ABSTRACT
Laser filters and color filters used in slit-lamp delivery have been developed by the rugate approach to improve color rendering of illumination for retinal photocoagulation. The double-notch laser filter is designed according to the required laser lines and incident angle. Based on the transmission spectrum of a double-notch laser filter and the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the light source of a slit lamp, a scanning search algorithm is applied to find the optimal transmission spectrum of a multi-notch color filter for the best color rendering index of illumination. Open-source software is used to design the refractive index profile of the rugate filters, which are deposited by the reactive pulse magnetron sputtering. Both the theoretical analysis of SPD of slitlamp delivery with consideration of the deposited rugate filters and the experimental results demonstrate that the color rendering property of illumination can be improved remarkably, thus making fundus observation and retinal laser photocoagulation more reliable and efficient.
Subject(s)
Light Coagulation/instrumentation , Lighting/instrumentation , Refractometry/instrumentation , Retinal Diseases/pathology , Retinal Diseases/surgery , Slit Lamp , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Computer-Aided Design , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Humans , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Angelicin is a furocoumarin found in Psoralea corylifolia L. fruit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective ability of angelicin against inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and LPS-induced in vivo acute lung injury model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in the culture supernatants of RAW 264.7 cells were determined 24 h after LPS administration. ALI was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS. Six hours after LPS inhalation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue samples were obtained for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histologic, and Western blotting analyses. RESULTS: The results showed that pretreatment with angelicin markedly downregulated TNF-α and IL-6 levels in vitro and in vivo, and significantly decreased the amount of inflammatory cells, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and myeloperoxidase activity in LPS-induced ALI mice. Furthermore, Western blotting analysis results demonstrated that angelicin blocked the phosphorylation of IκBα, NF-κBp65, p38 MAPK, and JNK in LPS-induced ALI. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that angelicin was potentially advantageous to prevent inflammatory diseases by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Our data indicated that angelicin might be a potential new agent for prevention of inflammatory reactions and diseases in the clinic.
Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy , Furocoumarins/pharmacology , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects , NF-kappa B/immunology , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced , Acute Lung Injury/immunology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cell Survival/immunology , Disease Models, Animal , Furocoumarins/chemistry , Interleukin-6/metabolism , MAP Kinase Signaling System/immunology , Macrophages/cytology , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Pneumonia/chemically induced , Pneumonia/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
We present the nonpolarizing resonance properties of two types of one-dimensional (1D) guided-mode resonance (GMR) gratings consisting of the sinusoidal-profile grating substrate and the conformal dielectric thin films. The optimization with respect to the grating height and the phase of the conformal graded-index layer is important for the design of nonpolarizing type-I GMR gratings. The thin films design of the conformal step-index multilayer and the optimization with respect to the grating height are of two critical steps to obtain the nonpolarizing type-II GMR gratings. Both of the two types of nonpolarizing GMR gratings can be designed to support single-mode resonance and multimode resonance under normal incidence.
