[Organization of supervision of tick-borne encephalitis and ways of its prevention in the Russian Federation].

The paper presents the data characterizing the epidemiological situation associated with tick-borne virus encephalitis (TBVE) in the Russian Federation in 2006. There is a 22.7% reduction in morbidity as compared with 2005; however, the situation is considered to be of strain; a rise in the incidence of TBVE is recorded in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation. There is a high activity of natural and anthropurgic foci of TBVE; there are as many as 250 recourses to a doctor for tick bites. In some regions, tick virus carriage has been established at 13-29%. TBVE vaccination coverage is quite insufficient; in many cases emergency prophylaxis is not made due to the fact that specific immunoglobulin is in short supply whereas some areas continue to unwarrantedly inject a serum for lack of rapidly tick virus-determining laboratories. There are essential faults in the organization of acaricidal measures and in the propaganda of knowledge of personal TBVE prophylaxis in the population. Tasks for increasing the level of comprehensive prophylaxis are defined to substantially reduce TBVE morbidity in the Russian Federation.

[Cholera at the beginning of the XXI century. Prognosis].

The worldwide epidemiological situation in cholera El Tor at the beginning of this century is presented; among its characteristic features are continued extensive epidemics and outbreaks in African and Asian countries with cases of import of this infection to other continents. Outbreaks caused by a new variant of the infective agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae O139, are still registered at limited territories in the countries of South-East Asia. In some CIS countries (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia) unstable situation in cholera is still preserved due to cases of infection import mainly from Asian countries, as well as to the isolation of epidemically insignificant haemolysin-positive and haemolysin-negative V. cholerae O1 and O139, containing no ctx and tcpA genes, from surface water reservoirs and other environmental objects. In Russia prognosis for cholera is still unfavorable.

[Working experience of the epidemiological groups of the Stavropol Research Institute for plague control]. / Opyt raboty épidemiologicheskikh grupp Stavropol'skogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo protivochumnogo Instituta v Respublike Ingushetiia.

With the start of the antiterrorist operation of the federal forces in the Chechen Republic in autumn 1999 a considerable stream of refugees from the regions where hostilities took place poured to the Republic of Ingushetia. Such situation could not help affecting the whole sanitary and epidemiological situation in the republic. The load on the local services of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance increased almost two-fold. To render practical and consultative-methodological assistance to the Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance in the Republic of Ingushetia, an epidemiological group, chosen from the personnel of the specialized antiepidemic brigade of the Stavropol Research Institute for Plague Control, was sent to Nazran in October 1999 by the decision of the Main State Sanitarian of the Russian Federation. Altogether 6 such groups worked in the Republic of Ingushetia during October-January 1999/2000 and during September-October 2000. The tasks of the groups and the measures taken for fulfilling them are presented. The experience of the work of the epidemic groups as operative antiepidemic formations demonstrated the expediency of their further use.

[Organization of the service of the state sanitary and epidemic surveillance in the northern regions of the Chechen Republic at the emergency situation]. / Organizatsiia sluzhby gossanépidnadzora v period chrezvychainoi obstanovki v severnykh raionakh Chechenskoi Respubliki.

The data characterizing the sanitary and epidemiological state of the population and the groups of persons, forced to quit the place of their permanent residence, on the territory embracing the Nadterechny, Naursky and Shelkovskoi regions of the Chechen Republic (CR) during the period of December 16, 1999, to February 19, 2000. A sharp deterioration of the situation which led to the renewal of hostilities on the whole territory of the CR was accompanied by the disorganization of all vitally important structures, including the systems of health service, sanitary and epidemiological surveilance. The above-mentioned regions of the CR were of great importance in the organization of sanitary-hygienic and antiepidemic measures, as it is on the territories of these regions that the camps with many thousands of persons, forced to move temporarily from Grozny and other regions affected by hostilities, are concentrated. The activity of specialized brigades of the antiepidemic service, working in cooperation with local organs of health service, the State Committee of Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Russian Federation and local services of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, was of great importance for the restoration of the structures and functions of sanitary and antiepidemic organs.

[On sanitary and epidemic situation in the Republic of Ingushetia]. / O sanitarno-épidemiologicheskoi obstanovke v Respublike Ingushetiia.

Information on the recent sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Republic of Ingushetia is presented. In some years an almost twofold growth in the number of population was registered in the republic due to the mass influx of temporarily displaced persons. Such factors as excessive population density, the absence of conditions for the observation of elementary sanitary and hygienic norms, malnutrition, complications with the supply of drinking water meeting sanitary norms contribute to the possibility of epidemic complications. The data on the state of water supply and sewage in populated localities and on the state of morbidity in infectious diseases are presented. By the year 2000 the aggravation of the epidemiological situation in viral hepatitis A and tuberculosis took place. Morbidity in acute enteric infections somewhat increased. There is the danger of the appearance of some infections from the natural foci.

[Specific epidemiologic features of Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Stavropol' region in 1999-2000]. / Epidemiologicheskie osobennosti krymskoi gemorragicheskoi likhoradki v Stavropol'skom krae v 1999-2000 gg.

The results of the epidemiological analysis of morbidity in Crimean haemorrhagic fever in the Stavropol Territory in 1999-2000 are presented. The epidemiological features, specifically characteristic of the manifestations of this infection in the territory, have been determined.

[Establishment of the plague control system in Russia]. / Etapy stanovleniia protivochumnoi sluzhby v Rossii.

The specialized plague control facilities which began being founded as a system of institutions in Russia in 1897 have made a great contribution to epidemiological well-being against quarantine and particularly menacing diseases. The developmental stages of plague control service in different periods of the country's social life and its place in the general governmental preventive and antiepidemic measures are shown. The paper emphasizes that it is expedient to maintain the antiepidemic readiness of plaque control facilities due the fact that the epidemic situation is due menacing and zoonosis is expected to aggravate in the late 20th to the early 21st centuries.

[An outbreak of ornithosis at a textile factory]. / Vspyshka ornitoza na tkatskoi fabrike.

For the first time an outbreak of ornithosis at a textile factory is described. The data on the specific epidemiological features of the outbreak, the specific clinical features of the disease, the results of catamnestic observations and the study of the titers of specific antibodies in the complement fixation test are presented.

[Results of a trial of a plague monoclonal antibody erythrocyte diagnostic agent]. / Rezul'taty ispytaniia chumnogo antitel'nogo monoklonal'nogo éritrotsitarnogo diagnostikuma.

Plague antibody monoclonal erythrocyte diagnosticum was studied in serological tests simultaneously with commercial plague antibody erythrocyte diagnosticum prepared on the basis of hyperimmune horse serum and with commercial plague antigenic erythrocyte diagnosticum. In this investigation the suspensions of numerous strains of Yersinia pestis, other closely related and heterologous organisms, experimentally infected wild and laboratory animals, as well as samples of materials obtained from small rodents caught in several natural foci of plague, were studied. The monoclonal diagnosticum was, practically, not inferior to the similar commercial preparation with respect to the frequency of positive results and the activity of the materials under study in serological tests, but showed greater specificity, as it reacted strictly with Y. pestis capsular antigen.