Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Colonic Neoplasms/therapy , Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Colonic Neoplasms/mortality , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Disease-Free Survival , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Female , Humans , Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Time Factors , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
As more and more links between cancer and metabolism are discovered, new approaches to treat cancer using these mechanisms are considered. Dietary restriction of either calories or macronutrients has shown great potential in animal studies to both reduce the incidence and growth of cancer, and to act synergistically with other treatment strategies. These studies have also shown that dietary restriction simultaneously targets many of the molecular pathways that are targeted individually by anticancer drugs. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) system has thereby emerged as a key regulator of cancer growth pathways. Although lowering of insulin levels with diet or drugs such as metformin and diazoxide seems generally beneficial, some practitioners also utilize strategic elevations of insulin levels in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. This indicates a broad spectrum of possibilities for modulating the insulin/IGF-1 system in cancer treatment. With a specific focus on dietary restriction, insulin administration and the insulin-lowering drug diazoxide, such modifications of the insulin/IGF-1 system are the topic of this review. Although preclinical data are promising, we point out that insulin regulation and the metabolic response to a certain diet often differ between mice and humans. Thus, the need for collecting more human data has to be emphasized.
ABSTRACT
A 30-year-old man had a "flu-like" syndrome followed by clinical and laboratory evidence of myositis localized in both thighs. Serum neutralization test results were compatible with enterovirus echo 9 infection. Severe myoglobinuria dominated the clinical picture. We discuss other possible manifestations of enterovirus echo 9 infections. To our knowledge, this report is the first describing myositis caused by enterovirus echo 9.