Prevalence of sickness presenteeism and associated factors among primary school teachers in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Sickness presenteeism, the phenomenon of people going to work despite being ill, is an occupational and psychosocial condition that hurts both the health of workers and organizational productivity. It negatively affects health, increases health-related costs, and the risk of contagious diseases. Primary school teachers are particularly vulnerable to this problem, although little is known about its scope and associated factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sickness presenteeism among school teachers in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed and the study period was from April 18 to May 18, 2023. A sample of 633 primary school teachers was recruited using two-stage stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires. Epi-data version 4.6 and STATA version 14 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used. A multivariable logistic regression model with an adjusted odds ratio was fitted for statistical significance. Results: A total of 603 school teachers participated in this study, with a response rate of 95.26%. The overall prevalence of sickness presenteeism in the last 12 months was 54.7% (N = 330) [95% CI (50.9, 58.7)]. Private school teachers [AOR: 2.21, 95% CI (1.14, 4.28)], low supervisor support [AOR: 1.53, 95% CI (1.06, 2.20)], lack of staff replacement availability [AOR: 2.74, 95% CI (1.85, 4.06)], low colleague support [AOR: 2.17, 95% CI (1.40, 3.37)], unsuitable household conditions [AOR: 1.49, 95% CI (1.08, 2.34)], and strict attendance control [AOR: 2.54, 95% CI (1.67, 3.85)] were factors significantly associated with sickness presenteeism. Conclusion: The prevalence of sickness presenteeism was relatively high among primary school teachers because of factors such as low support from supervisors and colleagues, strict attendance control, lack of staff replacement, unsuitable household conditions, and private school type. Strategies to promote teachers' health include fostering a culture of support and collaboration among colleagues, recruiting adequate staff, and implementing liberal attendance policies.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among weavers working in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: cross-sectional study design.

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common public health problems throughout the world. It is a major cause of occupational injury, illness, and disability that leads to an increased rate of sick leave, financial costs for both individuals and society and the health care system. Weavers are among the populations exposed to musculoskeletal disorders due to a lack of occupational safety, health services, and poor working conditions. Yet, little is known about WMSD among weavers in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among weavers. METHOD: A multi-centered institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia among 424 weavers with a response rate of 97.7%. Participants were recruited randomly after proportional allocation was done for each institution and face-to-face interviews were employed to collect data using a well-structured questionnaire adopted from the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and different literature. The data were entered into Epidata and analyzed using SPSS version (Choobineh A, Lahmi M, Shahnavaz H, Khani Jazani R, Hosseini M. Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 10:157-68, 2004). Variables with a P-value < 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Finally, variables with an AOR, a 95% confidence interval, and a P-value of < 0.05 were reported. RESULT: The annual prevalence rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among weavers was 76.3% [CI = 72.2 to 80.2%]. Longer working hours [AOR = 3.48, CI = (1.96-6.21)] lack of back support during sitting [AOR = 2.50 (1.293-4.480)], having repetitive movement in weaving [AOR = 4.11(2.029-8.324)], attaining awkward posture [AOR = 3.37(1.875-6.059)] and job stress [AOR = 4.37(2.447-7.816)] was significantly associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high prevalence of WMSDs among weavers. Our study findings reported that longer working hours, lack of back support during sitting, having repetitive movement in weaving attaining awkward posture, and having job stress were significantly associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Health-related quality of life and associated factors among primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy, in Bahir Dar and Gondar cities, Ethiopia, 2022.

BACKGROUND: Caring for a child with cerebral palsy (CP) could negatively affect the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of the mothers who are usually the primary caregivers. To the best of our 'knowledge, there is a dearth of information on the HRQOL of primary caregivers of children with CP in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate caregivers' HRQOL and factors associated with it in Gondar and Bahir Dar Cities, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among primary caregivers of Children with CP from April 20 to June 20, 2022, in Gondar and Bahir Dar cities. Convenience sampling was used to get study participants. Data were collected by trained health extension and community-based rehabilitation workers. The collected data were coded, cleaned, entered into EPI data, and exported to Stata-16 for analysis. A generalized linear model was employed to show the relationship between dependent and independent variables. A P-value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. RESULT: In this study, HRQOL among primary caregivers of children with CP was 28.72(±13.38) and 23.26(±12.37) in the physical summary score (PSC) and mental summary score (MSC) respectively. Age 17-30yeas (p-value = 0.03), unable to read and write (p = 0.01), privately employed (p = 0.01) and government employed (p = 0.02), monthly income<1000 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) (p = 0.01), insufficient sleeping (p = 0.001), others relationship(p = 0.001), have three and above children (p = 0.001), others house composition (p = 0.003), have no helpers (p = 0.001) and third birth order of child (p = 0.03) were all factors associated with HRQOL in PSC. On the other hand, income<1000ETB (p = 0.05), insufficient sleeping (p = 0.001), others in relation to the child (p = 0.001), others in house composition (p = 0.03), dyskinetic CP (p = 0.01) and ataxic CP (p = 0.001) were all factors associated with HRQOL of caregivers in MSC components. CONCLUSION: The HRQOL among primary caregivers of children with CP in Bahir Dar and Gondar cities was low. Age, monthly income, educational status, sleeping status, relationship and house composition, number of living children, birth order of child, helpers, and type of CP were all significantly associated with HRQOL of primary caregivers of children with CP.

Correction: Immunization coverage and its associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis studies.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299384.].

Immunization coverage and its associated factors among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis studies.

BACKGROUND: Immunization estimated to prevent 2 to 3 million children deaths every year from vaccine preventable disease. In Ethiopia, limited and inconclusive studies have been conducted on immunization coverage so far. Therefore, this umbrella review was intended to estimate the pooled national immunization coverage and its associated factors among children age 12-23 months in Ethiopia. METHODS: This umbrella review included five systematic reviews and meta-analyses through literature search from PubMed, Science direct, and web of science, CINHALE, and data bases specific to systematic reviews such as the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Prospero, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews from May 1 to 30/ 2023. Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in English from inception to May 1, 2023, were included. The quality of each study was assessed using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. Data were extracted using Microsoft excel 2016 and analyzed using STATA 17.0 statistical software. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Cochran Q statistics and I2 test. The pooled effect sizes were determined using pooled proportion for the full vaccination coverage and odds ratios for the associated factors with the corresponding 95% confidence interval were used to declare statically significance. RESULTS: Five studies with 77,161 children aged 12-23 months were included. The overall pooled full vaccination coverage was 57.72% (95% CI 50.17, 65.28). Institutional delivery (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.78-2.52), travel to vaccination site for <2 hours (OR: 2.43, 95%CI: 1.97-3.00), received at least one antenatal (ANC) visit (OR: 3.2, 95%CI: 2.46-4.1), good maternal knowledge of immunization (OR: 3.63, 95%CI: 2.82-4.67), being informed on immunization schedule (OR: 2.54, 95%CI: 2.02-3.2), living in urban areas (OR: 2, 95% CI: 1.54-2.6), and a household visit by health-care providers (HCP) during the postnatal period (OR: 2.23, 95%CI: 1.22-4.09) were the independent predictors of immunization coverage. CONCLUSION: This study showed the full immunization coverage in Ethiopia was lower compared to the WHO-recommended level. Besides, the current umbrella review identifies several factors that contribute to higher immunization coverage. These includes; institutional delivery, near to vaccination site, having ANC visit, being urban residence, household visited by HCP, having good knowledge and informed on immunization schedule. Thus, the government should intensify the growth of immunization services by emphasizing outreach initiatives to reach remote areas and professionals must combine child immunization service with other medical services offered by health institutions.

Functional disability and its associated factors among community- dweller older adults living in Gondar Town, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Functional disability is an emerging public health concern that has an impact on the health and quality of life of older adults. If functional disability recognized early, it will be possible to support them to live independently. Although functional disability is extensively researched in developed countries; studies are scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of functional disability in activities of daily living among older adults in Gondar town, Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2022. Multistage sampling techniques were used to recruit 607 older adults aged 60 years and older. A pre-tested interview-administered questionnaire was used to assess functional disability in basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living using the Katz Index and Lawton scale, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were employed. The findings of the study were presented by descriptive statistics and an adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: The prevalence of functional disability in basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living among older adults was 34.5% and 54.4, respectively. Age 80 and older [AOR = 2.41, CI (1.41-4.10)], low-income status [AOR = 2.58, CI (1.50-4.46)], multimorbidity [AOR = 2.97, CI (1.92-4.60)], depression [AOR = 2.97, CI (1.63-5.40)], and low level of physical activity [AOR = 3.31, CI (2.11-5.17)] were associated with basic activities of daily living. Age 80 and older (AOR = 3.11, CI = 1.94-5.00), multimorbidity [AOR = 3.06, CI (2.10-4.46)], and depression [AOR = 3.52, CI (2.10-4.46)] were associated with instrumental activities of daily living. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Our study finding revealed that functional disability affects a large number of older adult residents. The age group of 80 years and older, low-income status, a low level of physical activity, multimorbidity, and depression were associated with basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Therefore, health interventions designed to increase older adults' level of physical activity, management of multimorbidity, and depression, more care for elders 80 years and older, and supporting older adults financially for health insurance coverage could be an important strategy to reduce functional disability among older adults.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the second wave of the pandemic among university students in Ethiopia: application of the health belief model.

Background: The first case of COVID-19 virus was reported in Africa on 14 February 2020. The pandemic became more aggressive in the continent during the second wave than the first wave. Promoting vaccination behavior is an unparalleled measure to curb the spread of the pandemic. Regarding this, the health belief model (HBM) is the major model for understanding health behaviors. This study aimed to examine predictors of intended COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the second wave of the pandemic among university students in Ethiopia using HBM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 randomly selected medical and health science students at the University of Gondar from 21 August to 15 September 2020. Analysis of data was performed using STATA 14.0. Linear regression analysis was applied and a p value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: Among the total participants, 293 [72.2% (95.0%: CI: 67.2-76.8)] of them scored above the mean of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. HBM explained nearly 46.3% (adjusted R2 = 0.463) variance in intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Year of study (ß = 0.288; 95% CI: 0.144-0.056), using social media (ß = 0.58; 95% CI: 1.546-2.804), existing chronic disease (ß = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.042-0.433), perceived overall health condition (ß = 0.117; 95% CI: 0.307-0.091), perceived susceptibility (ß = 0.58; 95% CI: 1.546-2.804), perceived benefit (ß = 0.338; 95% CI: 1.578-2.863), and cues to action (ß = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.388-0.99) were significantly associated with intended COVID-19 vaccine acceptance at p value < 0.5. Conclusion: Approximately, three-quarters of the participants were above the mean score of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, which is higher compared to previous reports in resource-limited settings. Interventions in this study setting chould include placing emphasis on the risks of acquiring COVID-19, enhancing perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination and improving cues to action by advocating COVID-19 vaccination. Our findings also implied that social media health campaigns are significant factor in COVID-19 vaccination behavioral change in this study setting.

Physical Activity and Its Associated Factors among Patients with Hypertension at Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialised Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Accurate evaluation of physical activity for patients with hypertension is important to determine patients' health outcomes and intervention measures. Information about physical activity among patients with hypertension in Ethiopia is not well known. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the physical activity and associated factors among patients with hypertension. STUDY DESIGN: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. STUDY SETTING: The study was conducted at the Tertiary Hospital Northwest, Ethiopia. OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical activity was assessed by Global Physical Activity Questionnaire as the primary outcome and factors significantly associated with physical activity were secondary outcomes. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred and twenty patients with hypertension took part in the study; among those 233 were men and 187 were women. The study participants were chosen using a systematic random sampling method. SPSS V.20 statistical software was used to analyse the data. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis model, adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI and p value<0.05 were used to identify the associated factors with physical activities. RESULTS: Our study showed that 19.1% of study participants had inadequate physical activity, being old age with AOR: 10.27 (3.21 to 33.01), low or poor self-efficacy with AOR: 10.34 (4.89 to 21.84), poor self-rated health with AOR: 5.91 (1.73 to 20.13) and lack of adequate facilities with AOR: 4.07 (1.72 to 9.66) were significantly associated with inadequate physical activity. CONCLUSION: Inadequate physical activity was detected in one-fifth of the study participants, according to our research. Being elderly, having low self-efficacy, having inadequate facilities and having poor self-rated health were all linked to inadequate physical activity.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cognitive Impairment Among Stroke Survivors at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: Multi-Centered Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Deficit in cognitive impairment is the most serious of the stroke sequelae. Post-stroke cognitive impairment is associated with impaired daily living activities and decreased capacity for independent living and functional performance. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive impairment among stroke survivors at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Ethiopia's Amhara region by 2022. Methods: A multi-centered cross-sectional study was designed at an institution. During the study period. Data was gathered by conducting structured questionnaire interviews with participants and reviewing medical charts with trained data collectors. The participants were chosen using a systematic random sampling technique. The Montreal cognitive assessment basic was used to assess cognitive impairment. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyze the data. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to assess the fitness of the model. The AOR with a P value of 0.05 at 95% CI was reported, and variables were considered statistically significant. Results: This study enrolled 422 stroke survivors. Overall, 58.3% of stroke survivors had cognitive impairment (95% CI 53.4-63.0%). The study participants' age with AOR; 7.12 (4.40-11.45), being hypertensive with AOR; 7.52 (3.46-16.35), arriving at the hospital after 24 hours with AOR; 4.33 (1.49-12.05), less than three months after stroke with AOR; 4.83 (3.95-12.19), dominant hemisphere lesion with AOR; 4.83 (3.95-12.19) and being illiterate with AOR; 5.26 (4.43-18.64) were found significant factors. Conclusion: Cognitive impairment was discovered to be relatively common among stroke survivors in this study. More than half of stroke survivors who attended comprehensive specialized hospitals during the study period were found to have cognitive impairment. Age, hypertension, arriving at the hospital after 24 hours, less than three months after stroke, dominant hemisphere lesion, and illiterate educational status were all significant factors in cognitive impairment.

Magnitude of Satisfaction and Associated Factors Among Caregivers of Children with Disabilities Towards Community-Based Rehabilitation Service in Central and North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

INTRODUCTION: Community-based rehabilitation service (CBR) is a community development strategy set for persons with disabilities and their families. Measuring caregivers' satisfaction is a recommended approach to know the overall satisfaction of rehabilitation service. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of satisfaction and associated factors among caregivers of children with disabilities towards community-based rehabilitation in Central and North Gondar zone, North West Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2020. The data were collected by socio-demographic variables, types of services, types of disabilities, and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). Data analysis was done by SPSS Version-20 statistical software. Descriptive statistics, bi-variable, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were computed. The multivariable logistic regression analysis model a P-value <0.05 was used to identify the associated factors with caregivers' satisfaction. RESULTS: The study showed that the overall caregivers' satisfaction with community-based rehabilitation service among caregivers of children with disabilities was 60.9% (95% CI; 55-66%). Female gender (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.68), older age (AOR: 0.160, 95% CI: 0.03-0.85), being farmer (AOR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05-0.42), North Gondar zone residence (AOR: 7.02, 95% CI: 6.78-8.59), high monthly income (AOR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.09-5.61), got two or more type of service (AOR: 3.65, 95% CI: 2.64-12.39), service duration 8-14 years (AOR: 4.36, 95% CI: 1.44-7.04) and service frequency 5-8 times per month (AOR: 3.91, 95% CI 2.18-7.01) were factors associated with the caregivers' satisfaction on community based-rehabilitation service. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The magnitude of caregivers' satisfaction with community-based rehabilitation services in the study area was more than half. Female gender, older age, being farmer, high monthly income, North Gondar zone residence, the high number of services, duration of services started and frequency of follow-up were factors significantly associated with caregiver's satisfaction.