An Integrated ANN-PRA/DP4+ Tandem Computational Approach Contributing to the Ordering of the Heliannuol Family.

Heliannuols are a unique class of sesquiterpenes isolated mostly from Helianthus annuus, commonly known as sunflower. The interesting allelopathic properties, combined with their unprecedented carbon skeletons, have drawn wide attention to phytochemistry and synthetic groups. So far, 14 heliannuols (heliannuols A-N) have been described in the literature, although some of them have not yet been validated by total synthesis. Moreover, the structural proposal of some compounds was based on the similarity of NMR data reported for previously isolated analogues (which in many instances turned out to be incorrect), coupled with little or no stereochemical analysis. Consequently, the structural reassignment is a recurring theme in heliannuol's family. Through a rigorous and comprehensive quantum chemical simulation of NMR parameters, encompassing an integrated ANN-PRA/DP4+ tandem approach, we intended to advance unexplored directions regarding the structure of the entire heliannuol family. Furthermore, we found that the size of the fused ring significantly influences the signals corresponding to the aromatic ring, making this discovery an excellent diagnostic tool for quickly determining the core structure of these compounds.

Ozone therapy by rectal insufflation in dogs: safety and oxidative stress - a randomized cross-over study.

Ozone therapy acts in the body inducing controlled oxidative stress, thereby improving the antioxidant, immune and circulatory responses. However, very little is known about how this therapy affects oxidative stress indicators in dogs. We aimed to assess the clinical, hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters of healthy dogs subjected to ozone therapy and oxygen therapy by rectal insufflation. Ten healthy dogs were allocated into three experimental groups in a cross-over design: control, without intervention; ozone, which received 100 µg of O3/kg through rectal insufflation; and oxygen, which received an ozone-equivalent volume of medicinal O2 through rectal insufflation. Dogs received four applications weekly and were followed up until the seventh week. Ozone therapy significantly increased the weight, mean corpuscular volume and mean platelet volume and decreased total cholesterol of treated dogs. Regarding oxidative stress, ozone therapy reduced total antioxidant capacity by ferric reduction (TAC-FRAP) in D7 compared with baseline and the control, significantly increased total antioxidant capacity by cupric reduction (TAC-CUPRAC) in D42 and D49 compared with the control group, caused an increase in uric acid compared with the oxygen group and decreased lipid peroxidation on D21 compared with the control group. In conclusion, ozone therapy through rectal insufflation causes transient oxidative stress followed by an antioxidant response and discreetly interferes with a few clinical, hematological and biochemical variables in healthy dogs, although variables still remained within the reference ranges for the species, thus proving the safety of the therapy. Furthermore, oxygen therapy causes oxidative stress without inducing a subsequent antioxidant response.

Milligram scale enantioresolution of promethazine and its main metabolites, determination of their absolute configuration and assessment of enantioselective effects on human SY-SY5Y cells.

The misuse of pharmaceuticals has significantly increased in recent decades, becoming a major public health concern. The risks associated with medication misuse are particularly high in cases of overdose, especially when the active substances are chiral, as enantioselectivity plays an important role in toxicity. Promethazine (PMZ) is a chiral antihistamine marketed as a racemate and it is misused in "Purple Drank", a recreational drug beverage, that combines codeine and/or PMZ, with soda or alcohol leading to serious health consequences and fatalities in consumers around the world, particularly among teenagers. Information regarding the enantioselectivity in the toxicity of (R,S)-PMZ and its main metabolites, namely promethazine sulfoxide (PMZSO) and desmonomethyl promethazine (DMPMZ), is unknown. This work reported, for the first time, the enantioseparation, in milligram scale, of (R,S)-PMZ, (R,S)-DMPMZ, (R,S)- PMZSO and the determination of their absolute configurations by electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The enantioseparation of all the six enantiomers was accomplished in a homemade semi-preparative column with amylose tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate (AD) coated with aminopropyl Nucleosil silica. The enantiomeric purity was evaluated using the analytical Lux® 3 µm i-Amylose-3 column, yielding enantiomeric purity values ranging between 94.4% and 99.7%. The elution order of all the enantiomers was accomplished combining the ECD results with an optical rotation detector. The elution order of the enantiomers was influenced only by the chiral selector, rather than the mobile phase. The cytotoxicity of the racemates and the isolated enantiomers towards differentiated SH-SY5Y cells was evaluated. (R,S)-DMPMZ exhibited a significantly higher cytotoxicity than (R,S)-PMZ, suggesting the metabolic bioactivation of (R,S)-PMZ. Conversely, no significant cytotoxicity was found for (R,S)-PMZSO, underscoring a metabolic detoxification pathway. Remarkably, enantioselectivity was observed for the cytotoxicity of PMZ; (R)-PMZ was significantly more cytotoxic than (S)-PMZ. The results underscore the importance to isolate the enantiomers in their enantiomerically form and their correct identification for toxicity enantioselectivity studies, which are vital to understand the drug's behaviour and safety, especially in case of overdoses.

Oral health challenges in patients with chronic kidney disease: A comprehensive clinical assessment.

Loss of kidney function causes oral manifestations and multiple complications that have implications for dental treatment and patients' systemic conditions. We aimed to determine the clinical condition, epidemiological profile, and incidence of dental caries in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This was an observational, cross-sectional, field study using a quantitative and epidemiological approach. The sample consisted of 45 randomly selected patients with CKD from a total of 114 patients. Data were collected through oral clinical examination, anamnesis, and medical records compiled in a clinical file specially developed for this research. Clinical evaluation was performed, including a Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index examination. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman's rho coefficient. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 20.0, with a confidence interval of 95 % and significance level of 5 % (p < 0.05). The results indicated that CKD is more prevalent in the 5th decade of life, with a slight predilection for men. Oral cavity alterations were observed in 77.8 % of patients. The study population had a very high DMFT index, with a high number of missing teeth and a low number of decayed and filled teeth. Poor oral health in patients with CKD indicates a lack of care that supports the necessity of installing a preventive and therapeutic oral program and a regular follow-up aimed at this group of patients.

7.1',8.3'- and 7.3',8.5'-Connected Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanoids and Oxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-Type Neolignans from Ocotea aciphylla: Structures and Absolute Configurations.

The phytochemical investigation of the leaves and trunk bark of a specimen of Ocotea aciphylla collected in the southern portion of the Amazon forest led to the isolation of an oxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-type neolignan and 15 bicyclo[3.2.1]octanoid neolignans, 14 of which are unreported compounds (2-15), including one with an unusual oxidation pattern of the side chain at C-1' and two rare 7.1',8.3'-connected bicyclo[3.2.1]octanoid derivatives. Their structures and relative configurations were determined by extensive spectrometric analysis based on 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS data, while their absolute configurations were unambiguously assigned using electronic and vibrational circular dichroism data assisted by density functional theory calculations. Additionally, known sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids, and phytosterols were also isolated.

Is There a Relationship Between Birth Quartile and Vertical Jump Performance Among Young Male Elite Volleyball Athletes?

Vertical jump is an important skill that influences volleyball performance. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between vertical jump performance and birth quartile of Brazilian male youth volleyball players. We calculated chi-square goodness-of-fit tests to compare the athletes' birthdate distributions in quarters of their birth years (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to player age categories (U17, U18, U19, and U21). We calculated one-way ANOVAs to compare spike jump and block jump heights of players born in different quarters of the same year. Overall, we found a relative age effect (i.e., more players with birth dates early in the birth year) in U17 (p < .001), U18 (p < .001), U19 (p < .001), and U21 (p = .04). Regarding vertical jump performance, U18 athletes born in Q2 reached higher spike jump heights (p = .006) and block jump heights (p = .002) than athletes born in Q4, and U19 athletes born in Q1 reached higher block jump heights than athletes born in Q3 (p = .049). There were no significant differences in vertical jump performance across birth quartiles among U17 and U21 athletes. Thus, a relative age effect was present in all age categories but not always reflected in vertical jump performance. Volleyball coaches and policymakers are still advised to employ strategies to ensure fairer opportunities for players born later in the year of their eligibility dates, as we found RAE to be sometimes, but not always, related to higher spike or block jump heights even among these older adolescents and young adult athletes.

Health-Related quality of life of oral health workers in primary health care in Salvador, Brazil / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de trabalhadores de saúde bucal da atenção primária à saúde em Salvador, Brasil / Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de trabajadores de salud bucal de la atención primaria de salud en Salvador, Brasil

This study aimed to identify and determine the level of factors associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of oral health professionals working in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 96 dentists and 65 dental assistants working in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in six municipalities in the metropolitan area of Salvador (BA), Brazil. The HRQoL was evaluated using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Higher mean scores in the SF-36 physical component summary were associated with younger age, post-graduate education in public health, and frequent leisure time. The mental component summary was associated with frequent leisure time, > 40 weekly working hours, suitable dental offices, satisfaction with colleagues, and satisfaction with working in PHC. The HRQoL level of oral health professionals working in primary health care in PHC in Brazil was comparable to those found in the available literature and associated with several modifiable factors. Incidentally, a literature search found few studies using the SF-36 to assess the HRQoL of oral health workers, and those found were produced outside the main scientific centers.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e determinar o nível de fatores associados à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de profissionais de saúde bucal que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal com 96 cirurgiões-dentistas e 65 auxiliares em saúde bucal que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em seis municípios da região metropolitana de Salvador (BA), Brasil. A QVRS foi avaliada usando o 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Escores médios mais altos no resumo do componente físico do SF-36 foram associadas a idade mais jovem, pós-graduação em saúde pública e tempo de lazer frequente. O resumo do componente mental foi associado a tempo de lazer frequente, > 40 horas semanais de trabalho, consultórios odontológicos adequados, satisfação com os colegas e satisfação em trabalhar na APS. O nível de QVRS dos profissionais de saúde bucal que atuam na APS no Brasil foi comparável aos encontrados na literatura disponível e associado a vários fatores modificáveis. Incidentalmente, uma pesquisa bibliográfica encontrou poucos estudos que utilizam o SF-36 para avaliar a QVRS de trabalhadores da saúde bucal; e os encontrados foram produzidos fora dos principais centros científicos.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y determinar el nivel de los factores asociados a la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de los profesionales de salud bucal que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 96 cirujano dentista y 65 auxiliares de salud bucal que actúan en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en seis municipios de la región metropolitana de Salvador, Brasil. La CVRS se evaluó mediante el 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Las puntuaciones medias más altas en el resumen del componente físico del SF-36 se asociaron con una edad más joven, títulos de posgrado en salud pública y tiempo libre frecuente. El resumen del componente mental se asoció con tiempo libre frecuente, > 40 horas de trabajo por semana, consultorios dentales adecuados, satisfacción con los colegas y satisfacción con el trabajo en la Atención Primaria de Salud. El nivel de CVRS de los profesionales de la salud bucal que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil fue comparable a los encontrados en la literatura disponible y se asoció a varios factores modificables. Una búsqueda bibliográfica encontró pocos estudios que utilizan el SF-36 para evaluar la CVRS de los trabajadores de la salud bucal; y los encontrados estaban fuera de los principales centros científicos.

Comparison of international height and BMI-for-age growth references and their correlation with adiposity in Brazilian schoolchildren.

This study verified the diagnostic accuracy of the nutritional status classified by the international height and BMI references of the World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO/2007), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF/2012) and MULT (2023). The data pool was composed by 22 737 subjects aged five to 16 years from the Santos and Porto Alegre surveys. A correlation matrix between the z-scores of the BMI references and the skinfold measurements was calculated through the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), and the subject's nutritional status was classified according to the international growth references. The accuracy for diagnosing obesity was performed separately by sex and using the 95th percentile of the triceps and subscapular skinfold sum, while Lin's concordance coefficient, Bland-Altman method and the Cohen's Kappa coefficient (Kappa) were used to verify the concordance and reliability among the BMI references. The correlation matrix showed a high positive correlation among the BMI z-scores (r ≥ 0·99) and among the skinfold measurements (r ≥ 0·86). The prevalence of stunting was higher when applying the MULT reference (3·4 %) compared with the WHO reference (2·3 %). The Bland-Altman plots showed the lowest critical difference (CD) between the height references of WHO and MULT (CD = 0·22). Among the BMI references, the WHO obesity percentile presented lower performance than MULT for boys, presenting a lower +LR value (WHO = 6·99/MULT 18 years = 10·99; 19 years = 8·99; 20 years = 8·09) for the same -LR values (0·04). Therefore, MULT reference holds promise as a valuable tool for diagnosing childhood obesity, particularly when considering sex differences. This enhances its suitability for assessing the nutritional status of Brazilian schoolchildren.

Amphotericin B-loaded natural latex dressing for treating Candida albicans wound infections using Galleria mellonella model.

Amphotericin B (AmB) is the gold standard for antifungal drugs. However, AmB systemic administration is restricted because of its side effects. Here, we report AmB loaded in natural rubber latex (NRL), a sustained delivery system with low toxicity, which stimulates angiogenesis, cell adhesion and accelerates wound healing. Physicochemical characterizations showed that AmB did not bind chemically to the polymeric matrix. Electronic and topographical images showed small crystalline aggregates from AmB crystals on the polymer surface. About 56.6% of AmB was released by the NRL in 120 h. However, 33.6% of this antifungal was delivered in the first 24 h due to the presence of AmB on the polymer surface. The biomaterial's excellent hemo- and cytocompatibility with erythrocytes and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) confirmed its safety for dermal wound application. Antifungal assay against Candida albicans showed that AmB-NRL presented a dose-dependent behavior with an inhibition halo of 30.0 ± 1.0 mm. Galleria mellonella was employed as an in vivo model for C. albicans infection. Survival rates of 60% were observed following the injection of AmB (0.5 mg.mL-1) in G. mellonella larvae infected by C. albicans. Likewise, AmB-NRL (0.5 mg.mL-1) presented survival rates of 40%, inferring antifungal activity against fungus. Thus, NRL adequately acts as an AmB-sustained release matrix, which is an exciting approach, since this antifungal is toxic at high concentrations. Our findings suggest that AmB-NRL is an efficient, safe, and reasonably priced ($0.15) dressing for the treatment of cutaneous fungal infections.

Visual Information in Basketball Jump-Shots: Differences between Youth and Adult Athletes.

Basketball shooting is a complex skill that requires visual routines and trained players typically evidence a specific oculomotor pattern. This study aimed to examine visual patterns in male novice youth and professional adult players while performing a jump shot. The sample included 20 basketball players grouped as under-16 youth (n = 10) and professional adult (n = 10) players. Each participant completed 50 shots at two distances (long range: 6.80 m; middle range: 4.23 m). Eye tracking glasses were used to obtain quiet eye (QE), the number of fixations, total fixation duration, duration of first and last fixation. An independent t-test was used to assess differences between groups. Shooting accuracy given by % of efficacy indicated that under-16 players attained poorer scores at both distances: long (t = -4.75, p < 0.01) and middle (t = -2.80, p < 0.012) distance. The groups also differed in QE time (long: 600 ms vs. 551 ms; middle: 572 ms vs. 504 ms) and total duration of the fixations (long: 663 ms vs. 606 ms; middle: 663 ms vs. 564 ms) in both long and middle distance shots. Significant differences also occurred in the last fixation (long distance: t = -4.301, p < 0.01; middle distance: t = -3.656, p < 0.01) with professional adult players presenting the value of, on average, 454-458 ms, while youth shooters 363-372 ms. In summary, visual strategy differed between under-16 youth and professional adult basketball players. To support their long-term sport development, it is recommended that youth basketball players focus their attention with longer final fixation before releasing the ball to improve their shot.

Energetic responses of head-out water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequence on anaerobic mechanical power.

PURPOSE: While exercise recovery may be beneficial from a physiological point of view, it may be detrimental to subsequent anaerobic performance. To investigate the energetic responses of water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequences on subsequent anaerobic performance, a randomized and controlled crossover experimental design was performed with 21 trained cyclists. METHOD: Participants were assigned to receive three passive recovery strategies during 10 min after a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT): control (CON: non-immersed condition), cold water immersion (CWI: 20 â„ƒ), and hot water immersion (HWI: 40 â„ƒ). Blood lactate, cardiorespiratory, and mechanical outcomes were measured during the WAnT and its recovery. Time constant (τ), asymptotic value, and area under the curve (AUC) were quantified for each physiologic parameter during recovery. After that, a second WAnT test and 10-min recovery were realized in the same session. RESULTS: Regardless the water immersion temperature, water immersion increased [Formula: see text] (+ 18%), asymptote ([Formula: see text]+ 16%, [Formula: see text] + 13%, [Formula: see text] + 17%, HR + 16%) and AUC ([Formula: see text]+ 27%, [Formula: see text] + 18%, [Formula: see text] + 20%, HR + 25%), while decreased [Formula: see text] (- 33%). There was no influence of water immersion on blood lactate parameters. HWI improved the mean power output during the second WAnT (2.2%), while the CWI decreased 2.4% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Independent of temperature, water immersion enhanced aerobic energy recovery without modifying blood lactate recovery. However, subsequent anaerobic performance was increased only during HWI and decreased during CWI. Despite higher than in other studies, 20 °C effectively triggered physiological and performance responses. Water immersion-induced physiological changes did not predict subsequent anaerobic performance.

Evaluation of Smart Sensors for Subway Electric Motor Escalators through AHP-Gaussian Method.

This paper proposes the use of the AHP-Gaussian method to support the selection of a smart sensor installation for an electric motor used in an escalator in a subway station. The AHP-Gaussian methodology utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework and is highlighted for its ability to save the decision maker's cognitive effort in assigning weights to criteria. Seven criteria were defined for the sensor selection: temperature range, vibration range, weight, communication distance, maximum electric power, data traffic speed, and acquisition cost. Four smart sensors were considered as alternatives. The results of the analysis showed that the most appropriate sensor was the ABB Ability smart sensor, which scored the highest in the AHP-Gaussian analysis. In addition, this sensor could detect any abnormalities in the equipment's operation, enabling timely maintenance and preventing potential failures. The proposed AHP-Gaussian method proved to be an effective approach for selecting a smart sensor for an electric motor used in an escalator in a subway station. The selected sensor was reliable, accurate, and cost-effective, contributing to the safe and efficient operation of the equipment.

Effect of acupuncture on hematologic, muscular biomarkers, fibrinogen and serum lactate parameters in training rodeo bulls.

The study aimed to evaluated the effects of acupuncture in rodeo bulls in training, by determining hematological variables, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fibrinogen, and plasma lactate. Thirty adult healthy bulls, crossbred, were included in the study and randomly allocated into two groups of 15 animals, according to the use of acupuncture treatment for six months (GA) or not (GB). The variables were measured 30 min before (TP0) and 10 min (TP10min), 12 (TP12h), 24 (TP24h), 48 (TP48h), and 72 h (TP72h) after a single episode of jumping emulating rodeo exercise. The GB group showed variations in hemoglobin between TP0 and TP10min (p = 0.002) and TP0 and TP12h (p = 0.004), and the GA presented an increase in eosinophil values between TP0 and TP12h (p = 0.013) and TP0 and TP24h (p = 0.034). Leukopenia was observed in GB between TP10min and TP72h ((p = 0.008). The CK values were high (↑ 300 UI/l) after exercise until the TP24h, and decreased in TP48h, in both groups. The plasma lactate elevation was lower in the GA at TP10min (p = 0.011), TP12h (p = 0.008), TP72h (p < 0.001). The rodeo bulls submitted to acupuncture treatment showed smaller variations in hemogram, elevated eosinophils levels, and lower plasma lactate levels after exercise.

Prevalence of Presenteeism in Agricultural Workers: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Presenteeism, the act of showing up to work when one is ill, is a prevailing global phenomenon, at rates varying from 30% to 90%. Presenteeism results in consequences to the worker's health, like pain, depression, and poor work ability, as well as consequences to the organization like productivity loss, negative feelings and engagement of coworkers, and risk of accidents. Agriculture is an important sector for the global economy, providing employment for 27% of the global workforce. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of presenteeism and its associated factors among agricultural workers. METHODS: A systematic review was performed through searches at PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. Observational studies (cross-sectional, cohort or case-control) that reported the prevalence of presenteeism in agricultural workers were eligible. FINDINGS: A total of 139 studies were found but only two met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies reported prevalence rates of presenteeism of 5.0% and 58.2%. Poor work safety climate, female workers, workers dissatisfied with management, and sunscreen not available at the workplace were strongly associated with the prevalence of presenteeism. CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE: We concluded that the scientific literature about the prevalence of presenteeism among agricultural workers is scarce. Future studies about presenteeism among agricultural workers should measure the prevalence and/or incidence of presenteeism by using the epidemiological approach and, furthermore, should integrate these measures with the work productivity approach.

Correlations between linear sprint with the ball, linear sprint without the ball, and change-of-direction without the ball in professional female soccer players.

The evolution of female soccer is related to the increase in high-intensity actions and choosing the abilities that best characterize the players' performance. Determining the capabilities that best describe the players' performance becomes essential for coaches and technical staff to obtain the results more efficiently within the competitive calendar. Thus, the study aimed to analyze the correlations between performance in the 20-m sprint tests with and without the ball and the Zigzag 20-m change-of-direction (COD) test without the ball in professional female soccer players. Thirty-three high-level professional female soccer players performed the 20-m sprint tests without a ball, 20-m sprint tests with the ball, and the Zigzag 20-m COD test without the ball. The shortest time obtained in the three trials was used for each test. The fastest time in the three trials was used for each test to calculate the average test speed. The Pearson product-moment correlation test was applied to analyze the correlation between the performance in the tests. Pearson's product-moment correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between the performance in the trials, with a significance level of α < 0.05. The average speed in the 20-m sprint tests with ball showed very large and significant correlations with the speed in the Zigzag 20-m COD test (r = 0.822; p < 0.001; 95% CI = 0.666 to 0.909). The 20-m sprint tests with ball and 20-m sprint tests without ball showed moderate, positive and significant correlation (r = 0.363; p = 0.038; 95% CI = 0.023-0.628). The tests of 20-m sprint tests without ball and Zigzag 20-m COD test also showed moderate, positive and significant correlation (r = 0.415; p = 0.016; 95% CI = 0.084-0.664). The female-female soccer players with a better ability to change direction may also have a better technical ability to drive the ball at high speed. However, they will not necessarily be the fastest in the linear sprint without the ball. Coaches and technical staff may choose to perform tests seeking efficiency and practicality, especially in a congested competitive period.

External Loads of Elite Soccer Referees: A Systematic Review with meta-analysis.

The objective of the present study was to describe the total and fragmented external loads, at different intensities, of soccer referees in European and South American competitions during official matches through a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. A systematic review was conducted in April, 2020. In all, 32 studies were included, incorporating 578 referees evaluated in 3170 games through video analysis or a global positioning system. Regarding external loads, it was observed that the total average distance covered by the referees was 10,461.74 m, with running speeds predominantly below 13 km.h-1. The total distance covered by the referees in the European competitions was higher and more intense than that of the referees in the South American tournaments, being 11,187.02 m and 9319.61 m, respectively. We suggest that referees' training can be organized according to the distances found at different intensities, in which low-intensity races can be performed below 13 km.h-1 with distances of approximately 4500 m, while high-intensity training can be developed with speeds from 18 to 24 km.h-1 for approximately 800 m. In addition, planning must consider the competition characteristics.

Feline obesity causes hematological and biochemical changes and oxidative stress - a pilot study.

Obesity, an extremely important factor in feline clinical practice, is estimated to affect up to one third of the feline population. Moreover, it can trigger chronic inflammation, which could predispose to oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species, thereby generating potentially irreversible cellular damage. This study analyzed hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress profiles at various degrees of feline obesity. Forty-five cats were selected and divided into three groups: control (n = 17), overweight (n = 13) and obese (n = 15), after clinical and laboratory evaluation and body condition score. Biochemical and oxidative stress analyses were performed using a photocolorimeter and hematological analyses were performed in a veterinary cell counter. Obese cats showed increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), HDL cholesterol and triglycerides and decreased activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) than control cats, although within the reference ranges for the species. As for oxidative stress, obese cats showed higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC), by the inhibition of 2,2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzthiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS), inhibition of ABTS associated with horseradish peroxidase (ABTS + HRP), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, while overweight cats had a higher TAC-ABTS + HRP and TAC-FRAP than control cats. We conclude that the conditions of natural obesity and overweight in the feline species alter its hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters.

Does postprandial lipemia interfere with blood gas analysis and assessment of acid-base status in dogs?

To evaluate the interference of postprandial lipemia on blood gas parameters and to assess the acid-base status by the quantitative approach of the strong ion model blood samples of 15 healthy dogs were collected during fasting (0 h) and at one (1 h), three (3 h) and five (5 h) hours after the induction of lipemia with a hypercaloric diet. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were used to assess lipemia and these were correlated with the parameters evaluated accordingly. Anion gap decreased at 5 h without correlation with TC and TG, whereas other parameters measured by the blood gasometer did not change. In the evaluation of the acid base state, the apparent strong ion difference (SIDa) and the strong ion gap (SIG) showed a decrease at 5 h without correlation with lipemia. Lipid levels correlated with the effective strong ion difference (SIDe), the concentration of total non-volatile weak acids (Atot), albumin, phosphate, and magnesium. The SIDe increased at 1 h and at 3 h; the Atot at 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h; albumin increased at 1 h and 3 h; phosphate increased at 1 h, 3 h and 5 h; and magnesium decreased at 5 h. Though postprandial lipemia does not interfere with blood gas analysis, it can cause errors in the variables used to assess the acid-base status, which are dependent on biochemical analytes. Therefore, caution is required when interpreting electrolyte disturbances that result from the postprandial state.

Fatores associados à maior permanência hospitalar na fratura do planalto (platô) tibial / To evaluate associated factors and epidemiology related to increased length of stay and costs in patients with tibial plateau fractures

Introdução: As fraturas de platô tibial são consideradas lesões intraarticulares comuns do joelho. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados e a relação ao aumento do tempo de internação e custos nesses pacientes. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo descritivo de tabelas de frequência e cruzadas de 108 pacientes vítimas de trauma ortopédico. Foram avaliadas as médias de idade; gênero; trauma de alta energia; tempo de internação; e tempo médio da interferência. Resultados: O perfil epidemiológico foi idade média de 41,2 anos; homens (70,4%); vítimas de trauma de alta energia (53,70%); tempo de internação; e tempo mediano. Os fatores que interferiram para aumento dessas 2 últimas variáveis foram: mecanismos de lesão de alta energia (8 dias); tratamento provisório (10 dias); tratamento cirúrgico definitivo (8 dias); prolongamento justificado dos dias (8 dias), complicações na internação (11 dias); lesão de partes moles (10 dias); infecção da ferida (12 dias) e internamento na UTI (26 dias). Conclusão: Os fatores que apresentaram diferença significativa em relação ao aumento de dias de internamento hospitalar foram: mecanismo de lesão de alta energia, realização de tratamento provisório, fraturas complexas (tipo IV, V, VI), tipo de tratamento cirúrgico definitivo, complicações na internação - principalmente lesão de partes moles, infecção e internamento em UTI.

Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures are considered common intraarticular knee injuries. Objective: To evaluate the associated factors and their relationship to increased length of stay and costs in these patients. Methods: Descriptive qualitative study of frequency and cross tables of 108 patients who were victims of orthopedic trauma. Were evaluated mean age; gender; high-energy trauma; hospitalization time; and median time of the interference. Results: The epidemiological profile was a mean age of 41.2 years; men (70.4%); high-energy trauma victims (53.70%); hospitalization time; and median time. The factors that interfered with the increase in these last 2 variables were: high-energy injury mechanisms (8 days); interim treatment (10 days); definitive surgical treatment (8 days); justified extension of days (8 days), hospitalization complications (11 days); soft tissue injury (10 days); wound infection (12 days) and ICU stay (26 day\s). Conclusion: The factors that showed a significant difference in relation to the increase in hospitalization days were: mechanism of high-energy injury, provisional treatment, complex fractures (type IV, V, VI), type of definitive surgical treatment, complications in hospitalization - mainly soft tissue injury, infection and ICU admission.

Osteomielite: perfil epidemiológico e desfechos verificados em pacientes internados em um hospital público de Curitiba / Osteomyelitis: epidemiologic profile and outcomes of inpatients of a public hospital in Curitiba

Introdução: Osteomielite é inflamação aguda ou crônica de ossos trabeculares ou corticais, periósteo, medula óssea e tecidos moles próximos. É classificada pela localização dentro do osso, extensão da dispersão e fonte de infecção. Objetivo: Avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos dos pacientes internados com osteomielite e analisar relação entre o tempo de internamento e fatores correlatos.Métodos: Estudados dados de 33 pacientes de uma seleção inicial de 42 prontuários. Resultados: O grupo de 0 a 20 anos com 8 (24,4%) pacientes ficou 18 ± 24 dias, 13 (39,4%) adultos jovens (21 a 40 anos): 12,3 ± 12,4 d; 6 (18,1%) adultos (41 a 60 anos) e 6 (18,1%) >60 anos receberam cuidados hospitalares por 31,8 ± 36 e 19,6 ± 15,8 dias respectivamente. O periodo maior de permanência foi de 91 dias. O etilismo (6%), o tabagismo (6%) e o diabetes (6%) foram as comorbidades mais encontradas. A mortalidade foi de 15%, sendo que 60% eram usuários de álcool. O perfil epidemiológico também mostrou o predomínio do sexo masculino na faixa de 21 a 40 anos e o principal agente infeccioso encontrado foi S. aureus. Conclusão: A alta taxa de mortalidade em indivíduos maiores de 50 anos, com maior permanência hospitalar e presença de comorbidades como o etilismo e diabetes mellitus alerta para a necessidade de planejamento estratégico visando intervenções que diminuam prejuízos tanto para o paciente quanto para o sistema de saúde.

Introduction: Osteomyelitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of trabecular or cortical bones, periosteum, bone marrow, and nearby soft tissue. It is classified by location within the bone, extent and source of infection. Objective: Assess the epidemiological aspects of hospitalized patients with osteomyelitis and analyze the relationship between length of stay and correlated factors. Methods: Data were collected from 33 patients from an initial selection of 42. Results: The groups were arranged as follows: 8 (24.4%) individuals from 0-20 yo and with a hospital stay of 18 ± 24 d; 13 (39.4%) young adults (21-40 yo) and 12.3 ± 12.4 d; 6 (18.1%) adults (41-60 yo) and 31.8 ± 36 d; and 6 (18.1%) over 60 yo who were under hospital care for 19.6 ± 15.8 d. The longest period of hospital stay was 91 days. Alcoholism (6%), smoking habits (6%) and diabetes (6%) were the most common comorbidities. Mortality rate was 15%, among which 60% were alcohol users. The epidemiologic profile also showed that the majority of the hospitalized were males between the ages 21-40 yo and the most common infective agent was S. aureus. Conclusion: the high mortality rate in individuals over 50, with comorbidities and longer hospital stays highlights the need for strategic planning yielding interventions that diminish harm to the patients and the health system.