[Impairment of antiviral cellular resistance and possibilities of its correction during acute altitude hypoxia]. / Narushenie protivovirusnoi kletochnoi rezistentnosti i vozmozhnosti ee korrektsii pri ostroi vysotnoi gipoksii.

Antiviral cell resistance of blood monocytes and lymphocytes was studied in 29 healthy human subjects subjected to acute altitude hypoxia (AAH) in climatic chamber TABAI, and 39 healthy males during rapid ascent from the sea level up to 3250 m. The antiviral resistance of immune cells was found to be suppressed by AAH. Double blind method was used to compare effects of placebo, dexamethasone and olifen (approved by the Pharmacology Committee of the Russian Ministry of Health as an antihypoxic preparation) on the antiviral resistance of cells during AAH. Unlike dexamethasone, from the onset of AAH olifen prevented decline of the antiviral resistance of cells; olifen successfully remedied disorders resulted from stay in AAH.

[Olifen action on mutagenesis in human lymphocytes]. / Vliianie olifena na mutagenez v limfotsitakh cheloveka.

Antihypoxic drug olifen has been studied for effect in 72-hour PHA-stimulated cultures of blood lymphocytes in 15 healthy donors and 35 patients with diseases accompanied by enhanced mutagenesis in lymphocytes (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hypophyseal adenoma, neoplasms, chronic intoxications). Olifen has no mutagenic effect on mutagenesis in lymphocytes in a wide dose range. In diseases with intensive mutagenesis in lymphocytes olifen exhibits antimutagenic effect without lymphopoiesis.

[Monocyte functional activity and nonspecific antiviral cellular resistance in adaptation to the conditions of eastern Siberia]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' monotsitov i nespetsificheskaia protivovirusnaia kletochnaia rezistentnost' pri adaptatsii k usloviiam Vostochnoi Sibiri.

Monocyte functional activity and antiviral cellular resistance were studied in the newcomers to the Baikal region from the European Russia. A total of 105 patients with acute respiratory diseases and 30 normal subjects were examined. 46 healthy residents of St. Petersburg made up the reference group. The process of adaptation was found to be associated with changes in the functional activity of the immunocompetent cells. The authors came to a conclusion on the principal role of viral injury of the monocytes in the development of acute bronchitis or pneumonia.

[Monocyte functional activity and nonspecific antiviral cellular resistance in a group at high risk for developing acute pneumonia]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' monotsitov i nespetsificheskaia protivovirusnaia kletochnaia rezistentnost' v gruppe povyshennogo riska razvitiia ostroi pnevmonii.

Overall 132 patients at greater risk for pneumonia were examined for functional activity of monocytes and antiviral cellular resistance according to the status of intracellular viremia in monocytes and lymphocytes. The control group included 46 healthy men. Proneness to pneumonia was discovered to be related to abnormal function of mononuclear phagocytes and a decrease of antiviral cellular resistance. The conclusion is made about the necessity of the control over functional activity of monocytes, viremia in immunocompetent cells and advisability of carrying out immunomodulatory and antiviral therapy.

[The effect of the methods of anesthesiological assistance and blood oxygenation on the oxygen-transport properties of the blood in reconstructive interventions on the abdominal aorta and vessels of the lower extremities]. / Vliianie metodov anesteziologicheskogo posobiia i oksigenatsii krovi na kislorodtransportnye svoistva krovi pri rekonstruktivnykh vmeshatel'stvakh na briushnoi aorte i sosudakh nizhnikh konechnostei.

Methemoglobin (MtHb) formation was studied during reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta and its branches. It was established that the appearance of pain at rest and trophic tissue disorders in the lower extremities causes intensification of MtHb formation. The intensity of MtHb formation increases sharply during the operation and is determined by the injurious character of the intervention, level of arterial blood oxygenation, and the efficacy of nociceptive pulsation block. Arterial blood hyperoxia proved to be among the most important factors of increased MtHb formation and decreased blood oxygen capacity. Nociceptive pulsation block is less effective in general anesthesia than in epidural anesthesia and also increases the content of MtHb in the blood and the severity of the stress and reperfusion damages of the tissues and organs. On the basis of the results of the study it is concluded that normoxia of arterial blood and denervation of the operative zone reduce the risk of ischemic and hypoxic complications in patients with generalized atherosclerosis.

[Pharmacological action on antiviral resistance in patients with acute pneumonia]. / Farmakologicheskoe vozdeistvie na protivovirusnuiu rezistentnost' bol'nykh ostroi pnevmoniei.

A study of 30 patients suffering of acute pneumonia indicates that the development of acute pneumonia occurs against the background of disorders of the functional activity of monocytes with prevalent reduction of the functional activity of phagocytosis and inhibition of the unspecific cellular antiviral resistance. Leucocytic interferon sharply activates phagocytosis. The number of phagocytic cells and activity of phagocytosis reduced and the number of virus-involved immunocompetent cells increased under the effect of antibiotics.

[Antiviral cellular resistance in acute sepsis]. / Protivovirusnaia kletochnaia rezistentnost' pri ostrom sepsise.

The antiviral cellular resistance was studied in 22 patients with acute sepsis of different etiology. The acute sepsis was found to develop as a rule against the background of substantially decreased antiviral cellular resistance. So, treatment of this category of patients should include not only antibacterial and antimycotic, but also antiviral methods of therapy.

[Functional activity of precursor cells of granulo-monocytopoiesis and stromal precursor cells in acute suppurative-destructive lung diseases]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' kletok-predshestvennikov granulomonotsitopoéza i stromal'nykh kletok-predshestvennikov pri ostrykh gnoino-destruktivnykh zabolevaniiakh legkikh.

Under study was functional activity of stromal (fibroblast) and granulo-monocytic cells-precursors in bone marrow cultures of 32 patients with acute pyodestructive diseases of the lungs. The disturbance of functional activity of cells-precursors of granulo-monocytopoiesis and stromal cells-precursors responsible for regulation of hemopoiesis was established which makes for the development of leukemoid reactions and anemia in patients with acute pyo-destructive diseases of the lungs.

[Changes in lymphocytes in acute suppurative-destructive lung diseases]. / Izmenenie limfotsitov pri ostrykh gnoino-destruktivnykh zabolevaniiakh legkikh.

A study of the content of lymphocytes and their populations, indices of intracellular viral involvement of the lymphocytes in 32 patients with acute purulent-destructive pulmonary diseases and 46 healthy persons revealed an increase of the percent of non-viable lymphocytes containing viral inclusions. Viral involvement of lymphocytes is considered one the leading causes of increased lymphocyte death.

[Cytospectrophotometric study of hemoglobin in human erythrocytes. II. Methemoglobin formation in acute hypobaric hypoxia]. / Tsitospektrofotometricheskoe issledovanie gemoglobina v éritrotsitakh cheloveka. II. Metgemoglobinoobrazovanie pri ostroi gipobaricheskoi gipoksii.

The percentage of erthrocytes with thorn-shaped protuberances--echinocytes--was calculated in the blood smears of 10 healthy men before and after a 48 hour sharp hypobaric hypoxia in the climatic chamber of Tabai. The absorbtion spectra at the range 400-650 nm were investigated in the smooth erythrocytes and echinocytes. The methemoglobin content in the echinocytes is higher than in the smooth erythrocytes. The sharp hypobaric hypoxia results in the increase in the percentage of echinocytes and erythrocytes with fetal hemoglobin, in the change of osmotic stability and acidic resistance of erythrocytes, and in the rise of peroxid oxidation of lipids. The role of methemoglobin production upon a sharp hypobaric hypoxia is discussed.

[Cytospectrophotometric research on hemoglobin in human erythrocytes. I. The methemoglobin content in intact erythrocytes and its alteration under the influence of chromosmon, ascorbic acid, riboflavin and glutathione]. / Tsitospektrofotometricheskoe issledovanie gemoglobina v éritrotsitakh cheloveka. I. Soderzhanie metgemoglobina v intaktnykh éritrotsitakh i ego izmenenie pod vliianiem khromosmona, askorbinovoi kisloty, riboflavina i gliutationa.

The blood of healthy men and patients with methemoglobinemia of different genesis was incubated with chromosmon, ascorbic acid, riboflavin and glutathione, the percentage of erythrocytes with thorn-shaped protuberances-echinocytes being subsequently determined in the blood smears. The absorbtion spectra at the range 400-650 nm were investigated both in the smooth erythrocytes and in echinocytes. A correlation was found between the percentage of echinocytes and the methemoglobin content in the blood. The methemoglobin amount in the echinocytes was determined to be higher than in the smooth erythrocytes. It is discovered that effects of chromosmon, glutathione and riboflavin on production of methemoglobin depend on the dose, individual peculiarities of erythrocytes and on the illness that caused methemoglobinemia. The calculation of echinocyte percentage may be used as an express-diagnostics of methemoglobinemia and for purposes of studying the effect of methemoglobin-producing substances and drugs.