dimensions (originally determined by the instrument). In a fourth annex factor, with lower factorial loads (items 12, 20 and 22), which does not collaborate in the disadjustment of the model. It is concluded that the results of the study support the factorial validity of the MBI-HSS, and adequate internal consistency of its dimensions, for which reason it is a suitable instrument for evaluating the burnout syndrome in Chilean Public Services professionals.

Análisis de las principales fortalezas y debilidades del Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) / Analysis of the main strengths and weaknes of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)

Este trabajo es una revisión de las principales fortalezas y debilidades del Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) de Maslach y Jackson (Maslach y Jackson 1981; Maslach y Jackson 1986), y secentra en los actuales estudios de las propiedades del cuestionario. En este trabajo se reflexiona sobre la necesidad de contar con nuevos instrumentos capaces de dar nuevas respuestas a la compleja problemática que el Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT) (burnout) plantea, especialmente en Latinoamérica y Chile. En este sentido, el Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT) surge como una valiosa posibilidad de evaluación, ya que ofrece algunas ventajas ante otros instrumentos existentes, como el incluir la Culpa como una variable psicosocial a considerar en la evaluación del SQT.

This study shows a review of literature on the main strengths and weaknesses of the "Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach y Jackson 1981; Maslach y Jackson 1986). The study offers an analysis about the necessity of having new instruments to give answer to the complex problem of the burnout syndrome, especially in Latin America and Chile. In this way, the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) is an interesting possibility for the evaluation of the syndrome, because it has some advantages when it is compared with other instruments. This questionnaire includes the evaluation of the guilt like a variable to take into consideration for the diagnosis of the syndrome.