Wheelchair basketball improves the treatment of urinary tract infection in people with motor disabilities: a clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Few studies on physical medicine and rehabilitation analyze the benefit of wheelchair basketball in people with motor disabilities. Given these, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the intervention of wheelchair basketball on urinary tract infection in people with motor disabilities. METHODS: A 12-month experimental follow-up was conducted in a single-center study. A total of 48 male individuals aged 18-55 years were allocated to the control group and experimental group. The experimental group practiced wheelchair basketball for 2 h, twice a week. Intra- and intergroup comparisons were made pre- and post-interventions over urinary tract infection. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in urinary tract infection and urine culture in pre- and post-intervention antibiograms, respectively. Moreover, the intergroup comparison presented a decrease in infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as an increase in the time variability of partially activated thromboplastin, average corpuscular hemoglobin, and hemoglobin and platelets. In the experimental group, there was an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit and a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1C). On the intragroup comparison, there was a reduction of triiodothyronine (T3), %HbA1C, interleukin-6 pre-intervention, and C-reactive protein post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS: There was a decrease in urinary tract infection and improvement in biochemical, immunological, and microbiological biomarkers evaluated with physical exercise practice by wheelchair basketball, as well as by multiprofessional follow-up and health guidance.

Wheelchair basketball improves the treatment of urinary tract infection in people with motor disabilities: a clinical trial

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Few studies on physical medicine and rehabilitation analyze the benefit of wheelchair basketball in people with motor disabilities. Given these, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the intervention of wheelchair basketball on urinary tract infection in people with motor disabilities. METHODS: A 12-month experimental follow-up was conducted in a single-center study. A total of 48 male individuals aged 18-55 years were allocated to the control group and experimental group. The experimental group practiced wheelchair basketball for 2 h, twice a week. Intra- and intergroup comparisons were made pre- and post-interventions over urinary tract infection. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in urinary tract infection and urine culture in pre- and post-intervention antibiograms, respectively. Moreover, the intergroup comparison presented a decrease in infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as an increase in the time variability of partially activated thromboplastin, average corpuscular hemoglobin, and hemoglobin and platelets. In the experimental group, there was an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit and a decrease in glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1C). On the intragroup comparison, there was a reduction of triiodothyronine (T3), %HbA1C, interleukin-6 pre-intervention, and C-reactive protein post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS: There was a decrease in urinary tract infection and improvement in biochemical, immunological, and microbiological biomarkers evaluated with physical exercise practice by wheelchair basketball, as well as by multiprofessional follow-up and health guidance.

Análise fatorial para detecção do talento esportivo em jogadores de futebol / Factor analysis for detection of sports talent in football players

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a aplicabilidade da Análise Fatorial - AF através do cruzamento das variáveis obtidas com os testes propostos por um protocolo de detecção de talento esportivo no futebol, antropometria, flexibilidade e força. Participaram da amostra 38 atletas da categoria sub-19 do Cuiabá Esporte Clube. A avaliação consistiu na aplicação do protocolo de testes iSports para detecção do talento esportivo, testes antropométricos (massa corporal, estatura, Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC, Relação Cintura e Quadril - RCQ), teste de flexibilidade (Sentar e Alcançar), teste de força manual (Hand Grip) e teste de impulsão vertical. Através da AF, 14 variáveis foram reorganizadas em 4 novos fatores levando em consideração suas comunalidades e variâncias. Este tipo de análise estatística multivariada se mostrou eficiente para o reagrupamento de dados e para a possibilidade de ser aplicada como uma ferramenta que contemplar a multidimensionalidade do talento esportivo.

Verify the applicability of Factor Analysis - FA by crossing the variables obtained with the tests proposed by a protocol for detecting talent, anthropometry, flexibility and strength. The sample included 38 under-19 athletes from Cuiabá Esporte Clube. The evaluation consisted of the application of the iSports test protocol to detect sports talent, anthropometric tests (weight, height, BMI, WHR), flexibility test (sit and reach), manual strength test (Hand Grip) and vertical impulsion test. Through PA, 14 variables were reorganized into 4 new factors taking into account their commonalities and variances. Each new factor presents correlations between 2 or more variables that were discussed later. This type of multivariate statistical analysis proved to be efficient for grouping of data and for the possibility of being applied as a tool that helps and seeks to contemplate the multidimensionality of the identification of sporting talents.

High-fat diet and fructose drink introduced after weaning rats, induces a better human obesity model than very high-fat diet.

In the present study, we associated a high-fat diet (HF group: 45% kcal from lipids) or very high-fat (VHF group: 60% kcal from lipids) diet with a fructose drink (10% fructose) for hydration. Normal rat chow that received the control diet (content 16.3% kcal from lipid-AIN93G) and water. The treatments were introduced soon after weaning and were administered for 70 days. We aimed to compare HF and VHF groups and find which acts as a better model mimicking human obesity. Body mass gain, final body weight, adipocyte area in inguinal depots, visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots, serum triacylglycerol, and VLDL-c were all higher in the HF group, followed by the VHF group, compared to the C group. Only the HF group showed hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia and higher total caloric intake, Lee index, HOMA2-IR, and total cholesterol. Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were lower in the HF and VHF groups than in the C group at the end for 70 days. In Summary, the HF (45%) diet administered with fructose induced a higher similarity of metabolic and hormonal alterations associated with human obesity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: High intake of lipids with sugary drinks has been associated with obesity and its comorbidities. Although a diet with 45% or 60% of lipids is considered hyperlipidic, they are different in their effects on eating behavior and also probably from a metabolic point of view. Common sense is that the reduction in intake of lipids is favorable to health. Our study shows that this is not wholly true, and this information contributes to the guidelines for the treatment of obesity. In addition, the scientific literature on the subject has shown the most diverse results and also the use of experimental models with few similarities with human obesity. Our findings can contribute as a good model of obesity initiated during childhood to investigate possible using nutritional strategies, or the adoption of ergogenic nutritional resources in future studies, for example.

Prevalence and factors associated with depression in the elderly: a cross-sectional study / Prevalência e fatores associados à depressão em idosos: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Depression is a psychiatric disease that causes losses in the biopsychosocial aspect of the affected individuals. The prevalence in the elderly population is significant, and identify the factors related to this outcome allows preventive measures and treatment can be early applied. Objective: Assessing the association between depression and sociodemographic and health risk factors in the elderly. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 388 elderly of both genders, aged 65 years and older, urban residents of the city of Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. A socio-demographic questionnaire, as well as a self-report of chronic diseases and lifestyle, a self-report questionnaire of functional capacity, occurrence of falls, Geriatric Depression Scale, mental state assessment, and anthropometry tests were used. The chi-square test, oddsratio (OR), and multiple logistic regression with 95% confidence interval and p<5% were used in the statistical analysis. Results: There was a predominance of women (64%) who were mulatto/caboclo/brown skin (43%) and married (45%). Depression was significantly associated with: the lowest level of education, <8 years (OR=2.15; p=0.012), partial or total dependence of instrumental activities of daily living (OR=1.85; p=0.003), having five or more diseases (OR=2.93, p=0.002), falls in the last twelve months (OR=1.90; p=0.021), and sleep (OR=2.39; p<0.001) and visual difficulties (OR=2.28; p<0.001). Conclusion: Depression in this group of elderly was associated with modifiable and preventable factors in the health of these people. Thus, the early diagnosis of risk factors associated with depression, the inclusion of social, physical and cognitive activities must be considered for their prevention. (AU)

RESUMO: Introdução: Depressão é uma doença psiquiátrica e provoca prejuízos no aspecto biopsicossocial dos indivíduos acometidos. Sua prevalência na população idosa é expressiva, a identificação dos fatores relacionados a este desfecho permitem que medidas preventivas e de tratamento sejam aplicadas precocemente. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre depressão, os fatores sociodemográficos e os riscos para a saúde em idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 388 idosos de ambos os sexos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, residentes do município de Cuiabá, estado de Mato Grosso (MT), Brasil. Foram usados questionários sociodemográficos, instrumentos de autorrelato de doenças crônicas, de estilo de vida, ocorrência de quedas e de capacidade funcional, escala de depressão geriátrica, avaliação do estado mental e testes de antropometria. Na análise estatística utilizou-se teste do qui-quadrado, odds ratio (OR) e regressão logística múltipla com intervalo de confiança de 95% e p<5%. Resultados: Encontrou-se predominância de mulheres (64%), sendo mulata/cabocla/parda (43%) e casadas (45%). A depressão foi significativamente associada com: o tercil mais baixo de educação <8 anos (OR=2,15; p=0,012); com dependência parcial ou total de atividades instrumentais da vida diária (OR=1,85; p=0,003); ter cinco ou mais doenças crônicas (OR=2,93; p=0,002), ocorrência de quedas nos últimos doze meses (OR=1,90; p=0,021); dificuldades de sono (OR=2,39; p<0,001) e visual (OR=2,28; p<0,001). Conclusão: A depressão estava associada a fatores modificáveis e que podem ser prevenidos. Desta forma, o diagnóstico precoce destes fatores de risco, a inclusão de atividades socias, físicas e cognitivas devem ser consideradas para sua prevenção. (AU)

Physical and functional aspects of persons with multiple sclerosis practicing Tai-Geiko: randomized trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to verify the influence of Tai-Geiko on the physical and functional aspects of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: This was a parallel-group, randomized trial with two arms. People with MS were allocated to an experimental group (EG) (n=10) and control group (CG) (n=09). The participants received multidisciplinary care supervised by a physiotherapist in the Tai-Geiko exercise. Participants underwent the assessments after the intervention. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS-maximum score of 6.0), strength test (kgf) using a dynamometer, Timed Up and Go mobility test (TUG), and stabilometric balance test (Platform EMG system®) were evaluated. Demographic data were recorded, including age, sex, comorbidities, lifestyle and classification of MS. Clinical Trials (ReBeC): RBR-4sty47. RESULTS: The EG group improved in 12 variables, and the CG improved in 3 variables. The following values were obtained for pre/postintervention, respectively: EG: lumbar force (38/52 kgf), TUG (11/9 s), locomotion velocity (519/393 ms); double task two (53/39 s); platform stabilometric trajectory: traversed get up (39/26 s) and sit (45/29 s); anteroposterior (AP) amplitude rise (11/8 cm) and sit (12.40/9.94 cm) and anteroposterior frequency rise (1.00/1.56 Hz) and sit (0.8/1.25 Hz) (p<0.05); CG: right-hand grip force (26/29 kgf); TUG (9.8 /8.7 s) and AP (11.84 /9.53 cm) stabilometric amplitude at the sitting moment (p<0.05), (3.2/5.99 Hz, p=0.01) and sit (3.47/5.01 Hz, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Tai-Geiko practice can be suggested as complementary exercise in the rehabilitation of persons with MS.

Physical and functional aspects of persons with multiple sclerosis practicing Tai-Geiko: randomized trial

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to verify the influence of Tai-Geiko on the physical and functional aspects of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: This was a parallel-group, randomized trial with two arms. People with MS were allocated to an experimental group (EG) (n=10) and control group (CG) (n=09). The participants received multidisciplinary care supervised by a physiotherapist in the Tai-Geiko exercise. Participants underwent the assessments after the intervention. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS-maximum score of 6.0), strength test (kgf) using a dynamometer, Timed Up and Go mobility test (TUG), and stabilometric balance test (Platform EMG system®) were evaluated. Demographic data were recorded, including age, sex, comorbidities, lifestyle and classification of MS. Clinical Trials (ReBeC): RBR-4sty47. RESULTS: The EG group improved in 12 variables, and the CG improved in 3 variables. The following values were obtained for pre/postintervention, respectively: EG: lumbar force (38/52 kgf), TUG (11/9 s), locomotion velocity (519/393 ms); double task two (53/39 s); platform stabilometric trajectory: traversed get up (39/26 s) and sit (45/29 s); anteroposterior (AP) amplitude rise (11/8 cm) and sit (12.40/9.94 cm) and anteroposterior frequency rise (1.00/1.56 Hz) and sit (0.8/1.25 Hz) (p<0.05); CG: right-hand grip force (26/29 kgf); TUG (9.8 /8.7 s) and AP (11.84 /9.53 cm) stabilometric amplitude at the sitting moment (p<0.05), (3.2/5.99 Hz, p=0.01) and sit (3.47/5.01 Hz, p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Tai-Geiko practice can be suggested as complementary exercise in the rehabilitation of persons with MS.

Effects of Probiotic Use on Quality of Life and Physical Activity in Constipated Female University Students: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a probiotic supplement containing two genera and five species of bacteria versus placebo on the quality of life (QoL) in female university students with intestinal constipation (IC). Design: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted on female university students in a single study center. Settings/Location: Two phases of interventions were carried out, the pilot and main study. All participants were female students of Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Subjects: Female students whose ages ranged from 20 to 40 years and self-reported to be suffering from IC based on a questionnaire containing Rome III criteria were included. Interventions: Interventions occurred during a period of 30 days in the pilot phase (n = 32) and 15 days in the main study phase (n = 63). The subjects were numbered and randomly divided into experimental probiotic and placebo control groups. Therefore, neither the participants nor the researchers were aware of the allocations of the treatment groups. Outcome measures: The sociodemographic, Rome III, Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QoL) and International Physical Activity questionnaires, and anthropometric measures were utilized. The relative risk (RR) treatment effect, absolute risk reduction (ARR), RR reduction, number needed to treat (NNT), and odds ratio were calculated. Results: Improvement in the QoL (ARR = 14% and p < 0.01) and satisfaction (ARR = 44% and p < 0.01) according to the PAC-QoL questionnaire was observed in the experimental group compared with the control group. For probiotic supplementation, an NNT = 7 was obtained. This implies that for every seven constipated women treated, a worsening in the QoL is prevented in one. An NNT = 1 was obtained concerning satisfaction in the same group of women with respect to the treatment. No clinically significant observations related to the safety of the product were reported. The authors did not detect the effect of exercise intensity on the QoL of participants. Conclusion: The probiotic supplementation had a positive impact on the QoL of constipated female university students.

Physical training, UCP1 expression, mitochondrial density, and coupling in adipose tissue from women with obesity.

BACKGROUND: Exercise training may improve energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and oxidative capacities. Therefore, we hypothesized that physical training enhances white adipose tissue mitochondrial oxidative capacity from obese women. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mitochondrial respiratory capacity, mitochondrial content, and UCP1 gene expression in white adipose tissue from women with obesity before and after the physical training program. METHODS: Women (n = 14, BMI 33 ± 3 kg/m2 , 35 ± 6 years, mean ± SD) were submitted to strength and aerobic exercises (75%-90% maximum heart rate and multiple repetitions), 3 times/week during 8 weeks. All evaluated subjects were paired, before and after training for resting metabolic rate (RMR), substrate oxidation (lipid and carbohydrate) by indirect calorimeter, deuterium oxide body composition, and aerobic maximum velocity (Vmax ) test. At the beginning and at the ending of the protocol, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected to measure the mitochondrial respiration by high-resolution respirometry, mitochondrial content by citrate synthase (CS) activity, and UCP1 gene expression by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Combined physical training increased RMR, lipid oxidation, and Vmax but did not change body weight/composition. In WAT, exercise increased CS activity, decreased mitochondrial uncoupled respiration and mRNA of UCP1. RMR was positively correlated with fat-free mass. CONCLUSION: Physical training promotes an increase in mitochondrial content without changing tissue respiratory capacity, a reduction in mitochondrial uncoupling degree and UCP1 mRNA expression in WAT. Finally, it improved the resting metabolic rate, lipid oxidation and physical performance, independent of the body changing free, or fat mass in obese women.

The effects of physical activity on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in elderly people living in the community.

INTRODUCTION: Health problems may negatively affect the psychological and physical aspects of life, influencing the quality of life of older adults. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of physical activity on quality of life, anxiety, and depression in the elderly population. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 200 elderly people of both genders. Subjects were divided into two groups: one with 100 senior citizens engaged in physical activities in a social center for the elderly; and another composed of 100 subjects who lived in the community but were not engaged in physical activities. The instruments used to assess physical activities, quality of life, and anxiety and depression were, respectively: the modified Baecke questionnaire; the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36); and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The data were analyzed using the Student's t test, Pearson's r, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), with odds ratio and a 5% significance level (p<0.05). RESULTS: We observed that the active group showed higher scores of physical activity and quality of life. Conversely, the sedentary group revealed higher scores of anxiety and depression. Data assessment revealed a strong correlation between the domains quality of life, level of vitality, and mental health (r=0.77). The prevalence ratio showed that physical activity is a protective factor against anxiety and depression in the elderly. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest a correlation between low levels of physical activity and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the elderly living in the community.

The effects of physical activity on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in elderly people living in the community / Efeitos da atividade física sobre ansiedade, depressão e qualidade de vida em idosos da comunidade

Abstract Introduction: Health problems may negatively affect the psychological and physical aspects of life, influencing the quality of life of older adults. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of physical activity on quality of life, anxiety, and depression in the elderly population. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 200 elderly people of both genders. Subjects were divided into two groups: one with 100 senior citizens engaged in physical activities in a social center for the elderly; and another composed of 100 subjects who lived in the community but were not engaged in physical activities. The instruments used to assess physical activities, quality of life, and anxiety and depression were, respectively: the modified Baecke questionnaire; the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36); and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The data were analyzed using the Student's t test, Pearson's r, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), with odds ratio and a 5% significance level (p<0.05). Results: We observed that the active group showed higher scores of physical activity and quality of life. Conversely, the sedentary group revealed higher scores of anxiety and depression. Data assessment revealed a strong correlation between the domains quality of life, level of vitality, and mental health (r=0.77). The prevalence ratio showed that physical activity is a protective factor against anxiety and depression in the elderly. Conclusion: The findings suggest a correlation between low levels of physical activity and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the elderly living in the community.

Resumo Introdução: Problemas de saúde podem afetar negativamente nos aspectos físicos e psicológicos, influenciando a qualidade de vida dos idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos da atividade física sobre a qualidade de vida, ansiedade e depressão na população idosa. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo transversal com 200 idosos de ambos os sexos, divididos em dois grupos: um grupo com 100 idosos envolvidos em atividades físicas do centro social para idosos; outro composto por 100 sujeitos que viviam na comunidade, mas não estavam envolvidos em atividades físicas. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliação das atividades físicas, qualidade de vida, ansiedade e depressão foram, respectivamente: o questionário de Baecke modificado; o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida (SF-36); e a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS). Os dados foram analisados por testes t de Student, Pearson (r) e análise de variância (ANOVA), com odds ratio e nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Observamos que o grupo ativo apresentou maiores escores de atividade física e qualidade de vida. Por outro lado, o grupo sedentário revelou maiores escores de ansiedade e depressão. A avaliação dos dados revelou uma forte correlação entre os domínios qualidade de vida, nível de vitalidade e saúde mental (r=0,77). A razão de prevalência mostrou que a atividade física é fator de proteção contra ansiedade e depressão em idosos. Conclusão: Os achados sugerem uma correlação entre baixos níveis de atividade física e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em idosos que vivem na comunidade.

Validity of Session Rating Perceived Exertion Method for Quantifying Internal Training Load during High-Intensity Functional Training.

The aim of this study was to validate the quantification of internal training load (session rating perceived exertion, sRPE) and the effect of recall timing of sRPE during high-intensity functional training (HIFT) sessions. Thirteen male HIFT practitioners (age 27.2 ± 33 years, height 177.1 ± 4.0 cm, body mass 81.1 ± 9.0 kg) were monitored during two common HIFT training sessions: Fight Gone Bad (FGB) and Fran. The Edwards summated heart-rate-zone method was used as a reference measure of internal training load. The session-RPE rating was obtained using the CR-10 scale modified by Foster. The training load calculated by the Edwards-TRIMP index was significantly higher (p < 0.05) during the FGB (77.7 ± 4.9) than the Fran (19.8 ± 8.4) workout. There was a strong correlation (p < 0.05) between the Edwards-TRIMP index and the training load calculated by the sRPE in all time frames (0, 10, 20, and 30 min post-exercise). The RPE and sRPE measured at 30 min post-exercise time frame was significant lower than 0, 10, and 20 min post-exercise for both workouts. The session-RPE method is an easy and valid tool to evaluate internal training load for high intensity functional training practitioners.

Timed up and go test and self-perceived health in elderly: population-based study / Teste TUG e saúde autopercebida em idosos: estudo de base populacional

Abstract Due to the aging process, chronic diseases arise with increased use of medications and there is a need to evaluate the elderly to prevent functional dependence and falls. The aim of this study was to compare gender, sociodemographic characteristics, fall occurrences, self-reported diseases, quantity of drugs with timed up and go test (TUG) and TUG-cognitive, and to associate these factors with the self-perception of health of the elderly in the community. Were selected 513 elderly people, with 384 that completed the TUG test to evaluate the functional capacity. There was difference between the female and male, in the variables: age-group 70 to 79 years (p=0.036) ? 80 years (p=0.013); per capita income in the female ? 1 minimum wage (p=0.005) and >2 (p=0.013), falls (p=0.001), systemic hypertension (p<0.001), arthritis or rheumatism (p=0.033), depression (p=0.048), osteoporosis (p<0.001), medications 3 to 4 (p=0.008), self-perceived health (p=0.030) and in the TUG (p<0.001) and TUG-cognitive (p=0.002). The prevalence by Poisson regression Robust (RPa), the variables associated with health self-perceived: heart disease (p=0,047), stroke (p=<0,001), osteoporosis (p=0,013) and TUG motor (p=0,028). Women had more health problems, weakness and poor physical performance, indicating the need for special attention as the aging aspects. So, TUG test can be useful tool for risk evaluate of falls in the elderly living in the community.

Resumo Devido ao processo envelhecimento, surgem as doenças crônicas com aumento de uso de medicamentos e existe necessidade de avaliar os idosos para prevenir dependência funcional e quedas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as pessoas idosas por gênero, variáveis socioeconômicas, ocorrências de quedas, doenças autorrelatadas, quantidade de medicamentos, saúde autopercebida e teste Timed Up and Go (TUG). Foram selecionadas 513 pessoas idosas, com 384 que completaram o teste TUG para avaliar a capacidade funcional. Existia diferença entre gênero feminino e o masculino, nas variáveis: grupo etário de 70 a 79 anos (p=0,036) ? 80 anos (p=0,013); renda per capita no salário mínimo ? 1 feminino (p=0,005) e> 2 (p=0,013), quedas (p= 0,001), hipertensão sistêmica (p<0,001), artrite ou reumatismo (p=0,048), osteoporose (p <0,001), medicamentos de 3 a 4 (p=0,008), autopercepção de saúde (p=0,030) e no TUG (p<0,001) e TUG-cognitivo (p=0,002). A prevalência por regressão de Poisson robusta (RPa), as variáveis associadas à saúde autopercebida: doença cardíaca (p=0,047), acidente vascular cerebral (p=0,001), osteoporose (p=0,013) e motor TUG (p=0,028). As mulheres tiveram mais problemas de saúde, fraqueza e desempenho físico fraco, indicando a necessidade de atenção especial aos aspectos do envelhecimento. Assim, o teste TUG pode ser uma ferramenta útil para avaliar o risco de quedas nos idosos que vivem na comunidade.

Performance of muscle strength and fatigue tolerance in young trained women supplemented with caffeine.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper was to verify the effect of caffeine supplementation on the muscular strength and fatigue tolerance of young trained women. METHODS: Eight women of 25±5-years-old, who had undergone a minimum of 12 months of continuous resisted training, Body Mass Index 20-23 kg/m2 were submitted to 4 tests: One Repetition Maximum (1-RM, kg) to pull down (PD), Hack Squat (HS), Bench Press (BP), and Knee Extension Exhaustion (drop-set, 100/80/60 kg, repetitions) (DS). They performed the tests in 4 consecutive blocks one-week apart crossover system: basal without caffeine (B); first caffeine (C1); placebo with starch supplementation (P); second caffeine (C2). Caffeine supplementation 6 mg.kg-1 30 minutes before. The paired t-test and repeated ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer were performed. RESULTS: Respectively for B, C1, P and C2 to each test were PD (52, 54, 56, 55, P>0.05); HS (99, 109, 108, 121*; P<0.001); BP (22, 26*, 25*, 27*; P<0.05); DS (28, 35*,**, 30*, 37**; P<0.001). To comparison of B, P and mean caffeine (C1+C2/2) results respectively were: HS (99, 108*, 115***; P<0.05); BP (22, 25*, 26*; P<0.05); DS (28, 30#, 36**; P<0.01 and P<0.001). The delta ([C1+C2/2]-[B+P/2]) were PD=0 (P>0.05), HS=12 (P=0.04), BP=3 (P=0.007), DS=7 (P=00.1). CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine improved tolerance to exhaustion and has tendency to improve strength in this young women. Probably caffeine supplementation is useful to improve performance in women engaged in sports with these physical valences. An investigation with a major numbers of volunteers could elucidate some controversies observed here.

Prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia and dynapenia in elderly people.

OBJECTIVES: There is little information about the risk factors for sarcopenia and dynapenia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and dynapenia and to verify which risk factors are associated with the elderly population. METHODS: A total of 387 elderly people were evaluated. We used a questionnaire to identify socio-demographic and behavioral aspects. For physical performance, we used the Short Physical Performance Battery. Using the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People consensus, we defined sarcopenia that includes the occurrence of low muscle mass, added to low muscle strength or low physical performance. Dynapenia was defined using handgrip strength. RESULTS: Sarcopenia and dynapenia were identified in 15.3% and 38.2% of the elderly people, respectively; 15.8% of women and 14.2% of men had sarcopenia, and 52.4% of women and 13.5% of men had dynapenia. Sarcopenia was associated with the increase in aging, white race, smoking, and risk of malnutrition. Dynapenia is more likely to occur in women and hospitalized patients. CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia had a greater association with the risk factors evaluated here, mainly with smoking and nutritional status. On the other hand, dynapenia was different, having a greater association with hospital intervention.

Correlation between muscle mass, nutritional status and physical performance of elderly people.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the relationship between the skeletal muscle mass (SMM), obtained by predictive equations, and the body composition, nutritional aspects, functionality and physical performance in elderly people. METHODS: The sample consisted of adults aged 65 years or over from the cross-sectional study of the Brazilian Elderly Frailty Study Network, in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The anthropometric parameters, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated. The SMM was estimated by 2 predictive anthropometric equations. RESULTS: Both SMM equations correlated with age, anthropometric indices, SPPB, IADL, and HGS. However, only HGS and neck circumference strongly correlated in both equations, being higher in SMM II. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that both equations are sensitive to obtain the SMM, contributing to the diagnosis of sarcopenia, nutritional status, and a physical performance condition.

Pre-season dietary intake of professional soccer players.

BACKGROUND: Despite the well-documented importance of nutrition in optimizing performance and health, the dietary intake of soccer players has attracted little attention. AIM: We aimed to assess the pre-season dietary intake of professional soccer players and its adequacy in macro and micronutrients. METHODS: The pre-season dietary intake of 19 male athletes was assessed using a semi-structured 3-day food record. To determine dietary adequacy and excess, energy and macronutrient intake were compared with the Brazilian dietary reference values for athletes, and micronutrients were compared with the Estimated Average Requirement - EAR (minimum recommendation) and Tolerable Upper Intake Level - UL (maximum recommendation). RESULTS: Mean daily energy intake (40.74±12.81 kcal/kg) was adequate. However, there was a low carbohydrate intake (5.44±1.86 g/kg/day) and a high amount of protein and fat (1.91±0.75 and 1.27±0.50 g/kg/day, respectively). Sodium intake (3141.77±939.76 mg/day) was higher than UL (2300 mg/day), while the majority of players showed daily intake of vitamin A (74%), vitamin D (100%), folate (58%), calcium and magnesium (68%) below the EAR (625, 10 and 320 µg/day, 800 and 330 mg/day, respectively). CONCLUSION: The dietary intake of professional soccer players was adequate in energy, but inadequate in macro and micronutrients, which suggests the need to improve nutritional practices to sustain the physical demands of soccer during pre-season.

THE EFFECT OF CAFFEINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON TRAINED INDIVIDUALS SUBJECTED TO MAXIMAL TREADMILL TEST.

BACKGROUND: Intense physical training increases oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting into muscle and cellular damage. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of caffeine supplementation on trained young individuals subjected to two treadmill maximal tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a double-blind and crossover study comprising 24 active individuals within the age group 18-30 years. The comparisons were conducted: the effect of exercise (week 1 x 2) and caffeine intake (GC x GP) on thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) variables during pre-exercise time (30 min. after caffeine or placebo intake) and post-exercise (5 min after treadmill test). RESULTS: The comparison between weeks 1 and 2 showed increase in the first week, in the following items: TBARS, IL-6 and IL-10 in the GC and GP groups. The comparison within the same week showed that GC individuals presented lower post-exercise TBARS values in the first and second weeks; IL- 6 presented higher post-exercise values in the GC group in both weeks. The paired analysis comparing pre- and post-exercise, with and without caffeine showed that IL-6 presented higher post-exercise values in the GC group. CONCLUSION: Caffeine used by athletes can decrease oxidative stress. The increased IL-6 suggest that this ergogenic supplement may stimulate muscle hypertrophy, since IL-6 has myokine effect. However, the caffeine effect on IL-6 level and muscle hypertrophy increase should be better investigated in future studies.

[Not Available]. / Factors associated with dietary supplementation among Brazilian athletes.

BACKGROUND: Many factors can influence an athlete to consume dietary supplements, such as age, sex and sports, among others. Few studies regarding the prevalence and associated factors are available for athletes, especially in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with the consumption of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving 182 athletes of both sexes. The athletes answered a questionnaire containing sociodemographic and sports information, current consumption of supplements, consumption of pharmacological substances and information on body image disorder (Body Shape Questionnaire) and muscle dysmorphia (Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale). Analyses were performed using Pearson's Chi-squared test, the crude prevalence ratio (PR) and Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: In the bivariate analysis, the male gender, age between 25-29 years, engaging in a remunerated activity, consumption of pharmacological substances, body image disorder, risk of muscle dysmorphia, power modality athletes and lack of medical care were factors associated with supplement intake. After the regression analysis, the consumption of supplements was associated with the male gender (PR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.01; 2.78; p = 0.044), use of pharmacological substances (PR: 1.77; 95 %: 1.37; 2.27; p < 0.001) and the risk of muscle dysmorphia (PR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.37; 2.23; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this research clearly demonstrate the importance of professionals working closely with athletes to continuously monitor their use of supplements, since it was an alimentary behavior associated with other risk behavior (pharmacological use) as well as image disorders (muscle dysmorphia).

Factors associated with dietary supplementation among Brazilian athletes / Factores asociados con la suplementación de la dieta entre los atletas brasileños

Background: Many factors can influence an athlete to consume dietary supplements, such as age, sex and sports, among others. Few studies regarding the prevalence and associated factors are available for athletes, especially in developing countries. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with the consumption of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 182 athletes of both sexes. The athletes answered a questionnaire containing sociodemographic and sports information, current consumption of supplements, consumption of pharmacological substances and information on body image disorder (Body Shape Questionnaire) and muscle dysmorphia (Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale). Analyses were performed using Pearson’s Chi-squared test, the crude prevalence ratio (PR) and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: In the bivariate analysis, the male gender, age between 25-29 years, engaging in a remunerated activity, consumption of pharmacological substances, body image disorder, risk of muscle dysmorphia, power modality athletes and lack of medical care were factors associated with supplement intake. After the regression analysis, the consumption of supplements was associated with the male gender (PR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.01; 2.78; p = 0.044), use of pharmacological substances (PR: 1.77; 95 %: 1.37; 2.27; p < 0.001) and the risk of muscle dysmorphia (PR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.37; 2.23; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this research clearly demonstrate the importance of professionals working closely with athletes to continuously monitor their use of supplements, since it was an alimentary behavior associated with other risk behavior (pharmacological use) as well as image disorders (muscle dysmorphia) (AU)

Introducción: muchos factores, tales como edad, sexo, deporte, entre otros, llevan al atleta a consumir suplementos alimenticios. Existen pocos estudios sobre prevalencia y factores asociados en atletas, especialmente en países en desarrollo. Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al consumo de suplementos alimenticios entre atletas brasileños. Material y métodos: se trata de un estudio de corte transversal realizado con 182 atletas de ambos sexos. Los atletas respondieron a un cuestionario que contenía información sociodemográfica y deportiva, consumo actual de suplementos, consumo de sustancias farmacológicas, y también sobre distorsión de la imagen corporal (BSQ) y dismorfia muscular (MASS). Resultados: en el análisis bivariado, el sexo masculino, la edad entre 25 a 29 años, ejercer actividad remunerada, el consumo de sustancias farmacológicas, la distorsión de la imagen corporal, el riesgo de dismorfia muscular, la modalidad de fuerza y la ausencia de asistencia médica fueron los factores asociados al consumo de suplementos. Después del análisis de regresión, el consumo de suplementos fue asociado al sexo masculino (RPA: 1,68; IC 95%: 1,01; 2,78; p = 0,044), consumo de sustancias farmacológicas (RPA: 1,77; IC 95%: 1,37; 2,27; p < 0,001) y riesgo de dismorfia muscular (RPA: 1,75; IC 95%: 1,37; 2,23; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio mostraron claramente la importancia de los profesionales que trabajan junto a los atletas para monitorizar continuamente el uso de suplementos, puesto que se trataba de un comportamiento alimentario asociado a otros comportamientos de riesgo (uso farmacológico) o a trastornos de la imagen (dismorfia muscular) (AU)