ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyse the trends in socioeconomic inequalities in induced abortion during the pre-crisis and crisis periods in the postcodes of two major cities of Spain. Ecological regression model showed that rates of induced abortion tended to increase between the two pre-crisis periods, but remained stable between the second pre-crisis period and the crisis period. In addition, we observed socioeconomic inequalities in induced abortion in both cities and in all age groups, and that these inequalities persisted across the three study periods.
Subject(s)
Abortion, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Economic Recession/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Cities , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Residence Characteristics , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain , Young AdultABSTRACT
Peer review in the scientific publication is widely used as a method to identify valuable knowledge. Editors have the task of selecting appropriate reviewers. We assessed the reasons given by potential reviewers for declining a request to review, and the factors associated with acceptance, taking into account the difference in the sex of the reviewer. This is a descriptive study of the review requests from a public health journal (Gaceta Sanitaria) with an enforced gender policy. The dependent variables were requests, response to requests, reasons potential reviewers gave for declining requests and time to review. We carried out a descriptive analysis of these indicators and applied logistic regression to analyze factors (professional and research/review experience) associated with having done at least one review in 2014-2015. Results were stratified by sex. Journal editors sent 1,775 requests to 773 potential reviewers; 52.3% of whom reviewed at least one manuscript. Of the 396 declined requests (22.3%), the most common reasons were lack of time and of experience (88.1%). No differences were observed by sex. In the multivariate analysis, having reviewed for the journal in previous years showed the strongest association with acceptance. Specific analyses of data on requests reviewers may be useful for improving the acceptance rates to review. This study did not show gender differences in several indicators of the reviewing process.
Subject(s)
Peer Review, Research/standards , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Periodicals as Topic/standards , Public Health , Editorial Policies , Humans , Professionalism , Qualitative Research , Sex Factors , Sexism/statistics & numerical data , Spain , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Fundamentos: La búsqueda de indicadores apropiados para estimar el riesgo de lesiones por tráfico es actualmente un área de interés relevante. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una descripción de la morbilidad hospitalaria y la mortalidad por lesiones por tráfico en la Comunidad de Madrid, según edad y sexo, utilizando y comparando entre sí tasas por población, por personas-km y por personas-horas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en la Comunidad de Madrid referido al período 2003-2005. Se estimaron y compararon por edad y sexo tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad por población, por personas-km recorridos y por personas-horas de desplazamiento. Se utilizaron como fuentes de información el Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos Hospitalarios de 2003-2005, la Encuesta Domiciliaria de Movilidad de 2004 en la Comunidad de Madrid y el registro de mortalidad del Instituto de Estadística de la Comunidad de Madrid. Resultados: Se identificaron 7.413 altas hospitalarias y 1.046 defunciones. Las tasas poblacionales de morbilidad hospitalaria y mortalidad fueron de 62,24 y 9,20/100.000 habitantes respectivamente en hombres, y de 23,80 y 2,97/100.000 en mujeres, siendo las más elevadas en varones de 16-24 años (119,27 altas y 12,00 fallecidos por 100.000 habitantes). Las tasas por exposición más altas correspondieron a mujeres de 65 y más años: 649,78 altas y 96,72 fallecidas por 109 km, y 13,11 altas y 1,95 fallecidas por 106 horas de desplazamiento. Conclusiones: La morbi-mortalidad fue mayor en hombres en todos los indicadores. Los indicadores basados en la exposición a la movilidad, frente a las tasas poblacionales, reducen la morbi-mortalidad de lesiones por tráfico en hombres y en edades jóvenes y aumentan la misma en edades avanzadas (AU)
Background: The search of suitable indicators for estimating the risk of road traffic injuries is nowadays a relevant topic. The objective of this study was to carry out a comparative description of mortality and in hospital morbidity by age and sex, using population rates and mobility exposure related indicators. Methods: Cross sectional study in the Community of Madrid, 2003-2005. Population rates and mortality and morbidity rates per billion of persons-kilometers travelled and per million of persons-hours travelled were estimated and compared by age and sex. The Minimum Basic Hospital Discharge Data Set, the 2004 Mobility House Survey of the Community of Madrid and the mortality register of the Statistic Institute of the Community of Madrid were used as information sources. Results: 7,413 hospital discharges and 1,046 deaths were identified. Morbidity and mortality population rates in men were 62.24 and 9.20 respectively, and in women 23.80 and 2.97 per 100,000 inhabitants, being the highest rates those for men aged 16-24 years (119.27 hospital discharges and 12.00 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants). Women of 65 years and older showed the highest mobility related rates: 649.78 hospital discharges and 96.72 deaths per 109 km, and 13.11 hospital discharges and 1.95 deaths per 106 travelled hours. Conclusions: Morbidity and mortality were higher in men for the three indicators. Rates referred to mobility exposure, faced to population rates, decrease mortality and morbidity due to road traffic injuries in men and young ages and increase both in advanced ages (AU)