ABSTRACT
We describe a simple adaptation of the Water Pik (Teledyne Water Pik, Fort Collins, Colorado) irrigating device which allows vigorous, direct-vision agitation of the bladder wall. Three groups of mongrel dogs were subjected to cystoscopy and either syringe barbotage, half-speed Water Pik irrigation, or full-speed Water Pik irrigation of the bladder wall. Transitional cell counts were then done on centrifuged aliquots of each bladder wash specimen. The average number of transitional cells per high-power field were similar between the control group and the syringe barbotage group (2.5 and 1.5 respectively). However, both the half-speed and the full-speed Water Pik groups demonstrated statistically higher cell counts (5.7 and 13.7) when compared to both the controls and syringe barbotage groups. We conclude that Water Pik irrigation is an effective method to increase cell yield in bladder wash specimens.
Subject(s)
Therapeutic Irrigation/methods , Urinary Bladder/cytology , Animals , Cystoscopy , Dogs , Therapeutic Irrigation/instrumentationABSTRACT
Photodynamic therapy of transplantable N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide-induced tumors engrafted onto Fischer CDF (F-344)/CrlBR rats that had been sensitized with the photosensitizer tin (ll) etiopurpurin dichloride was performed in combination with visible light (approximately equal to 660 nm) emitted by either a continuous wave argon-dye laser or a pulsed, frequency-doubled Nd:Yag laser. Tumor control was assessed either by tumor dry-weight 12 days after treatment or by the palpatory absence of tumor at 60 days after treatment. Both laser sources were effective in creating the desired photodynamic effect. This study demonstrates the potential for the use of a solid-state pulsed laser for photodynamic therapy when used in combination with the tumor sensitizer tin (ll) etiopurpurin dichloride.
Subject(s)
Hematoporphyrin Photoradiation/methods , Laser Therapy , Porphyrins/therapeutic use , Radiation-Sensitizing Agents , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy , Animals , FANFT , Hematoporphyrin Photoradiation/adverse effects , Hematoporphyrin Photoradiation/instrumentation , Neoplasm Transplantation , Rats , Rats, Inbred F344 , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/chemically inducedABSTRACT
The increase of plasma ketone bodies (acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid) is related to the efficient protein-sparing adaptation during a total fast by healthy man. This study investigated the response to a total fast during the postinjury state. Twenty patients with skeletal or soft-tissue trauma received 3 days of carbohydrate-free intake and then 3 more days of carbohydrate intake. Control subjects were ten postoperative patients and two healthy volunteers who received similar nutritional treatment. The trauma patients lost nearly 20 gm of nitrogen/day, which was twice control, and had a resting energy expenditure of 27.07 kcal/kg, 21.4% greater than controls. Trauma was found related to an elevation in plasma glucose and to inhibit the rise in plasma ketone bodies and free fatty acids. In contrast, indirect calorimetry showed that fat contributed 63% of the nonprotein energy on the third day of fasting and injury. These data indicate that fat is utilized by the trauma patient but that fatty metabolism is abnormal compared to starvation in healthy or mildly stressed patients.