[Development of a method of studying actual nutrition according to analysis of the frequency of consumption of food products: creation of a questionnaire and general evaluation of the reliability of the method]. / Razrabotka metoda issledovaniia fakticheskogo pitaniia po analizu chastoty potrebleniia pishchevykh produktov: sozdanie voprosnika i obshchaia otsenka dostovernosti metoda.

The method of actual feeding evaluation on frequency of food-stuffs consumption was developed. The method of 24-hour reproduction of a feed and the method of consumed food registration in a diary by testing person himself. The main results of study testified to reliability of data, received by a developed method.

[Dietary intake of different forms of iron and other factors of anemia epidemiology in women of childbearing age in S. Petersburg]. / Potrebleniie razlichnykh form zheleza s pishchei i drugie faktory rasprostraneniia anemii u zhenshchin detorodnogo vozrasta Sankt Peterburga.

Actual nutritional status and dietary intake of different iron forms of the women in Sankt-Peterburg were investigated. The concentration of blood hemoglobin was studied. Signs of deficiency of nutrition of the investigated women were not found both by analysis of foodstuffs and energy intake and by anthropometric estimation of nutritional status.

[Monitoring food consumption and nutritional status of Moscow schoolchildren in 1992-1994. 2. Anthropometric evaluation of nutritional status, effect of social factors on the character and status of nutrition]. / Monitoring potrebleniia pishchi i sostoianiia pitaniia detei-shkol'nikov Moskvy v 1992-1994 gg.

In this part of the study the nutritional status of Moscow's schoolchildren was assessed by height and weight. The anthropometric data were compared with the CDC/WHO international growth references standards by ANTHRO version 1.01 software. The prevalence of low weight-for-age (Z-score < -2) was more frequent in boys of 15 years of age. Low height-for-age was more prevalent in the group of boys of 15 and girls of 10 years of age. In the period under study there was a slight decrease in height and weight of schoolchildren, but this was within the limits of expected normal variation. A few selected socio-economic variables such as parental education, family size, participation in organized sports and use of school breakfast/lunch options were included. The size of the family or whether it is a one- or two-parent household does not seem to influence energy or nutrient intake, nor are the anthropometric variables significantly affected. The more size of family and the lower the father's education than lower the children's total fat intake and intake of energy from fat.

[Nutritional status of native and non-native population of Russia's Extreme North and Far East]. / Fakticheskoe pitanie korennogo i nekorennogo naseleniia raionov Krainevo Severa i Dal'nevo Vostoka.

Daily diets studied in various groups of native and non-native population living in the Far North and East of Russia (Kamchatka, Chukotka, Sakhalin) are shown to be inadequate for the adult capable population. Chemical composition of food provides insufficient supply of vegetable oil, calcium, vitamins, magnesium.

[Research on xenobiotic metabolism for assessing the quality of protein-containing products from plant raw material produced through biotechnology methods]. / Issledovanie metabolizma ksenobiotikov dlia otsenki kachestva beloksoderzhashchikh produktov iz rastitel'nogo syr'ia, poluchaemykh metodami biotekhnologii.

Activity of microsomal hydroxylation and conjugation enzymes was studied in the liver of rats that received food concentrate of protein from sunflower groats (SPC) produced in the USSR, and soya protein isolate (SPI) produced by Ralston Purina, USA. SPC consumption during 3 months was attended by elevation of cytochrome-450 content, and activity of microsomal hydroxylation and uridinephosphate-glucuroniltransferase (UDP-GT) in hepatic microsomes, that may evidence the presence in SPC of chemical compounds of natural origin, or chemical modification of the own amino-acid products. SPI did not influence activity of microsomal hydroxylation enzymes, but it raised UDP-GT activity. Both protein products produced no effect on activity of enzymes associated with glutathione metabolism--glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione-reductase in hepatic cytosol. However, SPC and SPI induced a manifold rise in glutathione-peroxidase activity in cytosol of the liver and blood that indicates the presence of the trace element selenium in the products studied.

[Actual nutrition and biochemical parameters of the food status of workers exposed to chlorobenzene]. / Fakticheskoe pitanie i biokhimicheskie parametry pishchevogo statusa rabochikh, kontaktiruiushchikh s khlorbenzolom.

Workers of two chemical plants exposed to chlorobenzene were examined for actual nutrition and effects of the treatment and prophylactic diet on the food status. Investigation of the actual nutrition has demonstrated that the energy value of the daily diets approaches the magnitudes established for the given occupational and age group whereas the daily distribution of food with respect to the caloric value and alimentary substances does not correspond to the hygienic standards. The treatment and prophylactic diets developed for the workers were also characterized by disproportion between the dietary components. As compared to the control group, the workers exposed to chlorobenzene demonstrated a lower content of total glutathione in blood plasma. The majority of the workers manifested ascorbic acid deficiency. In accordance with the study of the coefficients of the activation of erythrocytic enzymes, it may be concluded that the workers placed on the treatment and prophylactic diet are better provided with vitamins B1, B2 and B6 than the workers of the housing and communal services. Thirty percent of the workers showed vitamin B6 deficiency. This may have an adverse action on the resistance to industrial substances conjugating with glutathione. The rate of vitamin B1 deficiency was also fairly high, whereas in the workers of one of the plants the magnitude of the TDP-effect appeared higher than normal.

[The action of different food factors on the lipid peroxidation processes in the liver microsomes of rats]. / Vozdeistvie razlichnykh pishchevykh faktorov na protsessy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v mikrosomakh pecheni krys.

Three series of experiments were conducted to study the effects of varying food factors on lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity in rat liver microsomes. The food rations contained heat-treated sunflower oil, soybean protein isolate, krill protein concentrate. A long-term intake of heat-treated oxidation products was attended by significant activation of LPO in the enzymatic system, by elevation of cytochrome P-450 level, by increased activity of ethylmorphine N-demethylase and aniline n-hydroxylation. The period of half-inactivation of cytochrome P-450 was significantly shortened in NADPH-dependent LPO. The rate of NADPH-dependent LPO was not significantly different in the animals given equal amounts of soybean protein isolate or casein (control). Activation of NADPH-dependent LPO and induction of cytochrome P-450 were recorded in liver microsomes of the animals given krill protein. The high concentration of cytochrome P-450 (in the homogenate and microsomes) correlated with the acceleration of hydroxylation of standard substrates ethylmorphine and aniline.

[Effect of protein isolated from soya on the biotransformation of xenobiotics in the rat liver]. / Vliianie belkovogo izoliata iz soi na biotransformatsiiu chuzherodnykh veshchestv v pecheni krys.

Processes of biotransformation of xenobiotics in the rat liver at consumption of rations containing caseine (5, 14 or 18%) or 18% of soya protein isolate (SPI). Consumption of SPI caused a decrease of restored glutathione concentration in the liver, an increase of glutathione reductase and a sharp activation of glutathione peroxidase in the liver cytosole. The equalizing of the amount of sulfur-containing amino acids in the ration with 14% of caseine with their amount in the ration containing 18% of SPI was followed by the equalizing of the liver restored glutathione concentration. The enrichment of SPI ration with 0.35% of L-methionine led to an increase of the liver restored glutathione concentration to the level observed at 18% of caseine. The activity of the liver microsomal uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase raised under the influence of SPI.

[Energy expenditures and the actual nutrition of workers in a synthetic leather plant]. / Energeticheskie zatraty i fakticheskoe pitanie rabochikh zavoda sinteticheskikh kozh.

A study was made of energy expenditures and factual nutrition of the workers engaged in synthetic leather manufacture. Antropometric measurements were also taken. Based on the study of daily energy expenditures, the calculations were made of the optimal requirements of the main substances and energy. The actual nutrition of the workers was found to provide the necessary caloricity covering energy expenditures. However, definite shortcomings were revealed in the structure of the foods consumed, namely insufficient intake of vegetable fats, the prevalence of simple sugars in the structure of carbohydrate component, insufficient intake of vitamins A, B1 and folacin. According to the antropometric measurements 30,4% of the examined workers were obese.

[Effect of dimethylformamide on the microsomal hydroxylation system in the liver of rats fed diets with different fat contents]. / Vliianie dimetilformamida na sistemu mikrosomal'nogo gidroksilirovaniia pecheni krys, potrebliavshikh ratsionu s kachestvenno razlichnymi zhirami.

The authors studied the effect of the universal aprotonic solvent dimethylformamide (DFA) on liver microsomal hydroxylation of male rats fed diets with different fats (sunflower oil or lard). DMFA given in a dose of 200 mg/kg bw per os for 4 weeks produced a considerable reduction in cytochrome P-450 content in liver homogenates and microsomes and a lowering of the activity of N-demethylation in microsomes with amidopyrine, ethylmorphine and DMFA being used as substrates. The degree of inhibition of the demethylase reactions and liver cytochrome P-450 content was more demonstrable in rats fed the diet containing sunflower oil as compared with animals whose diet contained lard. During DMFA intoxication, the rate of spontaneous formation of malonic dialdehyde in liver homogenates of rats given sunflower oil was considerably higher than in rats fed the diet with lard. Remarkable coproporphyrinuria was revealed during DMFA intoxication which was more pronounced in rats fed the diet containing sunflower oil. It was demonstrated that the lard-containing diet was marked by a higher vitamin E/polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio (mg/100 g) with regard to alpha-tocopherol acetate added to the diet as compared to the sunflower oil-containing diet. The role of antioxidant properties of the diets in modification of the hepatotoxic action of DMFA is discussed.

[Ascorbic acid supply and cytochrome P-450 levels in guinea pig liver after dimethylformamide poisoning]. / Obespechennost' askorbinovoi kislotoi i uroven' tsitokhroma P-450 v pecheni morskikh svinok pri intoksikatsii dimetilformamidom.

The universal solvent dimethylformamide (DMFA) administered to guinea-pigs in a dose of 400 mg/kg bw per os for 14 days produced a considerable decrease in the content of total and reduced ascorbic acid (AA) in the liver, in all forms of AA in the adrenals, and lowering of vitamin C excretion with daily urine. The liver showed an increase in the concentration of dehydroascorbic acid and diminution of the concentration of cytochrome P-450 detected in liver homogenates. Additional administration of AA (50 mg/day) recovered the lowered level of the vitamin in the liver and adrenals but did not make the daily excretion of AA with urine return to normal. Additional administration of vitamin C to guinea-pigs recovered the level of cytochrome P-450 in liver homogenates, which was reduced during DMFA poisoning. One of the reasons for the development of vitamin C deficiency during DMFA poisoning is likely to be high oxidation of AA.

[Interrelationship of calcium and magnesium in the case of a varying magnesium content in the diet of jaw fracture patients]. / O vzaimootnoshenii kal'tsiia i magniia pri razlichnom soderzhanii magniia v diete u bol'nykh s perelomami cheliustei.

In 12 patients with jaw-bones fractures an investigation of calcium and magnesium metabolism was carried out with a view of elucidating its possible relation to the course of repair of the bone tissue. A reciprocal dependence in the calcium and magnesium ions exchange in lesions of the jaws and an intensified accumulation of these ions by the time of the initial formation of the secondary callus were revealed. Investigations have confirmed the important role of magnesium in the metabolism of the bone tissue and a study of two diets with different magnesium content justified recommending its daiy allowance of about 550 mg for the given patients' population.