Adaptación y validación de un instrumento de evaluación de la competencia del consejo breve para dejar de fumar. BTI-Prof© / Adaptation and validation of an instrument to evaluate the competence on a Brief Tobacco Intervention. BTI-Prof©

Objetivo: Adaptación y validación del BTI-St© para evaluar el nivel de competencia en consejo breve para dejar de fumar en profesionales de medicina y enfermería de Atención Primaria. Diseño: estudio transversal, de adaptación y validación psicométrica de un test referido a criterio. Emplazamiento: Atención Primaria. Participantes: Ciento cincuenta y cinco profesionales de medicina y enfermería de Atención Primaria en activo. Intervenciones: Se diseñaron 3 escenarios clínicos. A través de una plataforma online, los participantes en primer lugar visualizaban cada escenario donde se desarrollaba un consejo breve para dejar de fumar y posteriormente debían valorar si se había realizado de acuerdo con el modelo de las 5A+5R. Mediciones principales: Competencia en el consejo breve para dejar de fumar medida a través del BTI-Prof©. Resultados: Los resultados vinculados a la fiabilidad se obtuvieron mediante el coeficiente Kuder-Richardson y fueron para el escenario 1: 0,880, para el escenario 2: 0,829 y para el escenario 3: 0,826. El test-retest muestra una adecuada estabilidad temporal, con unos coeficientes de correlación intraclase de 0,857 (IC 95%: 0,734-0,923), p<0,0001 para el escenario 1, 0,829 (IC 95%: 0,676-0,909), p<0,001 para el escenario 2 y 0,869 (IC 95%: 0,76-0,928), p<0,0001 para el escenario 3. Conclusiones: El BTI-Prof© es una herramienta robusta, con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para evaluar la competencia en consejo breve para dejar de fumar en profesionales de medicina y enfermería de Atención Primaria.(AU)

Objective: Adaptation and validation of the BTI-St© to assess the level of competence in brief tobacco intervention in general practitioners and nurses in Primary Health Care. Design: Cross-sectional study of adaptation and psychometric validation of a criterion-referenced test. Setting:Primary Health Care. Participants: One hundred fifty-five general practitioners and nurses working at Primary Health Care. Interventions: Three clinical scenarios were designed. Using an online platform, participants first viewed each scenario in which brief tobacco intervention was given. Health professional had to assess whether or not the scenarios were carried out in accordance with the 5A+5R model. Main measures: Competence in brief tobacco intervention measured by the BTI-Prof©. Results: Results related to reliability were obtained through Kuder-Richardson coefficient, being for scenario 1, 0.880, for scenario 2, 0.829, and for scenario 3, 0.826. The test–retest shows adequate temporal stability: intraclass correlation coefficient for scenario 1 0.857 (95% CI 0.734–0.923), p<0.0001, for scenario 2 0.829 (95% CI 0.676–0.909), p<0.001, and for scenario 3 0.869 (95% CI 0.76–0.928), p<0.0001. Conclusions: The BTI-Prof© is a robust tool with adequate psychometric properties to assess competence in brief tobacco intervention in Primary Health Care general practitioners and nurses.(AU)

[Adaptation and validation of an instrument to evaluate the competence on a Brief Tobacco Intervention. BTI-Prof©]. / Adaptación y validación de un instrumento de evaluación de la competencia del consejo breve para dejar de fumar. BTI-Prof©.

OBJECTIVE: Adaptation and validation of the BTI-St© to assess the level of competence in brief tobacco intervention in general practitioners and nurses in Primary Health Care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of adaptation and psychometric validation of a criterion-referenced test. SETTING: Primary Health Care. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty-five general practitioners and nurses working at Primary Health Care. INTERVENTIONS: Three clinical scenarios were designed. Using an online platform, participants first viewed each scenario in which brief tobacco intervention was given. Health professional had to assess whether or not the scenarios were carried out in accordance with the 5A+5R model. MAIN MEASURES: Competence in brief tobacco intervention measured by the BTI-Prof©. RESULTS: Results related to reliability were obtained through Kuder-Richardson coefficient, being for scenario 1, 0.880, for scenario 2, 0.829, and for scenario 3, 0.826. The test-retest shows adequate temporal stability: intraclass correlation coefficient for scenario 1 0.857 (95% CI 0.734-0.923), p<0.0001, for scenario 2 0.829 (95% CI 0.676-0.909), p<0.001, and for scenario 3 0.869 (95% CI 0.76-0.928), p<0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: The BTI-Prof© is a robust tool with adequate psychometric properties to assess competence in brief tobacco intervention in Primary Health Care general practitioners and nurses.

[Evidence-Based Practice competency and associated factors among Primary Care nurses in Spain]. / Competencia en Práctica Basada en la Evidencia y factores asociados en las enfermeras de Atención Primaria en España.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) competency level in Primary Care (PC) nurses in Spain and to determine the associated factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, national survey design, carried out between January and March 2020. SETTING: PC in Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred eighty PC active nurses in the National Health Service with at least one year of professional experience. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: (1) Sociodemographic, professional and access to scientific information variables; (2) outcome variable: EBP competency (attitude, knowledge, skills and utilization) assessed through the EBP-COQ Prof© questionnaire. Bivariate and multiple lineal regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS: The mean score for the EBP competency of the PC nurses was 131.5 (standard deviation [SD] 17.0), according to dimensions: attitude 36.8 (SD 3.6); knowledge 38.2 (SD 8.9); skills 23.0 (SD 3.5); and utilization 33.3 (SD 6.1). The number of articles read in the last month has showed the most influence on all the EBP-COQ Prof© dimensions, followed by EBP training (more than 150h) and nursing students mentoring. The education level (master, specialist and doctorate) is associated with knowledge and skills dimensions, meanwhile belonging to a BPSO® center is associated with the EBP utilization. CONCLUSIONS: These findings can guide PC service managers to plan strategies that improve the EBP competency level of the nurses, aimed mainly at achieving real application in clinical practice. However, it is necessary to consider the possible impact of selection bias on the results.

Evidence-based practice nurses' competency: Spanish national survey and establishment of a scale of the EBP-COQ-Prof©.

AIMS: To discover the level of evidence-based practice competency of Spanish nurses, to develop a scale of the EBP-COQ-Prof© and to analyse the influence of different variables on the level of competency. BACKGROUND: The evidence-based practice competency has previously been assessed using a wide variety of instruments, although these have methodological limitations and lack associated scales that allow for the interpretation of the score obtained. METHOD: Observational, cross-sectional, national study. Using an online questionnaire, data were obtained between January and March 2020 from nurses working in the National Health System. An ANOVA was performed along with multiple regression analyses. The T-score and percentiles were calculated to obtain the scale of the EBP-COQ-Prof©. RESULTS: 2,942 nurses participated. The score for the evidence-based practice competency was 130.29 (standard deviation 17.55). The multiple regression analysis showed a model comprised of 8 variables that explained 33% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish nurses have a moderate level of evidence-based practice competency. The scale classifies the subjects into 3 levels: low, moderate and high competency. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The scale proposed for the EBP-COQ-Prof© could be utilized to facilitate the diagnosis of evidence-based practice competency, and to monitor and plan individual and collective strategies to improve this competency.

Questionnaire to Evaluate the Competency in Evidence-Based Practice of Registered Nurses (EBP-COQ Prof©): Development and Psychometric Validation.

BACKGROUND: The availability of valid and reliable instruments, based on current competency frameworks, is essential to respond to the need for accurate measurement of the competency of registered nurses in evidence-based practice (EBP). AIMS: To develop and validate a questionnaire capable of measuring EBP competencies in registered nurses following the competency framework developed by Melynk et al. (2014). METHODS: The study was developed in two stages: (a) creation of the questionnaire based on an operational definition of the construct, its face, and content validation by 10 experts, and cognitive piloting; (b) psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire by a cross-sectional, and multicenter study between February and November 2018. Analyses were conducted of the questionnaire's reliability and construct validity (exploratory [EFA] and confirmatory [CFA] factor analyses). RESULTS: First phase: The initial version of EBP-COQ© Prof contained 50 items grouped into four dimensions (attitudes, knowledge, skills, and utilization). After two expert validation rounds, a 35-item version was obtained with content validity index of 0.86. Second phase: The questionnaire was completed by 579 nurses; EFA with PROMAX rotation revealed that the four-factor model had the best fit (χ2  = 311.32; p = .001, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.000, 90% confidence interval [CI] = 0.000 - 0.010; comparative fit index [CFI] = 1), and it showed a good CFA fit index: CFI = 0.932, and RMSEA = 0.093 (90% CI = 0.097 - 0.108). Cronbach's α for each factor ranged from 0.817 (factor III) to 0.948 (factor II). LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: EBP-COQ Prof© is a valid, reliable, and easily administered questionnaire that measures the self-perceived competency of registered nurses in EBP based on an updated and specific competency framework. It permits the independent evaluation of attitudes, knowledge, and skills related to EBP and of its utilization in hospital and primary care settings, allowing the monitoring of compliance with EBP.

Desarrollo competencial de las enfermeras en el sistema sanitario público de Andalucía / Competential development of nurses in the public health system of Andalucía

Los cambios socio-demográficos y epidemiológicos de nuestro entorno se caracterizan por el aumento del envejecimiento, la cronicidad, las comorbilidades y, con ello, una escalada progresiva de la demanda de cuidados. Estas nuevas demandas y expectativas de la ciudadanía se acompañan de una evolución de los sistemas sanitarios (avances tecnológicos, complejidad del entramado asistencial, recursos limitados), la necesidad de desarrollar nuevos roles y competencia en cuidados, junto a la oportunidad que supone el pleno desarrollo académico del grado y posgrado de Enfermería. Es por todo ello que, en la actualidad, se hace necesario reorientar los modelos de cuidados para lograr una atención sanitaria más ágil, eficiente y de calidad, adaptada a las necesidades y expectativas de la ciudadanía y a la sostenibilidad de los sistemas sanitarios. El Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía (SSPA) ha desarrollado, en las últimas décadas, diferentes roles enfermeros que incluyen nuevas competencias, con el objetivo de dar respuestas a las necesidades de la ciudadanía. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar cómo se ha venido configurando un marco de desarrollo competencial de las enfermeras y enfermeros en el SSPA, en el que se integran además las competencias de avance en cuidados y los perfiles avanzados de práctica (especialidades de Enfermería y Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada)

The socio-demographic and epidemiological changes of our environment are characterized by an increase in aging, chronic illness, comorbidities and with it, a progressive escalation of the demand for care. These new demands and expectations of citizenship are accompanied by an evolution of health systems (technological advances, complexity of the healthcare network, limited resources), the need to develop new roles and competence in care, together with the opportunity that full academic development implies: Nursing undergraduate and posgraduate degrees. This is why, at present, it is necessary to reorient care models in order to achieve health care for more agile, efficient and better quality care processes, adapted to the needs and expectations of citizens and to the sustainability of health systems. The Public Health System of Andalusia (SSPA) has developed, in recent decades, different nursing roles that include new competences, with the aim of responding to the needs of citizens. The objective of this article is to present how the competences development framework of nurses has been configured in the SSPA, which also integrates advanced skills in care and advanced practice profiles (Clinical Nurse Specialists and Advanced practice nurses)

Competential development of nurses in the public health system of Andalucía. / Desarrollo competencial de las enfermeras en el sistema sanitario público de Andalucía.

The socio-demographic and epidemiological changes of our environment are characterized by an increase in aging, chronic illness, comorbidities and with it, a progressive escalation of the demand for care. These new demands and expectations of citizenship are accompanied by an evolution of health systems (technological advances, complexity of the healthcare network, limited resources), the need to develop new roles and competence in care, together with the opportunity that full academic development implies: Nursing undergraduate and posgraduate degrees. This is why, at present, it is necessary to reorient care models in order to achieve health care for more agile, efficient and better quality care processes, adapted to the needs and expectations of citizens and to the sustainability of health systems. The Public Health System of Andalusia (SSPA) has developed, in recent decades, different nursing roles that include new competences, with the aim of responding to the needs of citizens. The objective of this article is to present how the competences development framework of nurses has been configured in the SSPA, which also integrates advanced skills in care and advanced practice profiles (Clinical Nurse Specialists and Advanced practice nurses).

E-salud en las heridas crónicas. Posicionamiento del GNEAUPP / E-health in chronic wounds. Positioning of GNEAUPP

Hoy día nadie duda de la importancia que tienen las nuevas tecnologías en diferentes ámbitos, siendo uno de ellos el sanitario. De un lado, aporta múltiples ventajas para el paciente, ya que permite el acceso a información sanitaria y la posibilidad de tener un papel protagonista en sus procesos. Para los profesionales también resulta de utilidad, ya que permite ofrecer recursos las 24 horas. Por último, constituyen una potencial herramienta para mejorar la gestión de los siempre limitados recursos de los sistemas de atención sanitaria. En el presente artículo se repasan las cifras acerca del uso de Internet y redes sociales en España, así como las ventajas y riesgos que presenta su uso. Posteriormente se hablará de la e-salud en las heridas crónicas (incluyendo algunos recursos) y del posicionamiento que adopta el Grupo Nacional para el Estudio y Asesoramiento en Úlceras por Presión y Heridas Crónicas (GNEAUPP) como sociedad científica en relación con la e-salud y las heridas crónicas (AU)

Today no one doubts the importance of new technologies in different areas, one of them being the sanitary. On the one hand, it provides multiple advantages for the patient, since it allows access to health information and the possibility of having a leading role in its processes. For professionals, it is also useful, since it allows to offer resources 24 hours a day. Finally, they constitute a potential tool to improve the management of the always limited resources of health care systems. In the present article, we review the figures about the use of Internet and social networks in Spain, as well as the advantages and risks of using them. Subsequently, eHealth will be discussed in chronic wounds (including some resources) and the positioning adopted by the Spanish Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (GNEAUPP) as a scientific society in relation to eHealth and chronic wounds (AU)

Integración de internet y las redes sociales en las estrategias de salud / Integration of internet and social networks within health strategies

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Effectiveness of a Brief, Basic Evidence-Based Practice Course for Clinical Nurses.

BACKGROUND: Barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) by nursing professionals include a lack of knowledge, inadequate skills in searching for and appraising evidence, and consulting research articles. However, few studies have addressed the effectiveness of educational interventions to improve their competence. AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief basic online and face-to-face educational intervention to promote EBP attitudes, knowledge and skills, and practice in clinical care nurses. METHODS: This study was quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with a comparison group. The sample included registered nurses enrolled in the free continuing education courses offered in 2013 by the Nursing Council of Jaén (Spain). The study included 109 participants (54 in the intervention group and 55 in the comparison group). The intervention was a brief, basic EBP course with online and face-to-face learning. The comparison group received an educational intervention with different content. The evidence-based practice questionnaire (EBPQ) was used to evaluate EBP attitude, knowledge and skills, and practice before the intervention, and at 21 and 60 days following the intervention. Two-way mixed analysis of variance was conducted. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between intervention and comparison groups in the knowledge and skills dimension. The difference between groups was not significant in the EBP practice dimension. Both groups had high scores in the attitude dimension that did not change after the intervention. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: A brief basic educational intervention on EBP with online and face-to-face learning can produce improvements in the knowledge and skills of clinical nurses.

Expectativas y experiencias de uso de las mujeres gitanas mayores ante los servicios sanitarios de atención primaria / Expectations and user experiences of older Roma women with health services in primary care

OBJETIVO: Conocer las expectativas y las experiencias de uso de las mujeres gitanas mayores ante los servicios sanitarios de atención primaria (AP). DISEÑO: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico. Uso de grupos focales (4-9 mujeres/grupo) y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Registradas en audio. Realizadas entre marzo y noviembre de 2011. Emplazamiento: Estudio realizado en Úbeda y Linares (España). Participantes y contexto: Mujeres gitanas de más de 50 años. Muestreo intencional con criterio de segmentación de edad y zona de residencia. Captación a través de líderes comunitarias. MÉTODO: Proceso de análisis cualitativo de contenido: codificación, triangulación, obtención y verificación de RESULTADOS: Apoyado con el software Nvivo 8. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 3 grupos focales y 4 entrevistas, incluyéndose 23 mujeres. Las expectativas ante la AP se dirigen exclusivamente a su médico, siendo invisibles otros profesionales. Quieren una relación con su médico basada en la confianza. En sus experiencias de uso de la AP conviven 3 tipos de uso: acuden a sus citas, demandan atención solo ante patología aguda y no acuden a citas y revisiones. Existen elementos socioculturales relacionados con la accesibilidad. CONCLUSIONES: Las mujeres gitanas mayores plantean sus expectativas y experiencias en los servicios de AP alrededor del binomio enfermedad/médico. Esperan una atención basada en la confianza y con una alta instrumentalización. Se observa un discurso con signos de cambio dirigidos hacia una participación más activa y reivindicativa en los servicios de AP

OBJECTIVE: To know the expectations and user experiences of older Roma women with health services in primary care (PC). DESIGN: Phenomenological qualitative study. Using focus groups (4-9 women/group) and semistructured interviews. Audio recorded from March to November 2011. LOCATION: Performed in Úbeda and Linares (Spain). Participants and SETTING: Roma women over 50 years. A purposive sample stratified by age and area of residence was carried out. Woman were recruited through community leaders. Method: Process of qualitative content analysis: coding, triangulation, obtain and verify RESULTS: Supported whit the software Nvivo 8. RESULTS: Three focus groups and four interviews were conducted, including 23 women. The expectations for the PC are focus exclusively on their physician, being invisible other professionals. They look for a relationship with their physician based on trust. In their user experience with the PC coexist three types of user: who goes to their appointments, demands attention only in acute disease and does not attend appointments and reviews. There are socio-cultural factors related to accessibility. CONCLUSIONS: Older Roma women set their expectations and experiences with health service in PC around the binomial disease/physician. Expect attention based on trust and a high instrumentalization. A speech with signs of change directed towards a more active and demanding participation in PC services is observed

[Expectations and user experiences of older Roma women with health services in primary care]. / Expectativas y experiencias de uso de las mujeres gitanas mayores ante los servicios sanitarios de atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To know the expectations and user experiences of older Roma women with health services in primary care (PC). DESIGN: Phenomenological qualitative study. Using focus groups (4-9 women/group) and semistructured interviews. Audio recorded from March to November 2011. LOCATION: Performed in Úbeda and Linares (Spain). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Roma women over 50years. A purposive sample stratified by age and area of residence was carried out. Woman were recruited through community leaders. METHOD: Process of qualitative content analysis: coding, triangulation, obtain and verify results. Supported whit the software Nvivo 8. RESULTS: Three focus groups and four interviews were conducted, including 23 women. The expectations for the PC are focus exclusively on their physician, being invisible other professionals. They look for a relationship with their physician based on trust. In their user experience with the PC coexist three types of user: who goes to their appointments, demands attention only in acute disease and does not attend appointments and reviews. There are socio-cultural factors related to accessibility. CONCLUSIONS: Older Roma women set their expectations and experiences with health service in PC around the binomial disease/physician. Expect attention based on trust and a high instrumentalization. A speech with signs of change directed towards a more active and demanding participation in PC services is observed.

Actitudes de médicos y enfermeras ante las actividades preventivas y de promoción en atención primaria / Attitudes of physicians and nurses towards health prevention and promotion activities in Primary Care

OBJETIVO: Conocer la actitud de los profesionales de medicina y enfermería del sistema sanitario público andaluz ante las intervenciones preventivas y de promoción de salud (PPS) en el contexto de la atención primaria y la relación con las variables sociolaborales y con las competencias autodeclaradas en PPS. DISEÑO: Estudio multicéntrico, observacional, descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento Atención primaria, comunidad autónoma de Andalucía, España. Participantes: Se incluyeron los 282 profesionales (médicos y enfermeras) que participaron en la validación del cuestionario sobre las actitudes ante PPS en atención primaria (CAPPAP). Pertenecían a 22 centros de salud del sistema sanitario público andaluz. Mediciones principales: Actitud de los profesionales ante las actividades de PPS, compuesta por las dimensiones: necesidad de mejora, percepción de la actitud de otros compañeros, importancia, oportunidades de mejora y obstáculos. Se utilizó el cuestionario validado CAPPAP. Se incluyeron variables sociolaborales y preguntas sobre las competencias autodeclaradas en PPS. RESULTADOS: Todas las dimensiones del CAPPAP superan el punto medio de la escala (2,5), oscilando sus valores entre 3,06 (DT: 0,76) en «necesidad de mejora» y 4,39 (DT: 0,49) en «importancia». Las variables sociolaborales y de competencias autodeclaradas presentan una relación estadísticamente significativa con las dimensiones de la actitud de los profesionales, excepto: años en atención primaria, formación y realización de actividades programadas de PPS. CONCLUSIONES: Las actitudes de los profesionales ante las actividades de PPS son aceptables y se debe trabajar en su mantenimiento. Las organizaciones sanitarias deberían implementar intervenciones adaptadas a distintos perfiles profesionales así como intervenciones que pongan en valor dichas actividades y mejoren la pericia y la seguridad en su realización

OBJECTIVE: To determine the attitudes of physicians and registered nurses in the Andalusian Public Health System towards preventive and health promotion (PHP) interventions in the context of Primary Health Care and the relationship with occupational variables and self-reported competence in PHP. DESIGN: Multicenter, observational, descriptive study. Location: Primary Health Care (PHC), Andalusia, Spain. Participants: A total of 282 professionals (physicians and nurses) from 22 Healthcare centers of the Andalusian public health system and who participated in the validation of CAPPAP were included. Principal measurements: The attitude of physicians and registered nurses towards PHP activities consisted of five dimensions: improvements necessary, perception of peers attitude, importance, obstacles, and improvement opportunities. The validated CAPPAP questionnaire was used. Occupational variables and questions about self-reported competence in PHP were also included. RESULTS: All dimensions of CAPPAP exceeded the midpoint of the scale (2.5), with their values varying between 3.06 (SD: 0.76) in "improvement necessary", and 4.39 (SD: 0.49) in "importance". The self-declared social, occupational, and competences variables have a statistically significant relationship with the dimensions of the attitude of the professionals except: job experience in PHC, training and implementation of scheduled PHP activities. CONCLUSIONS: The attitudes of physicians and registered nurses towards PHP activities are acceptable, and work must be done to sustain it. Healthcare organizations should implement interventions adapted to different professional profiles. They should also increase activities to improve professional skills in order to provide the appropriate care

[Attitudes of physicians and nurses towards health prevention and promotion activities in Primary Care]. / Actitudes de médicos y enfermeras ante las actividades preventivas y de promoción en atención primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the attitudes of physicians and registered nurses in the Andalusian Public Health System towards preventive and health promotion (PHP) interventions in the context of Primary Health Care and the relationship with occupational variables and self-reported competence in PHP. DESIGN: Multicenter, observational, descriptive study. LOCATION: Primary Health Care (PHC), Andalusia, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 282 professionals (physicians and nurses) from 22 Healthcare centers of the Andalusian public health system and who participated in the validation of CAPPAP were included. PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS: The attitude of physicians and registered nurses towards PHP activities consisted of five dimensions: improvements necessary, perception of peers attitude, importance, obstacles, and improvement opportunities. The validated CAPPAP questionnaire was used. Occupational variables and questions about self-reported competence in PHP were also included. RESULTS: All dimensions of CAPPAP exceeded the midpoint of the scale (2.5), with their values varying between 3.06 (SD: 0.76) in "improvement necessary", and 4.39 (SD: 0.49) in "importance". The self-declared social, occupational, and competences variables have a statistically significant relationship with the dimensions of the attitude of the professionals except: job experience in PHC, training and implementation of scheduled PHP activities. CONCLUSIONS: The attitudes of physicians and registered nurses towards PHP activities are acceptable, and work must be done to sustain it. Healthcare organizations should implement interventions adapted to different professional profiles. They should also increase activities to improve professional skills in order to provide the appropriate care.

Nuevas tecnologías, apps y su aplicación en la práctica clínica basada en evidencias / New technologies, apps and their application in evidence-based clinical practice

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Diseño y validación de un cuestionario sobre las actitudes ante la prevención y promoción de la salud en atención primaria (CAPPAP) / Design and validation of a questionnaire on attitudes to prevention and health promotion in primary care (CAPPAP)

Objetivo: Elaborar y validar un instrumento para medir las actitudes ante las actividades de prevención y promoción de la salud. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal para la validación de un cuestionario. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria (comunidad autónoma de Andalucía, España). Participantes: Se incluyeron 282 profesionales (enfermeras y médicos) pertenecientes al sistema sanitario público. Mediciones principales: Validación de contenido por expertos, efectos techo y suelo, concordancia entre ítems, consistencia interna, estabilidad y análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados: Se obtiene un instrumento (CAPPAP) que agrupa en 5 dimensiones los 56 ítems recogidos a partir de la revisión de otras herramientas y de las aportaciones de los expertos. Se obtuvo un porcentaje de acuerdo entre expertos superior al 70% en todos los ítems, así como una alta concordancia entre los ítems de prevención y promoción, por lo que se eliminan los ítems duplicados quedando una herramienta final de 44 ítems. La consistencia interna del CAPPAP, medida a través de alfa de Cronbach, fue de 0,888. El test-retest nos indica concordancias entre sustanciales y casi perfectas. El análisis factorial exploratorio identifica 5 factores que explicaban un 48,92% de la varianza. Conclusiones: El CAPPAP es un instrumento de fácil y rápida administración, que es bien aceptado por los profesionales y que presenta unos resultados psicométricos aceptables, tanto a nivel global como a nivel de cada dimensión (AU)

Objective: To develop and validate a questionnaire to measure attitudes towards prevention and health promotion. Design: Cross-sectional study for the validation of a questionnaire. Location: Primary Health Care (autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain). Participants: 282 professionals (nurses and doctors) belonging to the Public Health System. Main measurements: Content validation by experts, ceiling effects and floor effects, correlation between items, internal consistency, stability and exploratory factor analysis. Results: The 56 items of the tool (CAPPAP) obtained, including those from the review of other tools and the contributions of the experts, were grouped into 5 dimensions. The percentage of expert agreement was over 70% on all items, and a high concordance between prevention and promotion item was obtained, thus, duplicates were removed leaving a final tool with44 items. The internal consistency, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.888. The test retest indicated concordance from substantial to almost perfect. Exploratory factor analysis identified five factors that accounted for 48.92% of the variance. Conclusions: CAPPAP is a tool that is quick and easy to administer, that is well accepted by professionals, and that has acceptable psychometric results, both globally and at the level of each dimension (AU)

[Design and validation of a questionnaire on attitudes to prevention and health promotion in primary care (CAPPAP)]. / Diseño y validación de un cuestionario sobre las actitudes ante la prevención y promoción de la salud en atención primaria (CAPPAP).

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a questionnaire to measure attitudes towards prevention and health promotion. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study for the validation of a questionnaire. LOCATION: Primary Health Care (autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain). PARTICIPANTS: 282 professionals (nurses and doctors) belonging to the Public Health System. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Content validation by experts, ceiling effects and floor effects, correlation between items, internal consistency, stability and exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: The 56 items of the tool (CAPPAP) obtained, including those from the review of other tools and the contributions of the experts, were grouped into 5 dimensions. The percentage of expert agreement was over 70% on all items, and a high concordance between prevention and promotion item was obtained, thus, duplicates were removed leaving a final tool with 44 items. The internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.888. The test retest indicated concordance from substantial to almost perfect. Exploratory factor analysis identified five factors that accounted for 48.92% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: CAPPAP is a tool that is quick and easy to administer, that is well accepted by professionals, and that has acceptable psychometric results, both globally and at the level of each dimension.

Cuidando a un preescolar desde el modelo de activos en salud: caso clínico / No disponible

El modelo de activos en salud constituye un campo de trabajo que tiene efectos protectores en los niños, asociados a la protección, seguridad y al hecho de sentirse bien. Dicho modelo de activos representa un modelo complementario, y en muchas ocasiones ausente, al modelo del déficit. Desde este punto de vista, se presenta el caso clínico de un niño de 4 años, que está sano, en el que se diseñan una serie de actividades que tienen a los padres como principales implementadores y que se dirigen principalmente al mantenimiento de la salud y el bienestar del niño. Para ello se elabora un plan de cuidados para que los padres cuiden al niño apoyándonos en la taxonomía enfermera NANDA, y en las clasificaciones NOC y NIC para concretar los resultados que perseguimos y las intervenciones enfermeras que utilizamos respectivamente. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, el poseer un lenguaje común, una taxonomía diagnóstica enfermera, constituye una pieza clave para el desarrollo de nuestra profesión, sin embargo para el trabajo desde una perspectiva salutogénica basada en diagnósticos de la NANDA Internacional, pensamos que la misma, no se ajusta adecuadamente, existiendo una ausencia de desarrollo en ésta área y siendo necesario e interesante desarrollarla (AU)

The health assets model is a field of work that has protective effects on children associated with the protection, safety, and to their well being. This assets model is complementary, to the deficit model, which is often absent. From this point of view, we present the case of a 4 year old who was healthy and for whom a series of activities were designed with parents as primary implementers and directed primarily to the maintenance of health and child welfare. To do this, a care plan for parents caring for the learning child was developed based NANDA nursing taxonomy, and the NOC and NIC classifications in order to achieve the desired outcomes and carry out the appropriate nursing interventions. From the methodological point of view, possessing a common language and a nursing diagnostic taxonomy are keys to the development of our profession, but to work from a salutogenic perspective based on the NANDA International diagnoses, we believe that this does not fit properly. There is a lack of development in this area and would be interesting to develop it (AU)