ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: this study aims to analyze and characterize the movement of expansion of Nursing undergraduate courses in Brazil since the 1990s. The characteristics of this expansion are discussed, as well as the socio-political setting where such movement occurred, and the quality of education available based on the data collected. METHOD: this is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a quali-quantitative approach, with the use of secondary databases. RESULTS: an accelerated and disordered growth of Nursing undergraduate courses was identified, as well as the number of vacancies, especially due to the participation of the private sector, especially since the year 2000. Geographical inequalities in the distribution of these courses and vacancies were also identified. CONCLUSION: the strong expansion of higher education in Nursing, along with other health professions, resulted in the strengthening of private higher education institutions associated with economic groups, regional concentration, as well as the excessive offer of distance learning without adequate evaluation of its quality or repercussions.
Subject(s)
Education, Distance , Education, Nursing , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , PrivatizationABSTRACT
Objective: this study aims to analyze and characterize the movement of expansion of Nursing undergraduate courses in Brazil since the 1990s. The characteristics of this expansion are discussed, as well as the socio-political setting where such movement occurred, and the quality of education available based on the data collected. Method: this is a descriptive and cross-sectional study with a quali-quantitative approach, with the use of secondary databases. Results: an accelerated and disordered growth of Nursing undergraduate courses was identified, as well as the number of vacancies, especially due to the participation of the private sector, especially since the year 2000. Geographical inequalities in the distribution of these courses and vacancies were also identified. Conclusion: the strong expansion of higher education in Nursing, along with other health professions, resulted in the strengthening of private higher education institutions associated with economic groups, regional concentration, as well as the excessive offer of distance learning without adequate evaluation of its quality or repercussions.
Objetivo: o presente estudo visa analisar e caracterizar o movimento de expansão dos cursos de graduação de enfermagem no Brasil a partir dos anos 90. Discutem-se as características desta expansão, o cenário sócio-político em que ocorreu tal movimento, bem como a qualidade do ensino disponível com base nos dados coletados. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e de abordagem quali-quantitativa, com o uso de bases de dados secundárias. Resultados: foi identificado um crescimento acelerado e desordenado dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem, bem como do número de vagas, devido especialmente à participação do setor privado, em especial a partir do ano 2000. Desigualdades geográficas na distribuição desses cursos e vagas também foram identificadas. Conclusão: a forte expansão do ensino superior em enfermagem, ao lado de outras profissões de saúde, resultou no fortalecimento de instituições privadas de ensino superior associadas a grupos econômicos, na concentração regional, bem como na oferta excessiva da modalidade de ensino a distância sem avaliação adequada de sua qualidade ou repercussões.
Objetivo: el presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar y caracterizar el movimiento de expansión de las carreras de grado en enfermería en Brasil a partir de la década del 90. Se discuten las características de esta expansión, el escenario sociopolítico en el que ocurrió este movimiento, así como la calidad de la educación disponible según los datos recopilados. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal con enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, utilizando bases de datos secundarias. Resultados: se identificó un crecimiento acelerado y desordenado de las carreras de licenciatura en enfermería, así como el número de cupos, debido fundamentalmente a la participación del sector privado, especialmente a partir del año 2000. También se identificaron desigualdades geográficas en la distribución de las carreras y los cupos. Conclusión: la fuerte expansión de la educación superior en enfermería, junto con otras profesiones de la salud, favoreció el fortalecimiento de las instituciones privadas de educación superior asociadas a grupos económicos, la concentración regional y la oferta excesiva de educación a distancia sin la correcta evaluación de calidad o de las repercusiones.
Subject(s)
Humans , Brazil , Privatization , Cross-Sectional Studies , Private Sector , Education, Distance , Education, NursingABSTRACT
RESUMO Para o alcance dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável até 2030, o investimento em recursos humanos para a saúde é um dos componentes essenciais. Contudo, a formação desses recursos requer equilíbrio entre a oferta, a demanda e a capacidade dos profissionais para satisfazer às necessidades de atenção à saúde. A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é a estratégia apoiada internacionalmente como elemento central e orientador de políticas que fortalecem o sistema de saúde. Ao celebrar 40 anos de Alma Ata e 30 anos do Sistema Único de Saúde, este artigo revisitou a história recente e destacou o profissional enfermeiro com um papel central para a consolidação da APS, sobretudo pelo potencial inovador, criativo e versátil. Os elementos aqui explorados são resultados de debates realizados pela Rede de Pesquisa em APS e reforçam a importância da construção de uma agenda política estratégica diante dos desafios presentes no cenário nacional e internacional, reafirmando a defesa da saúde e da educação pública. Organizado em três eixos, o texto aborda a expansão da enfermagem nas últimas décadas, o investimento na ampliação de escolas para formação de enfermeiros e finaliza com os desafios das práticas de enfermagem voltada à APS e potenciais estratégias de enfrentamento e melhoria, para garantir um futuro já presente no cuidado de indivíduos e populações.(AU)
ABSTRACT To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals until 2030, investment in human resources for health is one of the essential components. However, the formation of those resources requires a balance between the supply, the demand, and the ability of professionals to meet health care needs. Primary Health Care (PHC) is the internationally supported strategy as the central and guiding element of policies that strengthen the health system. Celebrating 40 years of Alma Ata and 30 years of Brazil's Unified Health System, this article revisits the recent history and emphasizes the professional nurse with a central role for the consolidation of PHC, especially by its innovative, creative, and versatile potential. The elements explored here are results of debates carried out by the PHS Research Network and reinforce the importance of building a strategic political agenda facing the challenges present in the national and international scenario, reaffirming the defense of public health and education. Organized in three axes, the text addresses the expansion of nursing in the last decades, the investment in expanding schools for training nurses, and ends with the challenges of nursing practices focused on PHC and potential coping and improvement strategies, to ensure a future already present in the care of individuals and populations.(AU)
Subject(s)
Policy Making , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Unified Health System/trends , Professional Training , Primary Care Nursing/methods , BrazilABSTRACT
From the 1990s onwards, national economies became connected and globalized. Changes in the demographic and epidemiological profile of the population highlighted the need for further discussions and strategies on Human Resources for Health (HRH). The health workforce crisis is a worldwide phenomenon. It includes: difficulties in attracting and retaining health professionals to work in rural and remote areas, poor distribution and high turnover of health staff particularly physicians, poor training of health workforces in new sanitation and demographic conditions and the production of scientific evidence to support HRH decision making, policy management, programs and interventions. In this scenario, technical cooperation activities may contribute to the development of the countries involved, strengthening relationships and expanding exchanges as well as contributing to the production, dissemination and use of technical scientific knowledge and evidence and the training of workers and institutional strengthening. This article aims to explore this context highlighting the participation of Brazil in the international cooperation arena on HRH and emphasizing the role of the World Health Organization in confronting this crisis that limits the ability of countries and their health systems to improve the health and lives of their populations.
Subject(s)
Global Health , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Health Policy , International Cooperation , Brazil , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Personnel/education , Humans , National Health Programs , Rural Health Services/organization & administrationABSTRACT
A partir de los años 90 las economías nacionales se han entrelazado y globalizado. Los cambios en el perfil epidemiológico y demográfico de la población mostraron la necesidad de nuevos debates y estrategias de los Recursos Humanos para la Salud (RHS). La crisis global de la Fuerza de Trabajo en Salud (FTS) incluye dificultades para atraer a profesionales de la salud a las zonas remotas y rurales; la mala distribución y rotación de estos profesionales, especialmente los médicos; la cualificación inadecuada a las nuevas condiciones sanitarias y demográficas; y la necesidad de producir evidencia científica para apoyar la toma de decisiones y la gestión de políticas. Las actividades de cooperación técnica pueden contribuir al desarrollo de las capacidades de los países involucrados, fortaleciendo las relaciones y expandiendo el intercambio, la generación, la difusión y el uso de los conocimientos técnicos y científicos, así como la formación de los trabajadores y el fortalecimiento de sus instituciones. Este artículo explora este contexto, destacando la participación de Brasil en las estrategias de cooperación internacional en el área de RHS y destacando el papel de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para hacer frente a esta crisis que limita la capacidad de los países y sus sistemas de salud para mejorar la salud y la vida de sus poblaciones. (AU)
