ABSTRACT
In this study, we investigated for the first time the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of crude polysaccharide (PSHT) extracted from green marine algae Halimeda tuna. PSHT exhibited anti-oxidant activity in vitro through scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl free radical, reducing Fe3+/ferricyanide complex, and inhibiting nitric oxide. PSHT maintained the erythrocyte membrane integrity and prevented hemolysis. Our results also showed that PSHT exerted a significant anti-edematic effect in vivo by decreasing advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde levels and increasing the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat's paw model and erythrocytes. Interestingly, PSHT increased the viability of murine RAW264.7 macrophages and exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells by decreasing pro-inflammatory molecule levels, including nitric oxide, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Our findings indicate that PSHT could be used as a potential immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-hemolytic, and anti-oxidant agent. These results could be explained by the computational findings showing that polysaccharide building blocks bound both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and TNF-α with acceptable affinities.
Subject(s)
Chlorophyta , Seaweed , Rats , Mice , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Seaweed/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Cell Line , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Chlorophyta/metabolism , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolismABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the potentiality of a mineral and antioxidant-rich methanolic extract of the red marine alga Falkenbergia rufolanosa (FRE) against methyl-thiophanate (MT)-induced toxicity in adult rats. The animals were allocated into four groups: controls, MT (300 mg/kg), MT + FRE, and FRE-treated group for 7 days. Our results demonstrated severe mineral perturbations due to MT treatment, especially in calcium and phosphorus levels in plasma, urine, and bone. Similarly, the hematological analysis revealed increased red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells associated with striking genotoxicity. Interestingly, a significant rise in lipid peroxidation and advanced oxidation protein products level in erythrocytes and bone were noted. Meanwhile, a depletion of the antioxidant status in both tissues occurred. These biochemical alterations were in harmony with DNA degradation and histological variation in bone and blood. In the other trend, data showed that treatment with alga improved MT-induced hematotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress in the blood and bone. Osteo-mineral metabolism and bone histo-architecture were also noted. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that the red alga Falkenbergia rufolanosa is a potent source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents, as revealed by the in vitro analysis.
ABSTRACT
This work was intended to prepare biodegradable and edible films from polysaccharide extracted from Hammada scoparia leaves (named PSP) and reinforced by poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Four films with different ratios of PSP/PVA: P1 (70:30), P2 (50:50), FP3 (30:70) and pure PVA (100 % PVA) were prepared and characterized in terms of structural (FT-IR), physical (Thickness, solubility and swelling index), optical and thermal properties (TGA). The antioxidant activities of different films were determined in vitro and evaluated in vivo through the examination of wound healing capability. Data revealed that the film P1 displayed the highest antioxidant activity in vitro and accelerated significantly the wound healing, after sixteen days of treatment, attested by higher wound appearance scores and a higher content of collagen (765.924 ± 4.44 mg/g of tissue) confirmed by histological examination, when compared with control, CYTOL CENTELLA® and pure PVA-treated groups. Overall, these results demonstrated that PSP/PVA based films exhibited a higher wound healing potential confirmed with the high antioxidant activities in vitro.
Subject(s)
Scoparia , Animals , Polysaccharides , Polyvinyl Alcohol , Rats , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Wound HealingABSTRACT
This work aimed to the development of chitosan and protein isolate composite hydrogels, for carotenoids-controlled delivery and wound healing. By increasing the concentration of the protein isolate, chitosan hydrogels were more elastic at a protein isolate concentration not exceeding 15% (w/w). Chitosan-protein isolate composite hydrogels revealed low cytotoxicity towards MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Thanks to its appropriate structural, swelling and mechanical resistance properties, chitosan hydrogel (3%; w/v), reinforced with 15% (w/w) of protein isolate, was selected for the carotenoids in vitro release study. Release profiles, show delivery patterns, where carotenoids were more barely released at a pH 7.4 medium (p < .05), compared to more acidic microenvironments (pH 4.0 and pH 2.0). Thus, developed hydrogels could be applied as pH-sensitive intelligent carriers, for drugs-controlled release, with interesting antioxidant abilities. The in vivo healing potential of hydrogels in rats' models was further studied. Topical application of hydrogel-based patches allowed the acceleration of wound healing and the complete healing, for composite hydrogel enriched with carotenoids.
Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology , Brachyura/metabolism , Carotenoids/chemistry , Chitosan/chemistry , Hydrogels/chemistry , Shellfish Proteins/chemistry , Wound Healing/drug effects , Animals , Antioxidants/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Carotenoids/metabolism , Carotenoids/pharmacology , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Drug Liberation , Humans , Hydrogels/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Solubility , TemperatureABSTRACT
Hydrogels properties open up many possibilities for medical applications. In the present study, protein drug insulin was selected as a model drug to test the in vitro release behavior of hydrogels based on blue crab chitosan (Cs) and red marine macroalga Falkenbergia rufolanosa polysaccharide (FRP). The FRP/Cs composed hydrogels were characterized in terms of structural, morphological, thermal and antioxidant properties. Data revealed that FRP addition enhanced the water holding capacity and the water uptake percentages, as well as the textural behavior. Moreover, the prepared hydrogels are simultaneous sensitive to pH, ionic strength and temperature as demonstrated in the swelling ratio test. Additionally, hydrogels at pH 1.2 PBS underwent greater degradation, compared to samples immersed in pH 7.4 PBS. Similarly, the kinetics of insuline release, through the FRP/Cs composed hydrogels exhibited higher released amounts in acidic systems. Through this study, the prepared hydrogels provided suitable and promising microenvironment in drugs delivery.
Subject(s)
Chitosan/chemistry , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Hydrogels/chemistry , Insulin/chemistry , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Animals , Brachyura/chemistry , Delayed-Action Preparations/chemical synthesis , Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry , Drug Carriers/chemical synthesis , Drug Liberation , Free Radical Scavengers/chemical synthesis , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Hydrogels/chemical synthesis , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Rhodophyta/chemistryABSTRACT
A novel polysaccharide extracted from green algae Chaetomorpha linum (PS) was characterized, using infrared spectroscopy, HPLC-FID, gel filtration high-pressure chromatography, thin layer chromatography and spectrum visible UV. Natural antioxidant potential of PS was evaluated based on DPPH free radical, ferrous iron-chelating, ß carotene bleaching inhibition activities and DNA nicking assay. Functional properties were estimated based on Water Holding Capacity (WHC), Oil Holding Capacity (OHC), emulsifying activity and foaming ability. Overall, data showed attractive chemical, functional and biological properties with an antioxidant capacity of PS in beef sausages during storage for 12 days. Indeed, as compared to standard formulation (with addition of vitamin C), samples formulated with PS presented lower values in terms of lipid oxidation (TBARS, MetMb), while preserving color properties compared with untreated samples. Furthermore, lower changes in pH, moisture, and the highest values of heme iron were obtained. Successful inhibition of microbial proliferation was proved. Endowed with high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, PS could thus be used as a natural conservative in functional foods.
Subject(s)
Biological Products/chemistry , Biological Products/pharmacology , Food Additives , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Red Meat , Seaweed/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Biological Products/isolation & purification , Cattle , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Heme/chemistry , Metals/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredABSTRACT
As part of our interest in halogenobismuthate(iii) organic-inorganic hybrid materials, a novel compound named bis(4,4'-diammoniumdiphenylsulfone) hexadecaiodotetrabismuthate(III) tetrahydrate with the chemical formula (C12H14N2O2S)2[Bi4I16]·4H2O, abbreviated as (H2DDS)[Bi4I16], has been prepared by a slow evaporation method at room temperature. This compound was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), spectroscopic measurements, thermal study and antimicrobial activity. The examination of the molecular arrangement shows that the crystal packing can be described as made of layers of organic [C12H14N2O2S]2+ entities and H2O molecules, between which tetranuclear [Bi4I16]4- units, isolated from each other, are inserted. The cohesion among the different molecules is assured by N-Hâ¯I, N-Hâ¯O and O-Hâ¯I hydrogen bonding interactions, forming a three-dimensional network. Room temperature IR, Raman spectroscopy of the title compound were recorded and analyzed. The optical properties were also investigated by both UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Moreover, the synthesized compound was also screened for in vitro antimicrobial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and antioxidant activities (scavenging effect on DPPH free radicals, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity).
ABSTRACT
This work was conducted to evaluate the compatibility between physicochemical, antioxidant and morphological properties of polysaccharide (FRP) extracted from red marine alga Falkenbergia rufolanosa reinforced by poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composed films at different ratios of FRP/PVA: F1 (70:30), F2 (50:50), F3 (30:70) and PVA (100% PVA) and the potential wound healing effects. As assessed, FRP/PVA prepared films were heterogeneous, slightly opaque with a rough surface as ascertained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and colorimetric parameters. Even, X-ray diffraction and glass transition results revealed a semi-crystalline structure of FRP composed films which decreased with increasing PVA ratios. The antioxidant activities of composite films depicted that F1 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in vitro. Therefore, F1 was found to promote significantly the wound healing, after eight days of treatment, evidenced by higher wound appearance scores and a higher content of collagen (885.12⯱â¯20.35â¯mg/g of tissue) confirmed by histological examination, when compared with control, CYTOL BASIC® and PVA-treated groups. All together, the marine-derived polysaccharide gave a substantial pledge for the development of biodegradable films as a potent antioxidant material and a promising agent for tissue regeneration.
Subject(s)
Burns/physiopathology , Lasers/adverse effects , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Polyvinyl Alcohol/chemistry , Rhodophyta/chemistry , Wound Healing/drug effects , Animals , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Burns/etiology , Burns/metabolism , Burns/pathology , Collagen/metabolism , Female , Hydroxyproline/metabolism , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Wistar , SolubilityABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of a polysaccharide extracted from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) (FWEP) against insecticide-thiamethoxam (TMX)-induced hepatotoxicity. Obtained data exhibited potent antioxidant and antibacterial potentialities. On other trend, in vivo, adult female rats were divided into four groups: controls; TMX (100 mg/kg of body weight); TMX + FWEP at two graded doses, respectively (100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight) for 30 d. Up to TMX treatment, our data showed a significant increase in plasma markers of hepatotoxicity including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, which is coordinated with decline in total protein and albumin levels. Remarkably, a clear sign of genotoxicity was delivered by total disruption in hematological parameters and micronucleus (MN) test shown by severe chromatin degradation. These data were also associated with oxidative stress set up, histological and DNA injuries. However, co-administration with FWEP succeeded significantly in a dose-dependent manner in reducing and healing liver's hematological and genotoxic induced by TMX injuries.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy , DNA Damage/drug effects , Environmental Pollutants/toxicity , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Thiamethoxam/toxicity , Trigonella/chemistry , Animals , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/genetics , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Rats, Wistar , Seeds/chemistryABSTRACT
The risk of pesticides on the human health and environment has drawn increasing attention. Today, new tools are developed to reduce pesticide adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity induced by, thiamethoxam (TMX), and the cytoprotective effect of a novel polysaccharide, named fenugreek seed water polysaccharide (FWEP) in vitro using H9c2 cardiomyoblastes and in vivo using Wistar rat model. Animals were assigned into four groups per eight rats each: group 1 served as a control group, group 2 received TMX, group 3, and group 4 received both FWEP and TMX tested at two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively). Regarding the in vitro study, our results demonstrated that TMX induced a decrease in H9c2 cell viability up to 70% with the highest concentration. In vivo, TMX injection induced marked heart damage noted by a significant increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, troponin-T, aspartate amino transferase activities, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Concomitant alterations in cardiac antioxidant defense system revealed depletion in the levels of glutathione and non-protein thiol and an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Similarly, a significant increase in heart lipid, malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein product and in protein carbonyls levels was also noted. In addition, heart tissues histo-architecture displayed major presence of apoptosis and necrosis as confirmed by DNA degradation. However, supplementation with FWEP alleviated heart oxidative damage and genotoxicity. In this manner, ABTS radical-scavenging activity, linoleic acid oxidation tests and heart genomic and DNA nicking assay had proved FWEP strong antioxidant potential. In conclusion, FWEP provided significant protection against TMX-induced heart injury, and could be a useful and efficient agent against cardiotoxicity and atherosclerosis.
Subject(s)
Cardiotoxicity/drug therapy , DNA Damage/drug effects , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Polysaccharides/administration & dosage , Trigonella/chemistry , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Cardiotoxicity/etiology , Cardiotoxicity/genetics , Cardiotoxicity/metabolism , Catalase/metabolism , Cholesterol/metabolism , Female , Glutathione/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Humans , Male , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/etiology , Myocardial Infarction/genetics , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Seeds/chemistry , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Thiamethoxam/adverse effects , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolismABSTRACT
The present study aims to investigate the physicochemical and the structural features of polysaccharide isolated from the red marine macro alga Chondrus canaliculatus (C.C.P) using FT-IR, gel filtration high-pressure chromatograph, HPLC-FID and solid state 13C NMR analysis. C.C.P was even more tested in vitro for its potential antioxidant properties and in vivo for its hemato-nephroprotective effects against fungicide - maneb (MB) - induced toxicity. Animals treated for 20â¯days were allocated into six groups per six rats each: group 1 served as vehicle control, group 2 received MB, group 3 received MBâ¯+â¯C.C.P (100â¯mg/kg), group 4â¯MBâ¯+â¯C.C.P (200â¯mg/kg), group 5 and 6 used as a positive control groups receiving only C.C.P; one 100 and the other 200â¯mg/kg, respectively. After MB injection, our data displayed a significant disruption in all hematological parameters associated with clear signs of nephrotoxicity. However, co-treatment with C.C.P at two graded doses led to an effective healing process against MB's hematological, biochemical, and histological kidney's oxidative injuries. In summary, our data suggest that C.C.P could be a prospective potent antioxidant, nephro and hemato-protective agent.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Hematology , Kidney/pathology , Maneb/toxicity , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Seaweed/chemistry , Animals , Biphenyl Compounds/chemistry , Blood Cell Count , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Chelating Agents/pharmacology , Female , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Kidney/drug effects , Leukocyte Count , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Metals/isolation & purification , Molecular Weight , Monosaccharides/analysis , Picrates/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Rats, Wistar , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , beta Carotene/metabolismABSTRACT
A novel polysaccharide named Fenugreek Water-Soluble Polysaccharide (FWSP), consisting of a gluconic acid polymer, was isolated from fenugreek seeds. It was structurally characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC), and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. FT-IR and NMR spectra showed the characteristic bands of polysaccharides. According to XRD spectrum, FWSP is a semi-crystalline polymer. Functional properties of FWSP were investigated based on Water Holding Capacity (WHC), Oil Holding Capacity (OHC), emulsification activity, and foaming ability. FWSP was capable of emulsifying several food-grade oils and hydrophobic compounds, especially corn oil and hexane. The effects of FWSP on oxidative processes in beef sausages during refrigerated (4°C) storage was investigated. The results showed significant inhibition (p<0.05) of lipid and myoglobin oxidation and provided evidence that FWSP is a potent and useful antioxidant for maintaining storage stability of beef sausages, and could replace vitamin C currently used as antioxidant in industry process.