Age estimation by pulp canal/root ratio in Yorkshire terrier dogs.

Background: The study of the morphological parameters of teeth on dental radiographic images, especially evaluation of the pulp canal/root ratio (PCRR), has been presented as a reliable method to estimate age both in humans and animals. Evaluating PCRR involves a simple, nondestructive procedure that can be used both in living individuals and in cadavers. There is a scarcity of studies assessing the relationship between PCRR and age in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PCRR and age in Yorkshire terrier dogs. Animals and procedures: Dental radiographs of 53 Yorkshire terrier dogs from the database of the Odontovet Veterinary Dentistry Center (Brazil) were analyzed. Using ImageJ software, 3 consecutive measurements of the widths of 2 roots (mesial and distal) and their respective pulp canals were taken at both mandibular molar teeth (left, 309 and right, 409). The PCRR was then calculated using width means. Results: The PCRR decreased with increasing age in both mesial (0.21 ± 0.09 in animals aged < 24 mo, 0.12 ± 0.04 in animals aged between 25 and 96 mo, and 0.09 ± 0.03 in dogs aged > 96 mo) and distal (0.24 ± 0.11, 1.01 ± 0.03, and 0.09 ± 0.03, by the same order) roots. A statistically significant, moderate negative correlation was demonstrated between age and PCRR of the mesial [rs (97) = -0.545; P < 0.001] and distal [rs (98) = -0.578; P < 0.001] roots. Conclusion and clinical relevance: This work contributes to the knowledge of PCRR in dogs and its relationship with age, paving the way for further studies using larger samples in different canine breeds.

Estimation de l'âge par le rapport canal pulpaire/racine chez des chiens de race Yorkshire. Contexte: L'examen des paramètres morphologiques des dents sur des radiographies dentaires, particulièrement l'évaluation du rapport canal pulpaire/racine (PCRR), a été présenté comme une méthode fiable d'estimer l'âge chez les humains et les animaux. L'évaluation du PCRR est faite au moyen d'une procédure simple et non-destructive qui peut être utilisée autant chez les individus vivants que sur des cadavres. Il y a peu d'études évaluant la relation entre le PCRR et l'âge chez les chiens (Canis lupus familiaris). Objectif: L'objectif de la présente étude était d'évaluer la relation entre le PCRR et l'âge chez des chiens de race Yorkshire. Animaux et procédures: Les radiographies dentaires de 53 chiens de race Yorkshire provenant de la base de données du Centre de dentisterie vétérinaire Odontovet (Brésil) ont été analysées. À l'aide du logiciel ImageJ, 3 mesures consécutives de la largeur de 2 racines (mésiale et distale) et de leur canal pulpaire respectif ont été prises au niveau des dents molaires mandibulaires (gauche, 309 et droite, 409). Le PCRR a par la suite été calculé utilisant les moyennes des largeurs. Résultats: Le PCRR diminuait avec une augmentation de l'âge autant pour la racine mésiale (0,21 ± 0,09 chez les animaux âgés de < 24 mo, 0,12 ± 0,04 chez les animaux âgés entre 25 et 96 mo, et 0,09 ± 0,03 chez les chiens de > 96 mo) que pour la racine distale (0,24 ± 0,11, 1,01 ± 0,03, 0,09 ± 0,03, dans le même ordre d'âge). Une différence statistiquement significative, corrélation modérément négative a été mise en évidence entre l'âge et le PCRR pour la racine mésiale [rs (97) = −0,545; P < 0,001] et la racine distale [rs (98) = −0,578; P < 0,001]. Conclusion et pertinence clinique: Cette étude contribue à la connaissance du PCRR chez les chiens et sa relation avec l'âge, ouvrant la voie à des études ultérieures avec un échantillonnage plus grand et différentes races de chien.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Limpieza de úlceras de etiología venosa. Una revisión sistemática / Cleansing venous leg ulcers. A systematic review

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la limpieza, así como las soluciones y técnicas utilizadas, para el tratamiento de las úlceras de etiología venosa. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las últimas recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda se realizó en 3 bases de datos (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane), limitándose por idioma (inglés/español) y por año (de enero de 2011 a diciembre de 2021). Siguiendo el diagrama PRISMA, se realizó la depuración y evaluación de calidad de los estudios por pares, utilizando las normas de la Red EQUATOR, y seleccionando únicamente ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y revisiones sistemáticas de calidad media o alta. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 790 artículos, de los cuales se eliminaron 58 por estar duplicados, 700 tras la revisión por título y resumen, y 25 en el cribado por texto completo. De los 7 artículos restantes, se incluyeron 5 al presentar alta calidad metodológica (cumplieron > 70% de los ítems), 3 con diseño de estudio clínico aleatorizado y 2 revisiones sistemáticas. Conclusiones: Actualmente, no se dispone de evidencias científicas sólidas que den valor a la limpieza dentro del tratamiento integral de las heridas. Se necesitan más estudios que permitan orientar a los profesionales en la toma de decisiones para realizar una práctica segura y una optimización de los recursos existentes, considerando a la persona, sus necesidades y su satisfacción en el proceso del cuidado de las lesiones (AU)

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of cleansing venous ulcers on the healing, as well as wound cleansing solutions available and wound cleansing techniques used. Methodology: A systematic review has been made following the PRISMA statement recommendations. This research used 3 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane), filtering by language (English/Spanish) and by date (from January 2011 to December 2021). Diagram PRISMA was the base for filtering and evaluating the peer review quality, using the EQUATOR Network and selecting only the randomised clinical trial (RCT) and high or medium quality systematic reviews (SR). Results: A total of 790 articles were identified, of which 58 were eliminated as duplicates, 700 after reviewing by title and abstract, and 25 after screening by full text. Of the 7 remaining articles, 5 of them were included as they were of high methodological quality (more than 70% of the items were accomplished), 3 with an RCT design and 2 SR. Conclusions: Currently, there is no solid scientific evidence that gives credence that cleansing injuries, adds value, within the comprehensive treatment of wounds. More studies are needed, to give professionals decision-making guidelines for providing safe practices and optimising existing resources, considering the state of the patient, their needs and their comfort during the process of injury care (AU)

Caudal and middle segmental mandibulectomies for the treatment of unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis in cats.

Case series summary: Three cats affected by unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis underwent segmental mandibulectomy, while one cat with bilateral ankylosis underwent right temporomandibular joint gap arthroplasty and left segmental mandibulectomy. Minimal intraoperative complications were linked to the segmental mandibulectomies in the cases reported. All cats recovered their ability to open the mouth, and the vertical range of motion was unaltered during the postoperative period. Mandibular drift and dental malocclusion were the main postoperative complications related to the segmental mandibulectomies. Relevance and novel information: Surgical excision of ankylotic tissue at the temporomandibular joint region may be technically challenging and associated with severe iatrogenic trauma of surrounding tissues. The results of this case series suggest that middle or caudal segmental mandibulectomy is a safe, feasible and effective surgical procedure to treat unilateral temporomandibular ankylosis in cats and could be considered as an alternative surgical technique to surgical excision of ankylotic tissue at the temporomandibular joint.

Ozone Therapy in the Prevention of Dental Plaque Formation in Dogs.

This study aims to assess ozonized mineral oil ointment application as an antiplaque therapy for dogs. Domestic healthy dogs received dental scaling and polishing under general anesthesia. Under standard feeding and homecare during 7 days, 20 dogs were randomly placed into 2 different groups for dental treatment. The control group (CG) was given a single placebo application and the ozone group (O3G) received daily ozonized ointment application. The average age (CG = 4.4; O3G = 5.7 years old), body weight (CG = 15.7; O3G = 15.3 kg) and the gingivitis index obtained on the first day (D0) allowed initial homogeneity between the groups. The dental plaque index, including clinical and computerized analysis on the seventh day, was obtained from the buccal aspect of specific dental locations. Both analyses revealed significant statistical association between daily application of ozone and antiplaque effect. There was no evidence of toxicity during the study. These results suggest that ozone therapy may be an efficient adjuvant to conventional periodontal treatment in decreasing initial dental plaque formation.

Prognostic Value of Intratumoral Collagen Quantification in Canine Oral Melanomas.

The majority of the melanocytic neoplasms are considered malignant and highly metastatic. However, a subset of the melanocytic tumors has a more favorable prognosis and the identification of precise prognostic markers for this neoplasm may be useful to guide treatment. The collagen architecture and density have been shown to correlate with tumor progression in human breast cancer and canine mast cell tumors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of the intratumoral collagen index (ICI) as an indicator of postsurgical survival and its relation with other prognostic markers for canine oral melanomas (OMs). Twenty-two cases were tested for intratumoral collagen density using Masson's trichrome stain and morphometry. No differences were found between dogs regarding survival. The ICI was not correlated with proliferative activity or nuclear atypia. The results presented herein indicate that the quantity of intratumoral collagen in canine OMs is not an efficient indicator of postsurgical survival. Complementary studies about the expression and activity of enzymes that are capable of degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components are necessary.

Importância da radiografia intra-oral em tratamentos periodontais de cães e gatos: relato de três casos / The importance of intra-oral radiographs in periodontal treatments of dogs and cats: three cases reports

A radiografia intra-oral é um método de diagnóstico por imagem essencial em pacientes submetidos a tratamento odontológico de qualquer natureza, especialmente em casos de doença peridontal. Permite a avaliação de estruturas ósseas e dentárias, elucidando múltiplos diagnósticos que não são firmados clinicamente. Inclui-se no estudo radiográfico a análise da integridade da lâmina dura, do ligamento periodontal, de afecções dentárias como abscessos periapicais, cistos, alterações de desenvolvimento coronário e radicular, agenesias, dentes inclusos ou supranumerários, raízes fraturadas remanescentes na região subgengival, reabsorções dentárias ou ósseas (associadas à doença periodontal ou neoplasias) e estruturas internas do dente (diâmetro da câmara pulpar e canal radicular). O presente artigo visa, portanto, mostrar através da apresentação de casos clínicos, a relevância do exame radiográfico para a correta abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica de afecções subclínicas, mesmo em pacientes sem sinais de dor ou supostamente portadores de apenas gengivite. Foram relatados um caso de hipoplasia radicular, um de cisto de origem dentária e outro de reabsorção dentária, todos diagnosticados após a realização da documentação radiográfica intra-oral.

The intra-oral radiography is an essential diagnosis imaging method, in patients submitted to dental treatment of any nature, especially cases of periodontal diseases. It allows the evaluation of structural bone and dental diseases, elucidating multiple diagnoses, which are not clinically proven. The radiographic study includes the analysis of the periodontal ligament and lamina dura integrity, dental anomalies such as periapical abscesses, cysts, coronary and root development failures, agenesis, unerupted or supernumerary teeth, fractured roots remaining in the subgingival area, tooth or bone resorption, (associated with neoplasia or periodontal disease) and Internal tooth structures such as diameter of pulp chamber and root canal. The present article aims to show, through clinical case reports, the relevance of the radiographic examination towards the correct diagnosis and therapeutic approach of subclinical infections, even in patients without signs of pain or supposedly gingivitis bearers. Amongst the reported cases, there is a root hipoplasia, a dental origin cyst and a tooth resorption, all diagnosed after intra-oral radiographic completion.

Importância da radiografia intra-oral em tratamentos periodontais de cães e gatos: relato de três casos / The importance of intra-oral radiographs in periodontal treatmentsof dogs and cats: three cases reports

A radiografia intra-oral é um método de diagnóstico por imagem essencial em pacientes submetidos a tratamento odontológico de qualquer natureza, especialmente em casos de doença peridontal. Permite a avaliação de estruturas ósseas e dentárias, elucidando múltiplos diagnósticos que não são firmados clinicamente. Inclui-se no estudo radiográfico a análise da integridade da lâmina dura, do ligamento periodontal, de afecções dentárias como abscessos periapicais, cistos, alterações de desenvolvimento coronário e radicular, agenesias, dentes inclusos ou supranumerários, raízes fraturadas remanescentes na região subgengival, reabsorções dentárias ou ósseas (associadas à doença periodontal ou neoplasias) e estruturas internas do dente (diâmetro da câmara pulpar e canal radicular). O presente artigo visa, portanto, mostrar através da apresentação de casos clínicos, a relevância do exame radiográfico para a correta abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica de afecções subclínicas, mesmo em pacientes sem sinais de dor ou supostamente portadores de apenas gengivite. Foram relatados um caso de hipoplasia radicular, um de cisto de origem dentária e outro de reabsorção dentária, todos diagnosticados após a realização da documentação radiográfica intra-oral.

The intra-oral radiography is an essential diagnosis imaging method, in patients submitted to dental treatment of any nature, especially cases of periodontal diseases. It allows the evaluation of structural bone and dental diseases, elucidating multiple diagnoses, which are not clinically proven. The radiographic study includes the analysis of the periodontal ligament and lamina dura integrity, dental anomalies such as periapical abscesses, cysts, coronary and root development failures, agenesis, unerupted or supernumerary teeth, fractured roots remaining in the subgingival area, tooth or bone resorption, (associated with neoplasia or periodontal disease) and Internal tooth structures such as diameter of pulp chamber and root canal. The present article aims to show, through clinical case reports, the relevance of the radiographic examination towards the correct diagnosis and therapeutic approach of subclinical infections, even in patients without signs of pain or supposedly gingivitis bearers. Amongst the reported cases, there is a root hipoplasia, a dental origin cyst and a tooth resorption, all diagnosed after intra-oral radiographic completion.

ESTADIOS DE MADUREZ DEL CAMARÓN ROSADO Farfantepenaeus notialis (PENAEIDAE) EN EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO / Maturity Stages of Pink Shrimp Farfantepenaeus notialis (Penaeidae) in the Colombian Caribbean

El camarón rosado Farfantepenaeus notilais, es uno de los recursos de mayor importancia socioeconómica en la región Caribe. Sin embargo, esta especie ha sido sobreexplotada en las últimas décadas y hay una carencia en la información biológica y pesquera. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar y caracterizar los estadios de madurez en el campo macroscópico y microscópico del camarón de aguas someras (F. notialis) como insumo para su manejo. Las muestras fueron tomadas entre junio del 2012 y mayo del 2013, en embarcaciones camaroneras en el Caribe colombiano. Las hembras de F. notialis fueron identificadas y conservadas para el análisis histológico y se fijaron algunas de las gónadas. Se tomaron datos de talla, peso y sexo. Se determinó su estadio gonadal a partir de la morfología y coloración de la gónada, para la determinación microscópica se realizaron cortes histológicos de las muestras de 30 gónadas de todos los estadios. Se obtuvo una muestra de 3019 hembras, para las cuales se encontraron y describieron cinco estadios de desarrollo gonadal. Los resultados macroscópicos se corroboraron con los resultados del análisis de desarrollo de los ovocitos en el campo microscópico. El desarrollo de los ovocitos estuvo acorde a lo registrado para F. brevirostris en el Pacífico colombiano y F. paulensis en la costa norte de Brasil. Estos resultados son un aporte de gran importancia, porque son una guía para los administradores del recurso y la comunidad científica para la determinación de la madurez de F. notialis en el Caribe colombiano.

The pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus notialis is one resource of great socioeconomic importance in the Caribbean region. However, this species has been overexploited in the last decades and there is a lack of biological and fishery information. For such reason, the objective of the present study is to determine and characterize the maturity stages a macroscopic and microscopic level of the pink shrimp (F. notialis) as input for its management. The samples were taking from June of 2012 and May 2013, on board shrimp commercial vessels in the Colombian Caribbean. The females of F. notialis were identified and preserved for the histologic analysis and some gonads were fixed. Data of size, weight and sex were taken. The gonadal stages were determined from the morphology and coloration of gonad and to microscopic determination were carried out histologic cut from samples of thirty gonads from all stages. A total of 3019 females were obtained from F. notialis, to which five stages of gonadal development were found and described. The macroscopic results were corroborated with the analysis ovocyte development a microscopic level. The development of ovocyte was coherent to that reported for F. brevirostris in the Colombian Pacífic and F. paulensis in the north coast of Brazil. These results are a contribution of the great scientific importance to the determination of maturity of F. notialis in the Colombian Caribbean.

Estudo clínico da aplicação de matriz inorgânica de osso associado a peptídeo sintético de adesão celular (MIO/P-15), PepGen P-15®, em lesões periodontais avançadas de cães / Clinical study of effectiveness of an anorganic bone matrix and cell-binding peptide (ABM/P-15), PepGen-P15®: application in advanced periodontal lesions of dogs

Os mecanismos biológicos desenvolvidos para aumentar a qualidade da regeneração óssea e da reparação tecidual de sítios periodontais específicos continuam a ser um desafio e têm sido complementado pela capacidade de adesão celular do colágeno do tipo I, promovida por um peptídeo sintético de adesão celular (P-15), associado a uma matriz inorgânica de osso (MIO) para formar MIO/P-15. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a perda do nível clínico de inserção e a resposta da bolsa periodontal em dentes após 3 e 6 meses da aplicação de enxerto com MIO/P-15. Vinte e um cães do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de São Paulo foram anestesiados para realização de tratamento periodontal e 132 faces dentais com perda de nível clínico de inserção foram tratadas, sendo que 36,4 por cento (48 faces) receberam o peptídeo de adesão celular e 63,6 por cento (84 faces) compuseram o grupo controle que recebeu tratamento convencional (retalho muco-gengival e aplainamento radicular). O procedimento foi documentado através de radiografia intra-oral e todas as sondagens de bolsas periodontais foram fotografadas. Depois de 3 e de 6 meses, os animais foram re-anestesiados a fim de se obter novas avaliações, radiografias, fotografias e sondagens periodontais. As 48 faces com perda de nível clínico de inserção que receberam material de enxertia apresentaram taxa de 40 por cento de recuperação do nível clínico de inserção após 6 meses. O grupo controle de faces dentais não apresentou alteração do nível clínico de inserção. A face palatina foi a que apresentou melhor taxa de regeneração (40 por cento) e os dentes caninos e molares mostraram as melhores respostas (57,14 por cento e 65 por cento, respectivamente). Não houve sinais de infecção pós-cirúrgica relacionadas à falta de higienização oral dos animais. Pode-se concluir que o MIO/P-15 auxilia na regeneração e re-aderência das estruturas periodontais, incluindo osso alveolar. Sua aplicação mostrou-se fácil...

The development of biologic modalities designed to enhance bone regeneration and wound healing of specific periodontal sites continues to be a challenge and has been accomplished through the cell binding activity of Type-I collagen. These have been provided by a synthetic cell biding peptide (P-15), associated to a anorganic bone matrix (ABM) to form ABM/P-15. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attachment loss and periodontal pocket response in teeth after 3 and 6 months with ABM/P-15 graft application. Twenty one dogs from the Veterinary Hospital, University of São Paulo, were anesthetized in order to accomplish periodontal treatment and 132 teeth faces with attachment loss were treated. From these, 36.4 percent (48 faces) received cell binding peptide and 63.6 percent (84 faces) compounded the control group that received conventional treatment (muco-gingival flap and root planning). The procedure was documented by intra-oral radiography and all periodontal probings were photographed. After 3 and 6 months, the animals were re-anesthetized in order to accomplish new photography, radiography and periodontal probing exams. The 48 attachment loss faces that received graft material exhibited 40 percent of regeneration rate after 6 months. The control faces did not change their attachment level. The palatal face presented the better regeneration rates (40 percent) and the canines and molars teeth showed the better responses (57.14 percent and 65 percent, respectively). There was no post-surgical infection related to absence of oral home care. It can be concluded that ABM/P-15 helps a more rapidly periodontal structure re-attachment and regeneration, including alveolar bone. Its application was easy and practical, and the post-surgical complications incidence was low. Nevertheless, more work is necessary to evaluate the amount and the quality of formed bone and periodontal ligament.

Oral fractures in dogs of Brazil--a retrospective study.

A retrospective study was performed in 100 dogs with 121 mandibular and 21 maxillary fractures. Dog fight (43.0%) and automobile (12.0%) trauma were the most common etiologies for fracture. The cause of fracture was unknown in 23.0% of the cases, while pathologic fractures occurred in 13.0% of cases. Young dogs (< 1-year-old) and dogs > 8-years of age were most affected. Mandibular fractures occurred in 90 dogs (90.0%), with two dogs (2.2%) having concurrent maxillary fractures. Maxillary fractures only were diagnosed in 10 dogs (10.0%). The molar region (47.1%) was the most commonly affected location for mandibular fracture, followed by fractures of the symphysis and parasymphysis (30.6%), premolar region (17.4%), angular process (4.1%) and vertical ramus (0.8%). In fractures of the mandibular region, the mandibular first molar tooth was often (85.9%) involved while the canine teeth were involved in 67.5% of symphyseal and parasymphyseal fractures. The most common fracture of the maxilla was the maxillary bone (52.4%), followed by the incisive (33.3%), palatine (9.5%), and nasal (4.8%) bones.