ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Among the numerous studies on physical activity and sleep disorders, few have focused on physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged people who are particularly stressed. A restricted cubic web (RCS) technique was applied to determine whether physical activity and the self-rated prevalence of sleep disorders exhibit a dose-response relationship in middle-aged adults. METHODS: This study analyzed 8880 middle-aged adults aged 40-65 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged adults. Thereafter, the dose-response connection was examined using RCS. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects with MET values in the first quartile (Q1) had odds ratios (OR) for sleep disturbance of 0.851 (95% CI = 0.745-0.973), 0.800 (95% CI = 0.698-0.917), and 0.780 (95% CI = 0.680-0.895) compared to subjects with MET values in the second, third, and fourth quartiles respectively. RCS regression showed a non-linear association between physical activity and sleep disorders in middle-aged adults (non-linearity P = 0.0382). Furthermore, the prevalence of sleep disorders in middle-aged adults decreased with increasing physical activity, reaching a minimum when weekly physical activity was around 166.27MET*h (OR = 0.885, 95% CI = 0.799-0.981). CONCLUSION: Our research demonstrates that physical activity was negatively associated with sleep disorders.
Subject(s)
Exercise , Nutrition Surveys , Sleep Wake Disorders , Humans , Middle Aged , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Adult , United States/epidemiology , Aged , PrevalenceABSTRACT
A series of ZnFeAl-layered double hydroxides/TiO2 (ZnFeAl-LDHs/TiO2) composites are synthesized by a combined anodization and hydrothermal method. The structure, surface morphology, photo absorption and photocathodic protection properties of these samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) and electrochemical tests. The unique structure of the ZnFeAl-LDHs reduces the charge carriers recombination, and the visible photoresponse property increase the light harvesting. The XPS study reveals that the electrons in the ZnFeAl-LDHs travel to TiO2, and the ZnFeAl-LDHs/TiO2 composites generate and transfer more electrons to 304 stainless steel (304SS), and exhibits a better photocathodic protection performance than pure TiO2. In addition, after intermittent visible-light illumination for four days, the photoanode still exhibits good stability and durability.