Societal costs and health related quality of life in adult atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Cost-of-illness studies are widely used for healthcare decision-making in chronic conditions. Our aim was to assess the cost-of-illness of adult atopic dermatitis (AD) from the societal perspective in Hungary. METHODS: We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional questionnaire survey between February 2018 and January 2021. Data was collected from consecutive AD patients aged ≥ 18 years and their physicians at dermatology departments in Hungary. We calculated direct and indirect costs, including costs for treatments, outpatient visits, hospital admissions, informal care, travel costs and productivity loss. To assess indirect costs, the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire was used to collect data, and costs were estimated with the human capital approach. Generalized linear model was used to analyse predictors of total, direct and indirect costs. RESULTS: Altogether 218 patients completed the survey (57.8% female) with an average age of 31.3 (SD = 11.7). Patients' average Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score was 13.5 (SD = 8.5). According to Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score, 2.3% (n = 5), 21.2% (n = 46), 54.4% (n = 118) and 22.1% (n = 48) had clear, mild, moderate, and severe AD, respectively. We found that the average total, direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect annual costs per patients were €4,331, €1,136, €747, and €2450, respectively, with absenteeism and presenteeism being the main cost drivers, accounting for 24% and 29% of the total cost of AD. A one-year longer disease duration led to, on average, 1.6%, and 4.2% increase in total and direct non-medical costs, respectively. Patients with worse health-related quality of life (higher DLQI score) had significantly higher total, direct medical, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a substantial economic burden of AD from a societal perspective, mainly driven by productivity losses.

Rational use management standards of national key monitoring drug / 中国药房

At present， there is a lack of unified and standardized management for the rational use of national key monitoring drugs. According to the relevant requirements of the state， based on the relevant literature published at home and abroad in recent years and combined with the management practice of many medical institutions across the country on the national key monitoring drugs， in order to make the national key monitoring drugs more reasonable use and standardized management in medical institutions at all levels， the Clinical Pharmacy Branch of the Chinese Medical Association， the Pharmaceutical Epidemiology Special Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and the Pharmaceutical Epidemiology Special Committee of the Sichuan Pharmaceutical Association organized experts to fully discuss， and to form this management standard. This standard mainly provides relevant opinions and suggestions on the basic principles of rational use of key monitoring drugs and the regulatory measures for key monitoring drugs， especially on how to strengthen the pharmaceutical management and use management of key monitoring drugs， further promoting the standardized use of key monitoring drugs.

HBXIP blocks myosin-IIA assembly by phosphorylating and interacting with NMHC-IIA in breast cancer metastasis

Tumor metastasis depends on the dynamic balance of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. As a key component of actomyosin filaments, non-muscle myosin-IIA disassembly contributes to tumor cell spreading and migration. However, its regulatory mechanism in tumor migration and invasion is poorly understood. Here, we found that oncoprotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) blocked the myosin-IIA assemble state promoting breast cancer cell migration. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry analysis, co-immunoprecipitation assay and GST-pull down assay proved that HBXIP directly interacted with the assembly-competent domain (ACD) of non-muscle heavy chain myosin-IIA (NMHC-IIA). The interaction was enhanced by NMHC-IIA S1916 phosphorylation via HBXIP-recruited protein kinase PKCβII. Moreover, HBXIP induced the transcription of PRKCB, encoding PKCβII, by coactivating Sp1, and triggered PKCβII kinase activity. Interestingly, RNA sequencing and mouse metastasis model indicated that the anti-hyperlipidemic drug bezafibrate (BZF) suppressed breast cancer metastasis via inhibiting PKCβII-mediated NMHC-IIA phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. We reveal a novel mechanism by which HBXIP promotes myosin-IIA disassembly via interacting and phosphorylating NMHC-IIA, and BZF can serve as an effective anti-metastatic drug in breast cancer.

The Current Situation and Countermeasures of Ethics Education for Clinical Medical Postgraduates / 中国医学伦理学

In recent years, clinical research has developed rapidly in China and gradually converged with international standards. The importance of ethics education in clinical research for clinical medical postgraduates has become increasingly prominent. From the purpose of promoting the ethics education of clinical medical postgraduates, this paper expounded the significance of carrying out the ethics education of clinical research for clinical medical postgraduates, analyzed the current situation and problems of the ethics education of clinical research for domestic postgraduates, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening the ethics education of clinical medical postgraduates. Specifically, this included increasing the degree of attention and rationally allocating teaching resources; paying attention to the transformation of theory into practice, and increasing the relevant curriculum; defining the training objectives, and conducting the staged cross-cultivation; adopting various teaching methods, and improving the training effect; utilizing clinical research practice to develop the ethics ability of clinical research.

Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) as an Optimal Treatment for Schizophrenia Risk Decision: an ERSP Study.

Objective: People with schizophrenia have serious impairments in social function, especially in decision-making ability. Transcranial magnetic stimulation modified intermittent theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (iTBS) has been shown to regulate the functional connection of brain networks. Our study explored the therapeutic effect of iTBS on decision-making disorders in schizophrenia. Methods: Participants were pseudorandomized and assigned to iTBS (n = 16) or sham (n = 16) group. iTBS group was administered 1,800 pulses on the target of the left dorsol lateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) per day for 14 consecutive days. We compared Iowa gambling task performance and associated event-related spectral perturbation results (ERSP) among two groups. Results: The results show that participants' performance in the high-lose in the iTBS group had stronger stimulation of theta spectral power than those in the sham group. Specifically, we found that under high-risk conditions, compared with the control group, the iTBS group showed significant activation of the theta spectrum power in the FPZ, FZ, FCZ, and CZ regions after treatment. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that long-term iTBS stimulation effectively improves the decision-making ability of schizophrenia. After receiving negative feedback, patients can turn to safety options. These findings support that iTBS may be a potential treatment for clinical decision-making disorders.

Research progress and controversies of individualized local treatment of breast ductal carcinoma in situ / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

With the widespread adoption of screening mammography, the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been dramatically increased. The spectrum of local treatment advances from mastectomy to breast conservation surgery plus whole breast irradiation (WBI), and hypofractionated WBI or accelerated partial breast irradiation. Although the efficacy of WBI on reducing local recurrence is clear, such benefit in the low-risk DCIS is still controversial. Further studies are required to establish a more precise local recurrence risk stratification system for better tailoring local treatment in patients with DCIS. In this review, the latest advances and controversies in surgery, radiation therapy and local recurrence risk stratification system for patients with DCIS were summarized.

The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on memory function / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Memory function is the core component of human brain cognition.Memory impairment significantly affects people's daily life and social ability,but existing cognitive training or drug therapy can not effectively improve memory function.In recent years,new techniques and methods have been emerging in brain science research,especially neural regulation techniques,such as transcranial electrical / magnetic stimulation,which can significantly regulate cognitive ability and effectively promote memory function.Transcranial direct current stimulation is a kind of noninvasive and safe technique.It can regulate cerebral cortex activity by changing the cerebral cortex excitability,and play a role in regulating brain function.At present,there have been reports at home and abroad that transcranial direct current stimulation can promote memory function and improve memory effectively.This technique is applied to the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases,but its mechanism is not clear.This article reviews the mechanism and application of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) in promoting different types of memory function in order to provide evidence for early intervention and treatment of memory impairment.

Semiological characteristics and clinical application value of bilateral asymmetrical tonic seizures / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To illustrate the semiological characteristics of the three sub-types within the broad bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures (BATS),summarize their predictive values on lateralization and localization of seizure onset zone (SOZ),and analyze the difference between BATS and asymmetrical tonic limb posturing (ATLP).Methods A retrospective review of 385 patients who underwent stereotactic electrode implantation in the Sanbo Brain Hospital,Capital Medical University from September 2011 to May 2018 was performed.As long as there was a clinical epileptic seizure in the presence of BATS or ATLP,the patients were classified into the corresponding groups.Postoperative prognosis was assessed using Engel's grading criteria for a follow-up of no less than six months.Seizure descriptions were based on the classification of epileptic seizures introduced by Lüiders,which used arrows to connect the symptoms in chronological order.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the classic BATS and bilateral proximal tonic seizure in terms of whether it could be an independent seizure,as the onset and end of the seizure,with version and generalized tonic-clonic seizure (P＞0.05).Compared with the ATLP,except for whether it could be an independent seizure (P=1.000) and onset before versive seizure (P=0.068),the BATS showed significantly different semiological features (P＜0.05).The classic BATS and secondary motor area epilepsy had a 100.0％ predictive accuracy on the lateralization of SOZ.In the patients with broad BATS,the SOZ distribution was more extensive,but it was rare in the orbitofrontal gyrus,frontal pole and mesial temporal lobe.Compared with the bilateral proximal tonic seizures from the other regions,those originated from supplementary somatosensory motor area and its adjacent areas were rare and showed no statistically significant difference (0/8 vs 40.0％ (18/45),x2=3.226,P=0.072) but a low trend.The predictive value of BATS on lateralization of SOZ was higher than that of ATLP (84.9％ (45/53) vs 57.1％ (24/42),x2=9.086,P=0.003),and BATS was less originated from temporal lobe than ATLP (3.8％ (2/53) vs 23.8％ (10/42),x2=8.523,P=0.004).Conclusion Different from ATLP,the broad BATS are characterized by tonic proximal upper limb posturing,and have a higher predictive value on lateralization and localization of SOZ.

Effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on visual spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimula-tion on visual spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Sixty-six patients with schizophrenia were enrolled in a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study. The subjects were ran-domized into a true stimulation group of 33 patients and a placebo control group of 33 patients,each patient only received one stimulation. After receiving a stimulus,the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe was stimulated by high-precision transcranial direct current. The true stimulation group was stimulated with a current of 1. 5 mA for 20 min. The control group used pseudo-stimulation,and only the current was passed within 30 s of the beginning and the end of the stimulation. Both groups completed the neuropsychological background test and the n-back task before stimulation,and the stimulation was performed after five days. After the stimula-tion,the two groups completed the n-back task again,and compared the Changes in grades to reflect changes in working memory before and after the pseudo-stimulation. Results Before the stimulation,the response rate of the 3-back task was compared with that of the control group ((0. 32±0. 21),(0. 32±0. 22)),the true stimulation group ((0. 28 ± 0. 19), ( 0. 35 ± 0. 21)), and the difference was statistically significant ( F=5. 298,P=0. 025). Conclusion Using high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation to stimulate the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using can improve the visual memory function of patients. In the future,this technique can be applied to the cognitive promotion of memory impairment in patients with schizophrenia.

Comparison of the clinical effect of disposable balloon cervical dilator and dinoprostone suppository on promoting the cervical ripening in full-term pregnancy / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the clinical effect of disposable cervical dilator balloon and dinoprostone suppository on promoting cervical ripening in full-term pregnancy.Methods 92 cases of primipara with labor indications were selected as the research subjects.According to the random number table method,the patients were randomly divided into two groups,46 cases in each group.The observation group of cervical ripening used disposable cervical dilator balloon,the control group used dinoprostone suppository .The cervical Bishop score and cervical ripening effect ,delivery conditions,and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups .The full-term pregnancy cervical ripening in disposable balloon dilator ,the application effect of dinoprostone suppository was evaluated .Results The cervical Bishop score after induction of the observation group was (8.92 ±0.17) points,which was higher than (6.11 ±0.38) points of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t=45.781,P<0.05).The ineffective rate of cervical ripening in the observation group was 4.35％,which was lower than 26.09％in the control group(χ2 =16.133,P<0.05).The induced to regular uterine contraction time ,the total labor range of the observation group were (6.31 ±1.52)h,(6.35 ±1.59)h,respectively,which were shorter than those of the control group[(11.68 ± 2.24)h,(7.56 ±2.68)h],the differences were statistically significant (t=13.454,2.634,all P<0.05).The vaginal delivery rate of the observation group was 82.61％,which was higher than 63.04％of the control group(χ2 =4.056, P<0.05).The cesarean section rate of the observation group was 17.39％,which was lower than 36.96％ of the control group(χ2 =7.407,P<0.05).The neonatal birth weight,neonatal asphyxia,neonatal Apgar score between the two groups had no statistically significant differences(all P>0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the observation group was 8.70％,which was lower than 28.26％in the control group(χ2 =9.757,P<0.05).Conclusion Dispos-able balloon cervical dilator used in term pregnancy cervical ripening has significant effect , can improve cervical ripening rate,shorten delivery time and labor ,with less adverse reaction ,high safety,it is worthy of reference .

Effect of hydrogen-rich saline on the CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells of allergic rhinitis guinea pigs model / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on the CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis (AR) and investigate the underling anti-inflammatory mechanism.@*Methods@#Using random number table, eighteen guinea pigs were divided into three groups (control group/AR group/HRS group, n=6 of each group). AR guinea pig model was built with ovalbumin and aluminum. The guinea pigs were injected with hydrogen-rich saline (HRS group) for ten days after sensitation. And control group was injected with equal normal saline at the same time. Number of sneezes, degree of runny nose and nasal rubbing movements were scored. Peripheral blood eosinophil count was recorded. The content of interleukin 10(IL-10) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in the serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemical method was taken to detect IL-10 and TGF-β in nasal mucosa. The proportion of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells in the CD4+ T cells of spleen and peripheral blood were determined with flow cytometry. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data.@*Results@#There was significant difference in symptom scores among them. The scores of AR group preceded control group, and HRS could decrease the scores of AR ((6.29±1.79) vs (1.01±0.71), (4.50±0.84) vs (6.29±1.79), F=24.725, all P<0.05). The highest number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood belonged to control group, and the number of eosinophils were dramatically reduced after HRS administration ((0.41±0.05)×109/L vs (0.25±0.03 )×109/L, (0.32±0.03)×109/L vs (0.41±0.05)×109/L, F=70.05, all P<0.05). The content of IL-10 and TGF-β in control group is peak ((86.88±17.17) pg/ml, (598.28±72.70) pg/ml, respectively), and compared with AR group, HRS also increased the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β of peripheral blood ((72.54±11.75) pg/ml vs (53.49±10.07) pg/ml, (530.23±57.15) pg/ml vs (482.69±65.96) pg/ml, F value was 28.357, 14.128, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in controls exceeded HRS group and AR group (1.81%±0.10%, 1.29%±0.74%, respectively), and HRS treatment increased the ratio of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells than AR group of peripheral blood ((1.50%±0.11%) vs (1.15%±0.11%), F=168.96, P<0.05). But there was no significant diferences in splene tissue ((1.01%±0.08%) vs (0.98%±0.09%), F=97.381, P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Both the number and the cytokine secretion of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells are decreased in AR group, HRS may inhibit inflammatory response and ameliorate AR via improving the number and the cytokine secretion.

Dual roles of Nrf2 in tumorigenesis / 中华地方病学杂志

Activation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-signaling pathway is an adaptive response to environmental and endogenous stresses and serves to render animals resistant to chemical carcinogenesis and other forms of toxicity. However, overexpression of Nrf2 has been recognized to promote oncogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. The application of Nrf2 in tumor chemoprevention and treatment has also become a hot topic. This review focuses on the dual roles of Nrf2 in tumorigenesis and the application of Nrf2 in tumor chemoprevention and treatment.

GALNT14 mediates tumor invasion and migration in breast cancer cell MCF-7.

Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of most human cancers and affects many cellular properties, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, transformation, migration, invasion, and immune responses. Here, we report that N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase14 (GALNT14), which mediates the initial step of mucin-type O-glycosylation and is heterogeneously expressed in most breast cancers, plays a critical role in the invasion and migration of breast cancers by regulating the activity of MMP-2 and expression of some EMT genes. We have modulated the expression of GALNT14 by RNAi and overexpression in MCF-7 cells. Overexpression of GALNT14 significantly enhanced cell migration and invasion and promoted the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Knockdown of GALNT14 reduced clonogenicity and attenuates cell migration and cell invasion. The mRNAs for N-cadherin, vimentin, E-cadherin, MMP-2, VEGF, and TGF-ß were determined by RT-qPCR involving GALNT14-overexpressing or knockdown MCF-7 cells. Expression profiling revealed the upregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP-2, VEGF, TGF-ß and the downregulation of E-cadherin in GALNT14 overexpressing cells, with the opposite seen in GALNT14 knockdowns. Gelatin zymography analysis further indicated that overexpression of GALNT14 increased MMP-2 activity in MCF-7 cells. Conversely, downregulation of GALNT14 reduced MMP-2 activity. Promoter analysis revealed that GALNT14 stimulates MMP-2 expression through the AP-1-binding site. Western blot analyses showed that knockdown of GALNT14 significantly reduced the expression of an oncoprotein mucin 1 (MUC1). These findings indicate that GALNT14 contributes to breast cancer invasion by altering the cell proliferation, motility, expression levels of EMT genes, and by stimulating MMP-2 activity, suggesting GALNT14 may be a potential target for breast cancer treatment.

Overexpression of STOML-2 inhibits apoptosis of human cervical squamous carcinoma Siha cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of STOML-2 overexpression on apoptosis of human cervical squamous carcinoma Siha cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Siha cells were transfected with an adenoviral vector carrying STOML-2, and 72 h later STOML-2 expression and the proliferation of the cells were detected by Western blotting and MTT assay. The transfected cells were treated with IC50 Cisplatin for 24 h, and the morphological changes of cells were observed using fluorescence, and the cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytomerty; the expression levels of proteins related with mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, including caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome C (Cyt C), were detected by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Western blotting showed a significantly increased STOML-2 expression in the transfected cells. Overexpression of STOML-2 obviously promoted the proliferation of Siha cells. The STOML-2-overexpressing cells exhibited an obvious resistance to IC50 Cisplatin-induced apoptosis as shown by both fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and presented with decreased expressions of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and cytosol Cyt C and increased expressions of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and mitochondrial Cyt C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Overexpression of STOML-2 can enhance the proliferation of Siha cells by inhibiting cell apoptosis possibly through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.</p>

PQS attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by thapsigargin through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study the effect of Panax quinquefolium saponin (PQS) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in-duced by thapsigargin ( TG) .METHODS:Primary cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal SD rats were divided into con-trol group, TG group, PQS (40 mg/L, 80 mg/L and 160 mg/L) +TG group, si-PERK+TG group, and mock+TG group.The cells were treated with 1 μmol/L TG for 24 h to induce apoptosis.The PERK gene in the cardiomyocytes was knocked down by RNAi.The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.Wes-tern blotting was used to determine the expression of ERS molecules GRP78, CRT, ATF4 and CHOP, anti-apoptosis pro-tein Bcl-2 and pro-apoptosis protein Bax.RESULTS: Compared with control group, TG significantly and the apoptosis, reduced the cell viability (P<0.05), increased the phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α, increased the expression of GRP78, CRT, ATF4, CHOP and pro-apoptosis protein Bax, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 (P<0.05).Compared with TG group, PQS treatment (160 mg/L) significantly reduced the apoptosis and increased the cell viability (P<0.05).All the 3 different concentrations of PQS significantly increased the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 and reduced the expression of pro-apoptosis protein Bax (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner.PQS pre-treatment and knockdown of PERK both reduced the protein levels of GRP78, CRT, PERK, p-PERK, eIF2α, p-eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP and pro-apoptosis protein Bax, and increased the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:PQS at concentration of 160 mg/L attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by TG.PQS had the simi-lar effect as PERK knockdown on cardiomyocyte apoptosis.The mechanism may be associated with inhibiting PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway of ERS-related apoptosis.

Study on malignancy of end-stage aristolochic acid nephropathy patients in Wenzhou area / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the features of malignancy in end-stage aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) patients undergoing renal replacement therapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenhou Medical University.Methods One hundred and two patients diagnosed as end-stage AAN during 2004 to 2013 were enrolled in the study,and separately udergoing hemodialysis,peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation,to study the features of the malignancy and its risk factors.Results (1) There were totally 42 AAN patients suffering from malignancy,and 39 of them had urinary cancer.Eight cases of urinary cancer had metastasis,and 11 cases of bladder cancer had repeated recurrences.Patients suffering from malignancy had an increased mortality compared to patients without malignancy (13/42 vs 7/60,P =0.022).(2) Thirteen malignacy cases were diagnosed before the end-stage of AAN,the rest cases appeared in 1-13 years[(4.62±3.31) years] after renal replacement.(3) A further logistic regression analysis of the 29 maligancy patients after renal replacement showed that,the dose of aristolochic acid (counted by Mutong) was the only risk factor of malignancy (P =0.091),compared with the dose of Mutong less than 60 g,the patients with an accumulated dose of Mutong more than 200 g had a 4.26 folds (95％CI 1.02,17.83)higher risk of malignancy.There was no statistic difference of the malignancy risk among different renal replacement therapies,which however might influence the pathogenic sites of the urinary cancer.The simple bladder cancer was the most common malignancy among the hemodialysis patients (72.72％),and the upper urinary tract cancer among the peritoneal dialysis patients (66.67％),while the complex of both were dominant among the renal transplantation patients(40.00％).Conclusions Among the end-stage of AAN patients undergoing renal replacement therapy in Wenzhou area,the incidence of urinary cancer is high,with a character of complex,multiple and repeated recurrences.The occurence of malignancy seems to be separated from the renal function,but turns out obviously dose-dependent.There was no statistical difference of cancer risk among hemodialysis,peritoneal dialysis,and renal transplantation,which may induce different pathogenic sites of the urinary cancer.

A study of clinicopathological features in patients with IgA nephropathy and the association with mycoplasma multi-infection / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the infection rates of mycoplasma penetrans (Mpe),mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) and mycoplasma ferments (Mf) in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN),chronic kideny disease (CKD),and heathy people,to compare the difference of infection rate,and to analyze the association of mycoplasma infection and clinicopathological features in IgAN.Methods Blood samples were collected from 118 patients in IgAN group,90 patients in CKD group,and 89 cases in health control group.DNA of Mpe,Mp and Mf was detected in plasma by PCR.Positive cases were confirmed by Southern blot.According to mycoplasma infection,IgAN patients were divided into two groups,then analyzed the clinicopatholgical features.Results (1)Genus,Mpe,Mp,and Mf positive rates were 33.05％,16.1％,25.45 ％,and 8.47％ in IgAN group,respectively; 5.56％,2.22％,5.56％,and 2.22％ in CKD group,respectively; and 3.33 ％,1.11％,2.22％,and 0 in health group,respectively.Compared with CKD and health group,patients in IgAN group had a higher infection rate in Genus,Mpe,and Mp (P ＜ 0.05).In IgAN group,10 patients had three kinds of mycoplasmas infection at the same time,and positive rate was 8.47％ much higher than CKD group (positive rate was 2.22％) (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Based on mycoplasm detection results,IgAN patients were divided into two groups,overlapping infection group and mycoplasma negative group.In overlapping infection group,the mean age of onset was much younger than negative group.Compared with negative group,overlapping infection group had higher tonsillitis and urinary tract infection rate,more severe microscopic hematuria and tubulointerstitium lesion (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Patients with IgAN had higher infection rate of Genus,Mpe and Mp,compared with CKD patients and health people.Compared with mycoplasma negative group in IgAN patients,more severe microscopic hematuria and tubulointerstitium lesion in overlapping infection group,which suggested that infection of Mpe might have some possible connection with IgAN.

Molecular Characterization of Segments S7 to S10 of a Southern Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus Isolate from Maize in Northern China / 中国病毒学·英文版

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus(SRBSDV)is a novel Fijivirus prevalent in rice in southern and central China, and northern Vietnam. Its genome has 10 segments of double-stranded RNA named S1 to S10according to their size. An isolate of SRBSDV, JNi4, was obtained from naturally infected maize plants from Ji'ning, Shandong province, in the 2008 maize season. Segments S7 to S10 of JNi4 share nucleotide identities of 72.6%-73.1%, 72.3%-73%, 73.9%-74.5% and 77.3%-79%, respectively, with corresponding segments of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus isolates, and identities of 99.7%, 99. 1%-99.7%, 98.9%-99.5%, and 98.6%-99.2% with those of SRBSDV isolates HN and GD. JNi4 forms a separate branch with GD and HN in the phylogenetic trees constructed with genomic sequences of S7 to S10. These results confirm the proposed taxonomic status of SRBSDV as a distinct species of the genus Fijivirus and indicate that JNi4 is an isolate of SRBSDV. Shandong is so far the northernmost region where SRBSDV is found in China.

Association between Mycoplasma penetrans infection and clinicopathology of IgA nephropathy / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To study the association between Mycoplasma penetrans (Mpe) infection and clinicopathology of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods Blood samples of 118 IgAN patients, 90 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 89 healthy people were collected. Mpe DNA in serum was detected by PCR and positive samples were confirmed by Southern blotting. According to Mpe infection, IgAN patients were divided into positive and negative groups. Association between clinicopatholgical features of IgAN and Mpe infection was examined.Results Significantly higher Mpe positive rate was found in IgAN group as compared to CKD and healthy groups (16.0% vs 2.2% and 1.1%, P＜0.01). In Mpe positive group, 42.1% patients presented macroscopic hematuria, which was significantly higher than that in Mpe negative group (P＜0.01). While Mpe negative group had greater proteinuria, higher serum creatinine level, higher Lee grading of pathology compared to Mpe positive group. There were no differences of tubulointerstitial lesions and arteriole hypertrophy between two groups. Conclusions IgAN patients have higher Mpe infection rate than CKD patients and healthy people. Mpe positive IgAN patients have more macroscopic hematuria. Mpe infection may be associated with the pathogenesis of IgAN.

Clinicopathulogic correlation in lupus nephritis:281 eases analysis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations,laboratory findings and renal patho logic changes,as well as their relationships in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).Methods According to the latest classification criteria of lupus nephritis,the clinical manifestations,laboratory findings and renal patho logic changes and their relationships of 281 cases of biopsy proven LN were retrospectively analyzed.Results Totally 281 cases of LN patients were enrolled in total.The ratio of male to female was 1∶9.7.Proteinuria ac companied with hematuria (35.2%) and nephrotie syndrome (33.8%) were the main clinical manifestations. The most common renal pathological change was type Ⅳ LN (35.9%) and type Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ accounting for 89.0% totally.The main pathologic changes of nephrotic syndrome were type Ⅳ and Ⅴ,while those who ac companied with renal dysfunction were mainly type Ⅵ and Ⅳ.Most simple hematuria cases showed mild renal injury.However,type Ⅳ and Ⅴ accounted for 40.4% in the 47 cases of LN whose 24 hours urine protein＜ 1.0 g and with normal renal function.Most severe proteinuria was found in Type Ⅴ and higher serum creatinine and anti-dsDNA antibody level were found in type Ⅵ and Ⅳ.The lowest lever of serum complement 3 (C3) was found in type Ⅳ.The amount of 24 hours urine protein showed negative correlation with semm C3 but positive correlation with serum creatinine.Serum C3 demonstrated negative relationship with serum creatinine and anti-dsDNA antibody,while serum creatinine was positively related to anti-dsDNA antibody level. Conclusion The major renal pathological lesions of LN are type Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ.There are associations be tween clinical and pathological changes,but axe not always consistent.Proteinuria,low serum C3 and high an ti-dsDNA antibody level may provide clue to severe and active LN.Renal biopsy is important in the diagnosis and progression evaluation of LN.